International Forestry Review最新文献

{"title":"Implications of Legalizing Artisanal Chainsaw Milling on Social Welfare, Income Distribution and the Economic Performance of Sawyers in Cameroon","authors":"A. Folefack, D. Darr","doi":"10.1505/146554822836282482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822836282482","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Sawyers were categorized into professional sawyers, semi-professional sawyers, upper survivalist sawyers, and lower survivalist sawyers according to their socio-economic characteristics. Professional and semi-professional sawyers logged timber above their quota limit and targeted high-value tree species. Legalizing artisanal chainsaw milling (CSM) avoids bribes, induces higher labour productivity and creates positive forest externalities. Legalizing artisanal CSM leads to higher net profit, profit margin, added value, social welfare and a lower Gini coefficient suggesting a more equitable income share. Government should use legal tax revenues to improve the informal CSM sector, grant credit, fight corruption and to encourage reforestation programs. SUMMARY Cameroon has been at the centre of global concerns about illegal timber logging for several decades, much of which has been driven by the informal timber sector. Hence, this study was conducted with the objectives to assess the benefits gained by different sawyer categories undertaking illegal timber logging and compare them to simulated legal benefits in order to envisage solutions to legalize the activity. Our results indicate that in spite of its supplementary tax expenses, legal timber logging would lead to higher net profit, profit margin, value added, social welfare and a lower Gini coefficient because the legally produced timber avoids the payment of bribes, is sold at higher prices, induces higher labour productivity and positive externalities from safeguarded forests. Hence, the full enforcement of the provisions of the 1994 Forestry Law to legalize artisanal chainsaw milling activities in Cameroon is recommended. Le Cameroun a été depuis plusieurs décennies au centre d'intérêt global à propos de l'exploitation illégale du bois, majoritairement dominée par le secteur informel. Cette étude a donc été conduite dans le but d'évaluer les bénéfices gagnés par les différentes catégories de scieurs engagées dans l'exploitation illégale du bois et les comparer aux bénéfices légaux simulés en vue d'envisager des solutions pour légaliser cette activité. Nos résultats indiquent qu'en dépit de ses dépenses supplémentaires dues aux taxes, l'exploitation légale du bois conduirait à un(e) plus grand(e) profit net, marge bénéficiaire, valeur ajoutée, bénéfice social et un plus petit coefficient de Gini parce que le bois produit légalement est exempt du paiement de pourboires, est vendu plus cher, induit à une productivité élevée de main d'œuvre et fournit des externalités positives à travers la conservation des forêts. Par conséquent, l'étude recommande le respect total des dispositions de la loi forestière de 1994 en vue de légaliser les activités du sciage artisanal à la tronçonneuse au Cameroun. Camerún ha estado en el foco de la preocupación mundial por la tala ilegal de madera durante varias décadas, en gran parte impulsada por el sector maderero informal. Este estudio se llevó a cabo ","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"534 - 559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46319567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change Effects, Adaptation and Community-Based Forest Management in the Mid-Hills of Tanahu and Kaski Districts, Nepal","authors":"G. Karki, R. Kunwar, B. Bhatta, N. Devkota","doi":"10.1505/146554822836282509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822836282509","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Warming in Nepal's middle-hill and the mountainous regions is significant. Increasing temperature and erratic rainfall in Kaski and Tanahu districts has been recorded. Forest fire, flood and landslide are frequent climate induced disasters. Forests with a limited range of elevation, bioclimate, species richness, habitats and culture have compromised levels of resilience. Reforestation, agroforestry and traditional forest managment practices are common responses to combat climate change. SUMMARY In order to appraise climate change effects and adaptation practices in the forestry sector in Nepal, community forests in Tanahu and Kaski districts, representing tropical and temperate bioclimates respectively, were studied through a literature review, field observation, questionnaire survey and key informant interviews. Although it is clear that climate change is resulting in warmer temperatures, more erratic rainfall, deeper and more prolonged droughts, pervasive landslides and frequent floods and forest-fires, the effects are varied at the district level. The community forests of Tanahu are less resilient as they have limited elevational and bioclimatic range, and forest plant species and habitats, and are vulnerable to forest fire and overgrazing, whereas that of Kaski district cover a wide range of altitude and bioclimate, harboring a diverse range of plant species, habitats and traditional culture and, consequently, are highlighted for conservation by the forest authority. In order to make community forestry more resilient, embracing local adaptation is suggested with the aim of enhancing traditional forest management practices, lessening climate change hazards and increasing conservation trade-offs through strengthening the ownership of local communities and improving the circularity of forest service generation and consumption. Afin d'évaluer les effets du changement climatique et les pratiques adaptatives dans le secteur forestier au Népal, les forêts communautaires des districts de Tanahu et de Kaski, qui représentent respectivement un bioclimat tropical et tempéré, ont été étudiées par une analyse de la littérature, une observation sur le terrain, un questionnaire d'enquête et des interviews d'informateurs-clé. Bien qu'il soit clair que le changement climatique résulte en des températures plus élevées, des pluies irrégulières et des périodes de sécheresses plus étendues, des glissements de terrains à répétition ainsi par que des incendies et des inondations fréquentes, ces effets varient au niveau des districts. Les forêts communautaires de Tanahu sont moins résistantes du fait de leur plage bioclimatique et d'élévation limitée, tout comme leurs habitats et leurs espèces forestières restreintes. Elles sont vulnérables aux feux de forêt et au surpâturage. Les forêts du district de Kaski recouvrent quant à elles une vaste plage d'altitudes et de bioclimats, possédant un éventail d'espèces de plantes, d'habitats et de culture tradition","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"573 - 593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43784665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Interactions between Wildlife and Forest Illegalities in Cameroon","authors":"S. Assembe-Mvondo, A. Kan","doi":"10.1505/146554822836282491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822836282491","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Empirical evidence demonstrate a strong connection between the illegal wildlife trade and illegal logging in Cameroon. The two criminal phenomena use vast organized networks from upstream to downstream through the middle/meso and the transversal level. Both illegal practices generate similar negative impacts at the levels of biodiversity, socio-economic factors, and finances for both the state and local communities. Sources/areas of supply are commonly forest concessions and protected areas. The destination for the illegal goods are mainly urban zones (domestic consumption) and Asian markets (exportation). SUMMARY Illegal exploitation of wildlife and forest resources are part of transnational crime, in which Cameroon plays a part. A review of documentation, interviews with key experts, and collection of field data in the markets and ports of the Cameroon's three main cities enabled the gathering of information on connections and synergies between these two criminal acts. The empirical evidence presented in this study demonstrates a strong connection between the illegal wildlife trade and illegal logging in Cameroon. These two areas of criminal activity maintain synergies through bad governance, weakening of rule of law, mafia connections between the two groups' actors involved and sharing access routes. Both result in negative ecological and socio-economic impacts. L'exploitation de la faune et des ressources forestières font partie des activités criminelles transnationales, dans lesquelles le Cameroun joue un rôle. Un examen de la documentation, des interviews avec des experts et un recueil des données sur le terrain dans les marchés et les ports des trois villes principales du Cameroun ont permis de réunir des informations sur les connexions et les synergies entre ces deux activités criminelles. Les preuves empiriques présentées dans cette étude démontrent une forte connexion entre le commerce illégal de la faune et le commerce illégal du bois au Cameroun. Ces deux domaines d'activité criminelle conservent une synergie due à une mauvaise gestion, à un affaiblissement de la règle de droit, et à des connexions avec la mafia chez les acteurs des deux groupes impliqués, qui partagent les mêmes routes d'accès. Ces deux activités produisent des impacts écologiques et socio-économiques négatifs. La explotación ilegal de la fauna y los recursos forestales forma parte de la delincuencia transnacional en la que participa Camerún. Una revisión de documentación, entrevistas a personas expertas clave y la recopilación de datos sobre el terreno en los mercados y puertos de las tres principales ciudades de Camerún permitieron reunir información sobre las conexiones y sinergias entre estos dos actos delictivos. Las pruebas empíricas presentadas en este estudio demuestran una fuerte conexión entre el comercio ilegal de fauna silvestre y la tala ilegal en Camerún. Estos dos ámbitos de actividad delictiva mantienen sinergias favorecidas por la mala gob","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"459 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43963336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zooming In: Courtrooms and Defendants' Rights during the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Esther Nir, Jennifer Musial","doi":"10.1177/09646639221076099","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09646639221076099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 placed unprecedented strains on criminal court systems, necessitating moves to digital platforms with little preparation. To study the influence of virtual courtrooms on defendant rights (e.g. effective assistance of counsel, speedy and public trials, among others), we qualitatively analyzed the journals of 44 student court watchers, documenting their observations of online court proceedings in a single state in the Northeastern United States. We find that virtual courtrooms are highly disorganized and fraught with technical malfunctions, compromising defendants' appearances online, and impeding their ability to confer with counsel and address the court. Defendants with less access to digital platforms and incarcerated individuals are disproportionately impacted. Further, court actors tend to treat virtual court in a casual manner and are often unprepared to litigate cases, resulting in undue delays, and extended periods of pre-trial detention. Policy recommendations to improve technologies and administrative procedures are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"725-745"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8804712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90880866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Samråd: An Institutional Arrangement in the Context of Forestry and Reindeer Husbandry in Northern Sweden","authors":"Ulrich Roos, G. Lidestav, S. Sandström, P. Sandström","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941878","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The concept of samråd is an institutional arrangement for deliberation and conflict mitigation between reindeer husbandry and forestry in Sweden. The understandings and expectations of samråd differ among actors in terms of procedure, issues, efficiency and outcomes. The shift from centralized samråd between authorities to a system with local samråd between land users has not undermined forestry's position as the dominant actor. As compared to the traditional understanding, a watered-down meaning of samråd has evolved where the samråd practice has merely become an instrument for information gathering. The development of participatory mapping suggests potential for new thinking about current power relations in samråd. SUMMARY In northern Sweden, forestry and reindeer husbandry overlap spatially and judicially. To mitigate conflicting objectives regarding land use, the concept of “samråd” has been introduced as a form of institutional arrangement of environmental politics. This study explores how stakeholders have interpreted this concept and corresponding processes from its first introduction in 1923 to 2019. Language, including the cartographic language, is regarded as a mean for argumentation. Results show that the understandings and expectations of samråd differ among actors in terms of procedure, issues, efficiency and outcomes. As compared to the lexical definition and understanding, the samråd practice has merely become an instrument for information exchange before decisions are made, rather than a functional arrangement for conflict mitigation. This ambiguity is in parallel to a deregulated forest policy and a watered-down meaning of samråd in public administration. However, the transformative potential of participatory mapping suggests a new way of thinking about power relations in land use matters within the framework of samråd. La foresterie et l'élevage des rennes se chevauchent judiciairement et dans l'espace en Suède du nord. Pour atténuer les objectifs conflictuels quant à l'utilisation des terres, le concept de ‘samråd’ a été introduit en tant que forme d'arrangement institutionnel des politiques environnementales. Cette étude explore la manière avec laquelle les parties prenantes ont interprété ce concept et les processus lui correspondant depuis son introduction initiale en 1923, jusqu'à 2019. Le langage, langage cartographique inclus, est considéré comme outil d'argumentation. Les résultats indiquent que les compréhensions du samråd et les attentes qui lui sont liées diffèrent parmi les acteurs, en termes de procédure, des problèmes, de l'efficacité et des résultats. Comparé à sa définition lexicale et à la compréhension dont il est l'objet, la pratique du samråd n'est devenue qu'un simple instrument d'échange d'information avant les prises de décision, au lieu de l’arrangement fonctionnel d’une atténuation des conflits qu’il est censé incarner. Cette ambigüité existe en parallèle avec une politique forestière dérèglem","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"441 - 457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48362550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivation and Factors Affecting Indigenous People's Willingness to Participate in Future REDD+ Project Activities: The Case of Tagal hutan in Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"Izzuddin Musthafa, Y. Youn","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941904","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The theory of planned behaviour is a useful tool to establish the link between the traditional forest management practice of tagal hutan with the global regime of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (REDD+). Among the 4 main construct of theory of planned behaviour tested only attitude and perceived behaviour control have positive influence on the Kadazandusun head household willingness to participate in the future REDD+ project activities. Social norm and customary norm have no significant influence on the Kadazandusun head household willingness to participate in the future REDD+ project activities. Head household socio-demographic characteristics of household size, age, and prior experience as leaders or committee members in the village have positive influence on indigenous people willingness to participate in the future REDD+ project activities. This study may aid in future REDD+ project implementation by indicating possible interventions that can increase the motivation of indigenous people to participate in future projects. SUMMARY The Kadazandusun people of Sabah have practiced traditional forest management of tagal hutan or prohibited forests. An official development assistance (ODA) project under REDD+ implementation scheme targets tagal hutan forests in Sabah, with the participation of the indigenous people. Through the theory of planned behaviour, this study assesses the link between attitude, social norms, customary norms, and perceived behaviour control on Kadazandusun people's intentions to participate in future REDD+ project activities. We found out that attitude and perceived behaviour control affect intentions to participate in future REDD+ project activities meanwhile social norm and customary norm were otherwise. Socio-demographic factors, such as household size, age, and prior experience as leaders or committee members in the village, also influence the intentions to participate in future REDD+ project activities. This study may help predict the acceptance of REDD+ activities among indigenous people in Sabah and help design more effective REDD+ projects. Les peuples Kadazandusun de Sabah ont pratiqué une gestion forestière traditionnelle du tagal hutan dans des forêts prohibées. Un projet officiel d'assistance au développement (ODA) sous l'égide d'une mise en œuvre de la réduction des émissions provenant de la déforestation et de la dégradation forestière dans les pays en voie de développement, du rôle de la conservation de la gestion durable des forêts et d'une fortification des stocks de carbone des forêts dans les pays en voie de développement (REDD+) vise les forêts de tagal hutan, au Sabah, avec la participation des populations locales. A l'aide de la théorie de comportement planifié, cette étude évalue le lien entre l'attitude, les nor","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"411 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42094820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Forests for Culturally Significant Plants in Traditional Cherokee Homelands: Emerging Platforms","authors":"M. Baumflek, T. Cabe, J. Schelhas, M. Dunlavey","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941841","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians contributes to cross-jurisdictional forest research and management affecting culturally significant plants within a Zone of Influence corresponding to boundaries of their traditional homelands. Cherokee traditional knowledge that has previously been omitted is now being centred in research and management partnerships for culturally significant plants. Community input and Cherokee values guide partnership formation and intent. The Culturally Significant Plant Species Initiative provides an example of an Indigenous-led effort for regional dialogue and knowledge co-production. A long-term platform approach promotes plant-related research, outreach, habitat restoration, and land management efforts. SUMMARY The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI), and the USDA Forest Service are engaged in integrated research and action to manage forests for culturally significant plants within portions of traditional Cherokee homelands. The effort seeks to support EBCI arts, food sovereignty, and cultural practices while promoting coordinated forest stewardship guided by Cherokee knowledge. The focus area includes the Qualla Boundary (EBCI tribal lands); the Pisgah, Nantahala, and Cherokee National Forests; and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Examination of synergistic efforts to date suggests an emerging platform for access, sustainable harvesting and improved ecological conditions. Here, a platform is conceived of as long-term institutionalized collaboration across policies, practices, and governance at different scales. Building on approaches to adaptive collaborative management with Indigenous peoples at the landscape level indicates that key features of platform building in this context include responding to Indigenous priorities, fostering cross-boundary relationships, community engagement, and co-producing knowledge. La Bande orientale des indiens Cherokee (EBCI) et le Service forestier USDA sont engagés dans une recherche intégrée et une action visant à gérer les forêts en portant une attention sérieuse aux plantes culturellement importantes, au sein de portions des terres natives traditionnelles Cherokee. L'effort cherche à soutenir les arts de la EBCI, la souveraineté alimentaire, et les pratiques culturelles, tout en promouvant une gestion forestière coordonnée, guidée par la connaissance Cherokee. Les zones concernées incluent la frontière Qualla (terres tribales de la EBCI), le Pisgah, le Nantahala et les forêts nationales Cherokee, ainsi que le Parc national des Great Smoky Mountains. Un examen des efforts synergiques effectués jusqu'à présent suggère l'émergence d'une plateforme d'accès, une récolte durable, et des conditions écologiques améliorées. Une plateforme est ici conçue comme une collaboration institutionnalisée à long-terme, recouvrant les politiques, les pratiques et la gestion à différents niveaux. Alors que des approches à une gestion collaborative adaptable avec les peuples auto","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"298 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47484394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hutsuls' Perceptions of Forests and Uses of Forest Resource in Ukrainian and Romanian Bukovina","authors":"G. Mattalia, N. Stryamets, Á. Balázsi, G. Molnár, A. Gliga, A. Pieroni, R. Sõukand, V. Reyes‐García","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941887","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The perception of forests by local people living in the Carpathian Mountains has been poorly investigated to date. Hutsuls living in Romania and Ukraine share perceptions of forest benefits but differ on perceptions of drivers of forest change. Hutsuls living in Ukraine rely more on forest medicinal plants than do Hutsuls living in Romania. Political boundaries act as a useful tool to help explain and understand differences in local people's perceptions of forests and their uses. Hutsuls' perspectives should be integrated into landscape management in order to minimize forest degradation. SUMMARY Socio-economic and political contexts play a major role in a community's perception of the environment, determining natural resource use. We examined perceptions of forest and forest resource use among two Hutsul communities in Bukovina sharing a similar cultural background but living in a region divided by the national border created between Romania and Ukraine in the 1940s. Twenty-nine open-ended and 61 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Hutsuls from Romania and Ukraine. Hutsuls across the border mostly share perceptions of forest benefits, while they differ in perceptions of environmental changes and the drivers of these changes. Hutsuls of Ukraine showed a greater connectedness and a stronger tie to the forest as an essential element of their livelihoods. Moreover, Hutsuls in Ukraine rely more on forest medicinal plants than do Hutsuls in Romania. Hutsuls' perspectives on the negative impact of current forest management policies should be a cornerstone for redesigning sustainable forest management plans. Les contextes socio-économiques et politiques jouent un rôle majeur dans la perception qu'une communauté possède de l'environnement, déterminant son utilisation des ressources naturelles. Nous avons examiné les perceptions de la forêt et des ressources forestières auprès de deux communautés Hutsul dans la Bukovina, partageant des racines culturelles similaires, mais vivant dans une région qui fût divisée par la frontière Roumaine et Ukrainienne dans les années 40. 29 entretiens ouverts, et 61entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés auprès des Hutsuls de Roumanie et d'Ukraine. Les Hutsuls de chaque côté de la frontière partagent pour la plupart les mêmes perceptions des bénéfices fournis par la forêt, alors qu'ils diffèrent dans leur perception des changements environnementaux et des moteurs de ces derniers. Les Hutsuls ukrainiens démontrent une connexion plus profonde et un lien plus fort avec la forêt en tant qu'élément essentiel de leur source de revenus. De plus, ces Hutsuls d'Ukraine sont plus dépendants des plantes médicinales de la forêt que ceux de Roumanie. Les perspectives des Hutsuls sur l'impact négatif des politiques actuelles de gestion forestière devraient devenir la pierre angulaire d'une nouvelle ébauche de plans de gestion forestière durable. Los contextos socioeconómicos y políticos desempeñan un papel important","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"393 - 410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44162226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cedars of the North Mountains: Historical Forest Culture and Practices in Modern Day Nature Policies","authors":"W. de Jong, A. F. Urushima, B. Jacquet, T. Takahashi","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941896","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS In Kitayama, north of Kyoto, Cryptomeria japonica or Japanese cedar, or sugi production has occurred for 600 years. Kitayama sugi constitutes an indispensable resource to preserve Kyoto cultural treasures such as teahouses, and a unique Sukiya-zukuri architectural style. Japan's national forest policies are not aligned with small scale Kitayama sugi production. It is necessary to seek new value chains around non-traditional services that the Kitayama complex provides to assure its durability. New and multiple value chains require policy integration across multiple policy domains that do not have a tradition to integrate easily. SUMMARY The region north of Kyoto is referred to as Kitayama, which literally translates as North Mountains. The region is the location of Cryptomeria japonica, Japanese cedar or sugi, production in Japan. Cedar logs grown there are used as pillars in the construction of buildings in a typical Japanese minimalist style, but also traditional rooms included in modern houses. Cedar was planted widely in Japan following World War II not only to rebuild the economy but also to grow raw materials to contribute to post-war housing reconstruction. In Kitayama, cedar has been grown for over 600 years and using specific silvicultural techniques by a community that has a unique cultural legacy which developed around cedar cultivation. The Kitayama sugi economic-socio-cultural-ecological complex thrived following World War II but is currently under stress. Demand for its highly priced products is declining. It is recognized in Japan and by the city of Kyoto as a valuable cultural historical heritage and efforts are being made to preserve it as such. The success of these efforts has been mixed so far. This paper reviews the Kitayama sugi economic-socio-cultural-ecological complex in order to understand how historical indigenous forestry practices change over time and how they might be dealt with in advanced societies such as Japan. Cèdres des montagnes du nord: culture et pratiques forestières historiques dans les politiques de la nature contemporainesLa région située au nord de la ville de Kyoto est connue sous le nom de Kitayama, soit «les montagnes du nord» en traduction littérale. Cette région est le lieu de production du Cryptomeria japonica, cèdre japonais ou sugi, en japonais. Les troncs des arbres qui y sont cultivés servent de poteaux dans la construction d'un style d'architecture japonaise, ainsi que dans les pièces de réception traditionnelles incluses dans les maisons modernes. Le cèdre japonais a été massivement planté au Japon après la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour reconstruire l'économie du pays, pour produire la matière première servant à la reconstruction de logements après la guerre. À Kitayama, le cèdre a été cultivé depuis plus de 600 ans par une communauté qui a développé un patrimoine culturel unique autour du cèdre et de techniques sylvicoles qui lui sont propres. Le complexe économique social culturel ","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"380 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48732713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power-Sharing between the Cree and Québec Governments in Eeyou Itschee (Québec, Canada): Sovereignties, Complexity, and Equity under the Adapted Forestry Regime of the Paix Des Braves","authors":"François-Xavier Cyr, S. Wyatt, M. Hébert","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941823","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The Adapted Forestry Regime of the Paix des Braves is a formal step forward in Indigenous/state collaboration processes. As a part of the implementation of a signed modern treaty in Canada, the AFR is a technical and collaborative process; it is nonetheless part of a power struggle between Québec and the Crees. The issue of sovereignties is at the heart of Indigenous nations/state collaborative processes. The collaborative process of the Adapted Forestry Regime produces a spiral of complexification because of the close entanglement of technical and political issues. The burden of dilemmas produced by Indigenous/State collaborative processes falls disproportionately on Indigenous parties and should be taken into account in assessing their fairness. SUMMARY The Adapted Forestry Regime (AFR) of the Paix des Braves agreement is an important stepping-stone in the long process of involving Indigenous Peoples in state management of forestlands in Canada. This paper explores the challenges raised by a process involving the Cree nation and the Québec provincial government in the implementation of a collaborative approach to forest management on Cree traditional lands. We present three key processes that have contributed to the AFR since 2002, each of which led to further agreements, committees and processes. While the Crees have obtained additional powers for forestland management through the AFR, our analysis reveals the complexity of these processes that must deal with both political and technical issues that are often closely intricated one with the other. Ultimately, it is the Crees who bear the heaviest burden of the compromises that must be made implementing this collaborative process. ᐊᓐ ᑳ ᒋᐦᒋᐸᔨᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐋ ᓇᓈᑲᒋᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐁ ᓅᑖᐦᑎᐧᑫᓈᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐊᓂᑌ ᑳ ᐅᐦᒋᐸᔨᒡ ᓛ ᐯᐃ ᑌ ᐱᕌᕝ ᑖᐧᐯ ᒌᐦᒋᐧᐁ ᐃᑌᔨᐦᑖᑯᓐ ᐧᐁᓲ ᐁᑯᑦ ᐯᒋᐦᑎᓈᑲᓂᐧᐃᐧᑖᐤ ᐃᔨᔨᐧᐊᒡ ᐧᐃᔭᐧᐋᐤ ᑲᔦ ᒉ ᒌ ᐧᐄᒋᐦᐄᐧᐁᐧᑖᐤ ᐁ ᐧᐃᔭᔑᐧᐋᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡ ᑖᓐᑌ ᒉ ᐃᐦᑑᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡ ᐊᓂᐦᐄ ᒥᔅᑎᑯᔅᑳᔨᒡ ᐊᔅᒌᐦ ᐆᑕ ᑳᓈᑖ᙮ ᐁᑯᑦ ᐆᑕ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐄᑲᓂᐦᒡ ᐧᐋᐦᑖᑯᐦᒡ ᑖᓐ ᑳ ᐃᔑ ᓂᒋᔥᑲᐦᐧᑳᐤ ᐧᐃᔭᐧᐋᐤ ᐃᔨᔨᐧᐊᒡ ᑲᔦ ᒫᒃ ᑯᐯᒃ ᑎᐯᔨᐦᒋᒉᓯᐤ ᐁᒌ ᐃᐦᑑᑕᐦᐧᑳᐤ ᒉ ᒌ ᐧᐄᒋ ᐋᐸᑎᓰᒥᑐᐧᑖᐤ ᒫᒨ ᒉ ᓇᓈᑭᒋᐦᑖᐧᑖᐤ ᓅᑖᐦᑎᐧᑫᐤ ᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓂᔨᐤ ᐊᓂᑌ ᐃᔨᔨᐤ ᐊᔅᒌᐦᒡ ᑲᔦ ᐃᔨᔨᐤ ᓂᑑᐦᐆᔅᒌᐦ᙮ ᓂᔥᑐ ᒉᐧᑳᓂᐦᐄ ᒋᐧᐋᐸᐦᑎᔭᑎᓈᓐ ᑖᓐᑌ ᐁᔑᓈᑯᐦᒡ ᐊᓐ ᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓐ ᐁ ᓇᓈᑭᒋᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐁᓅᑖᐦᑎᐧᑫᓈᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐃᔅᐱᓐ 2002 ᑳ ᐃᔅᐸᔨᒡ, ᐁᐧᐊᒄ ᒫᒃ ᐧᐁᐦᒋ ᐃᔑᓈᑯᐦᒡ ᒦᓐ ᑯᑕᒡᐦ ᓇᔅᑲᒧᐧᐃᓐᐦ ᒉ ᒌ ᐅᐦᒋ ᓂᐦᑖᐧᐃᒋᐦᐧᑳᐤᐦ ᑲᔦ ᐁ ᒫᒨᐱᔥᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐁ ᐱᒥᐸᔨᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓐ᙮ ᐋᑕ ᒫᒃ ᐁᒌ ᐱᐦᑯᐦᑎᒫᓲᐧᑖᐤ ᑲᔥᒋᐦᐅᐧᐃᓐᐦ ᒉ ᒌ ᐧᐃᔭᔑᐧᐋᑕᐦᐧᑳᐤᐦ ᑲᔦ ᐧᐃᔭᐧᐋᐤ ᑖᓐᑌ ᒉ ᐃᐦᑎᓈᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡ ᐁᐧᐄ ᓅᑖᐦᑎᐧᑫᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡ ᐊᓂᑌ ᐃᔨᔨᐤ ᐊᔅᒌᐦᒡ ᐊᓐ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑳ ᒋᐦᒋᒌᐸᔨᐦᑖᒃᓇᐃᐧᐃᒡ ᐁ ᓇᓈᑭᒋᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐁ ᓅᑖᑎᐦᐧᑫᓈᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐁᐧᐊᒄ ᑳ ᐃᔑ ᒥᔅᑯᐧᐋᐦᑖᔮᐦᒡᐃᔥᑯᑕᒃ ᑳ ᓈᓂᑑ ᒋᔅᒉᔨᐦᑕᒫᐦᒡ ᓈᔥᒡ ᐁ ᒪᒣᐦᒡ ᐃᔑᓈᑯᓐ ᐊᓐ ᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓐ ᑖᓐ ᐁ ᐃᔑ ᑖᐦᑭᐦᐄᒉᐸᔨᒡ ᐊᓂᑌ ᑎᐯᔨᐦᒋᒉᓰᓈᐦᒡ᙮ ᐧᐃᔭᐧᐋᐤ ᒫᒃ ᐃᔨᔨᐧᐊᒡ ᒫᐧᐊᒡ ᒥᔥᑎᐦᐄ ᑎᔮᑭᐦᐆᑯᐧᐊᒡ ᐁᐧᐄ ᐱᒥᐸᔨᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡ ᐆᔨᐤ ᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓂᔨᐤ᙮ Le régime forestier adapté (RFA) de la Paix des Braves est une étape importante dans le long processus d'implication des Peuples autochtones dans la gestion des forêts au Canada. Cet article explore les défis soulevés par un processus impliquant la Nation crie d'Eeyou Istchee et le gouvernement de la province de Québec dans la mise en œuvre d'une approche collaborative de la gestion fore","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"345 - 359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44394702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}