Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine)最新文献

{"title":"The problem of myopia in the practice of a family doctor","authors":"V. V. Skvortsov, R. S. Tinaeva, E. Skvortsova","doi":"10.33920/med-10-2312-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2312-05","url":null,"abstract":"Myopia (nearsightedness) is the most common type of refractive error and is a growing global public health issue affecting quality of life and work productivity. Myopia is most often associated with axial elongation of the eyeball and can be caused by both hereditary and environmental factors. The global prevalence of myopia is estimated to rise to 5 billion people by 2050, of whom nearly 1 billion people are likely to develop high myopia. Stopping the development and progression of myopia is critical as high myopia is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Despite the growing awareness of myopia, the practice of its treatment and prevention remains unchanged among practicing family physicians. The mechanism of many myopia treatments and their role in high myopia are still unclear. In the absence of any established clinical guidelines for the treatment of myopia, the best treatment strategy is to study modifiable risk factors, develop preventive strategies, and possibly integrate them with school vision screening programs.","PeriodicalId":138653,"journal":{"name":"Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139201844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver transplantation. History and prospects","authors":"A. S. Shkuta","doi":"10.33920/med-10-2311-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2311-05","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents historical aspects of and modern approaches to liver transplantation. The data on the need for liver transplantation are presented, indications for its implementation are determined, the main methods of liver transplantation from a corpse and from a living related donor, issues of immunosuppression, as well as legal and deontological problems are considered","PeriodicalId":138653,"journal":{"name":"Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine)","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139242582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","authors":"R. Stepchenkov","doi":"10.33920/med-10-2311-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2311-03","url":null,"abstract":"Steatohepatitis is a common non-infectious inflammatory disease of the liver, ranking 3rd or 4th in the structure of chronic progressive lesions of the organ. The prevalence of non-alcoholic forms of the disease in the population reaches 11–25 %. In obese patients, the pathology occurs 7 times more often than in those with normal weight. Alcoholic steatohepatitis is diagnosed in 20–30 % of patients with chronic alcoholism. The pathology occurs in all age groups, but is mainly detected after 45–50 years. The relevance of timely diagnosis of steatohepatitis is associated with a high probability of liver cirrhosis, which, in the absence of adequate therapy, develops in 45–55 % of patients","PeriodicalId":138653,"journal":{"name":"Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine)","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiopathogenesis and diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding","authors":"I. B. Kirichenko","doi":"10.33920/med-10-2311-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2311-01","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common complication of a wide range of acute or chronic diseases of the digestive system, posing a potential threat to the patient’s life. The source of bleeding can be any part of the gastrointestinal tract — the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines. In terms of frequency of occurrence in abdominal surgery, gastrointestinal bleeding ranks fifth after acute appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and strangulated hernia.","PeriodicalId":138653,"journal":{"name":"Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine)","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epilepsy in the practice of a family doctor","authors":"V. V. Skvortsov, A. A. Fastova, V. I. Panchenko","doi":"10.33920/med-10-2311-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2311-04","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease manifested by repeated attacks of disturbances in motor, sensory, mental, or psychic functions resulting from excessive neural discharges in the cerebral cortex. The disease occurs in 1 % of the world's population, mostly in children and elderly people over 65 years of age. Today, there are a number of criteria for diagnostics, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. The basic principle of epilepsy treatment is long-term regular use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in order to reduce the frequency of attacks or achieve their complete reduction in the absence of clinically significant side effects. Timely identification and correction of adverse reactions is an integral part of epilepsy treatment. The article describes the main points of support for family doctors who are faced with this disease.","PeriodicalId":138653,"journal":{"name":"Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the course of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis","authors":"K. Gulyabin","doi":"10.33920/med-10-2311-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2311-07","url":null,"abstract":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a special form of chronic progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown etiology; it occurs predominantly in elderly people, affects only the lungs, and is associated with the histological and/or radiological pattern of common interstitial pneumonia. The frequency of this pathology has been increasing in recent years. A timely diagnosis and treatment can slow down the progression of the disease and prevent the need for lung transplantation.","PeriodicalId":138653,"journal":{"name":"Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine)","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pedagogy and mentoring in medicine: history and modernity","authors":"L. Kaspruk","doi":"10.33920/med-10-2311-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2311-06","url":null,"abstract":"In Russia, the year 2023 has been declared the Year of Teachers and Mentors. Mentoring in medicine is an immanent component of professional culture, evolving in the history of medicine. The role of pedagogy and mentoring with regard to the ways to transfer medical knowledge, skills, and abilities from an experienced specialist to a beginner, and from a senior to a younger one is of paramount importance at all times. In the medical environment, a special attitude towards the teacher is demonstrated, which is recorded in many historical and medical sources. Many great doctors and researchers acted simultaneously as mentors and teachers of future doctors and as founders of medical scientific schools - from Hippocrates to N.I. Pirogov and until now. The contribution of regional medical scientific schools, the Orenburg Histological School, in particular, is relevant, given that the national healthcare and education system is built based on differential territorial systems with consistent demographic, social, and economic attributes.","PeriodicalId":138653,"journal":{"name":"Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of severe course of Sjögren's disease","authors":"Marina Leonidovna Kochieva","doi":"10.33920/med-10-2308-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2308-06","url":null,"abstract":"Sjögren's disease is a systemic disease of unknown etiology, a characteristic feature of which is a chronic autoimmune and lymphoproliferative process in the secreting epithelial glands with the development of parenchymatous sialadenitis with xerostomia and dry keratoconjunctivitis with hypolacrimia. Sjögren's syndrome is a lesion of the salivary and lacrimal glands similar to Sjögren's disease, which develops in 5-25% of patients with systemic connective tissue diseases, more often with rheumatoid arthritis, and in 50-75% of patients with chronic autoimmune liver damage (chronic autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis) and less often in other autoimmune diseases.","PeriodicalId":138653,"journal":{"name":"Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115585046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical and medical overview of treating abdominal gunshot wounds","authors":"L. Kaspruk, V. S. Tarasenko","doi":"10.33920/med-10-2308-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2308-02","url":null,"abstract":"The historical and medical review of the treatment of abdominal gunshot wounds clearly showed that the earliest data of the problem under consideration in the sources date back to the period of the Crimean War (1853-1856) [7]. The design of tactics for the treatment of abdominal wounds is presented in the historical aspect: from expectant conservative management to active surgical treatment, and to the current stage of knowledge and the level of surgery development. It has been found that this is the most severe category of patients with high rates of mortality and complications that require early and complete surgical treatment and prevention of the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The foundations for organizing surgical care for the wounded were laid by N.I. Pirogov, who devoted a separate chapter to wounds of the abdominal cavity in the Principles of General Military Field Surgery [7]. During the First World War, German, French, and Russian surgeons, completely independently of each other, advanced from conservative to surgical treatment, which was a major milestone in the evolution of the doctrine of abdominal gunshot wounds. The work of Soviet military surgeons in the field to provide assistance to the wounded in the abdomen during the war with the White Finns for the first time confirmed the possibility of a wide application of the surgical treatment method for an abdominal gunshot wound [8]. The absolute advantage of the surgical method used in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 was confirmed. The historical and medical experience of the Great Patriotic War demonstrated the greater severity of injuries of the small intestine compared to damage to the large intestine [9], which was noted by the great N.I. Pirogov [7]. The article shows that the treatment of gunshot peritonitis [10, 11, 12] remains one of the most difficult sections, even at the high modern level of development of surgery, including military field surgery. In every second case, peritonitis acquired a progressive course, which occurred with injuries in local conflicts as well, i.e. in the Afghan and Chechen campaigns [19, 24].","PeriodicalId":138653,"journal":{"name":"Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine)","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114497709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of STIs contracting through orogenital contact and prevention measures","authors":"E. Makarova, K. A. Beloshedova","doi":"10.33920/med-10-2308-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2308-01","url":null,"abstract":"Oral health is essential during oral sex, and poor oral health can increase the risk of transmitting infections and pathogens. Infections can be transmitted through contact with seminal fluid, vaginal secretions, anal secretions, saliva, and other bodily fluids. The use of condoms or female condoms during oral sex can reduce the risk of STI transmission, especially through contact with semen or vaginal secretions. Gentle barriers such as latex female condoms, plastic films, or dental dams can also be used to protect mucoumembranes from direct contact with a partner. In addition to protective equipment, maintaining oral health, regular dental visits, and being careful with oral contact if there are injuries, sores, or lesions in the mouth can reduce the risk of transmitting infections. Education and information about safer sex practices are also important in helping people make informed decisions and take care of their sexual health.","PeriodicalId":138653,"journal":{"name":"Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130572249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}