Pedagogy and mentoring in medicine: history and modernity

In Russia, the year 2023 has been declared the Year of Teachers and Mentors. Mentoring in medicine is an immanent component of professional culture, evolving in the history of medicine. The role of pedagogy and mentoring with regard to the ways to transfer medical knowledge, skills, and abilities from an experienced specialist to a beginner, and from a senior to a younger one is of paramount importance at all times. In the medical environment, a special attitude towards the teacher is demonstrated, which is recorded in many historical and medical sources. Many great doctors and researchers acted simultaneously as mentors and teachers of future doctors and as founders of medical scientific schools - from Hippocrates to N.I. Pirogov and until now. The contribution of regional medical scientific schools, the Orenburg Histological School, in particular, is relevant, given that the national healthcare and education system is built based on differential territorial systems with consistent demographic, social, and economic attributes.