International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of Thiolated Cashew Gum and Its Evaluation as an Improved Mucoadhesive Agent in Drug Delivery","authors":"P. Bandyopadhyay, A. Nayak","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of present research work were to extract cashew exudate gum (CG), perform thiolation of extracted CG, and evaluate the synthesized thiolated cashew exudate gum (TCG) as a mucoadhesive agent in designing metronidazole mucoadhesive gels and metronidazole mucoadhesive buccal discs. The CG was thiolated or thiol-modifi ed via esterifi cation utilizing thioglycolic acid and hydrochloric acid. Metronidazole mucoadhesive gels and metronidazole mucoadhesive buccal discs made of unmodifi ed CG and TCG (as mucoadhesive agent) were formulated and evaluated to reveal their bio-mucoadhesive potentials in drug delivery. The yield of thiolated product (TCG) was 56.24%, and the thiol-group content in TCG was found to be 9.06 mM of thiol group/g of CG. FTIR analysis indicated the thiolation of CG in the synthesized TCG. Both types of formulations (mucoadhesive gels and buccal discs) made of TCG exhibited excellent improved ex-vivo bio-mucoadhesion and consistent pattern of metronidazole releasing over a prolonged time. The synthesized TCG can be utilized as an improved mucoadhesive material in designing bio-mucoadhesive systems for drug delivery.","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45266110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osmotic Release Oral Tablet Formulation, Development, and Evaluation of an Anti-epileptic Drug","authors":"S. Ahmad, T. Shaikh, Jayesh Patil, Abhishek Meher, D. Chumbhale, H. Tare","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.50","url":null,"abstract":"Eff orts were attempted to create a bioequivalent Osmatic release tablet formulation of carbamazepine, with a drug release profi le comparable to that of the innovator product. Tablets were formulated using the wet granulation technique based on literature data and the innovative product’s characterization. It was discovered that the pioneer tablet had a fi lm coating. After reviewing the existing literature and patents, it was determined to use a non-infringing approach and create a fi lm-coated tablet with an equivalent bioavailability and dissolution profi le. Based of justifi cation, the optimized formulation has an F9 value of 90, which is excellent. The intention was to keep the same composition and only increase the size. Trial formulation 9’s formula and procedure fulfi lled the specifi ed physicochemical properties and dissolution profi le, which is equivalent to the reference product in various media, based on the results of several laboratory trials and evaluations. The extended-release was achieved by combining the rate-controlling polymer Natrosol 250L/Natrosol 250 H, a pH-dependent polymer, and Hypromellose. Compared to the innovator sample, the extended-release tablets were found to comply with the USP specifi cation. Stability tests on the optimised batch showed no major deviations, which is a positive result.","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45320079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Eff ect of Testosterone Gel for Patients with Poor Ovarian Response Prior to IVF Cycles: Is It really Eff ective?","authors":"E. M. Muhammed, Zainab H Al khafajy, H. Rasool","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.46","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Classically, poor women respond with old maternal age and little ovarian standby. Though, some females unpredictably have little reply to measured ovarian stimulation. Aim of the Study: To evaluate the eff ectiveness of transdermal testosterone gel (TTG) before controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in poor responders undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: An interventional prospective randomized control trial that included 60 females who were defi nite as unfortunate responders undergoing an intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedure. The population was divided into two groups. Approximately 30 patients received 10 mg TTG that was applied daily for 21 days in the cycle preceding COS for ICSI Transdermal testosterone gel (TTG) pretreatment group, while the other 30 patients are the control group. All patients were assessed for their AFC again and to begin in-vitro futilization (IVF) treatment with the beginning of the menstrual cycle. Serum testosterone was measured again in the study group. The primary outcome is the number of retrieved oocytes while the secondary outcome is the number and quality of embryos transferred, chemical gestation rate. Results: No important diff erences in sociodemographic features between both groups compared. Also there was an increase in total number of oocytes in the study group but again, this diff erence was statically non-signifi cant. Although the total dose of gonadotrophin (GT) and the duration of stimulation days were less in study group but this was statically non-signifi cant. No diff erences experiential regarding number and grading of embryos, chemical pregnancy rate nor clinical pregnancy rate. Conclusion: Pretreatment of transdermal testosterone at a dose of 10 mg/day for 21 days not upsurge the number of oocyte retrieved nor the number of embryos or pregnancy rate to a signifi cant level in poor responders undergoing ICSI","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45333653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Protective Potential eff ect of Metformin during Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity through Nrf2 Activation","authors":"Safa H Mohsin, I. Arif, Muthanna I Hameed","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-para-aminophenol [APAP]) is the most commonly used medication for the relief of pain and fever around the world. Although APAP is safe and eff ective at a therapeutic level, acute overdose causes hepatotoxicity and severe liver damage. The hepatotoxicity induced by APAP is a persistent global problem that results in hepatotoxicity cases; acute liver failure and even death worldwide. This toxicity is characterized by extensive oxidant stress which consequently causes hepatocyte cell death. On the other hand, scientifi c studies have proven that MET shows hepatoprotective eff ect against hepatotoxicity induced by APAP through numerous mechanisms, e.g., antioxidant activity that alleviate the hepatotoxicity by activating Nrf2 pathway. The activation of Nrf2 pathway is anticipated to protect cells from oxidative stress that forms during hepatotoxicity. The benefi cial of using MET to protect against hepatotoxicity after APAP has been performed in an in-vitro experiment using Hep2G cell culture. However, up to our knowledge non, an in-vivo study (experimental animal) has been used to approve the benefi t of MET. Justifi cation: Nrf2 pathway activation by MET is one of the most important issues that need to be explained and followed up in laboratory animals since it has been previously studied in-vitro. Our study focuses on studying Nrf2 pathway in-vivo, since the results of in-vivo study are more relevant and similar to that of human beings. Aim of the study: To examine the possible stimulant eff ect of MET on Nrf2 pathway in experimental animals and its role in protecting the liver from oxidative stress that formed during APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Methodology: Twenty-four wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups (six rats/Grp). Grp1; normal saline orally, Grp2; toxic dose of APAP (1000 mg/kg) orally; Grp3; 200 mg/kg of MET ip after 1-hour of APAP (1000 mg/kg) orally, Grp 4; 200 mg/kg MET ip for 24 hours. Then sera from experimental animals were collected for subsequent assessments of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activities. Liver tissue was harvested to detect the expression of keap1 which is the negative regulator of Nrf2, and HO-1 and GST A1, which are related to Nrf2 pathway, by western blotting technique. Results: The results were showed a signifi cant elevation in ALT and AST activities in APAP treated group while MET normalized these biomarkers (AST and ALT). Western blotting assay showed that keap1 expression increased in APAP-treated animals while MET showed a signifi cant decrement in keap1 expression. The expression of antioxidant proteins HO-1 and GST A1 are decreased signifi cantly in APAP-treated animals while increased signifi cantly by MET treatment. Conclusion: The present results demonstrated that MET has a hepatoprotective eff ect in experimental animals against hepatotoxicity induced by APAP through activating Nrf2 pathway.","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48831365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Investigation and Pharmacological Activity of Solidago canadensis L. against H1N1 Virus, involving the Separation and Identifi cation of Three New Compounds","authors":"Hayder Hasan, Enas J Kadhim","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.28","url":null,"abstract":"Solidago canadensis L. (S. canadensis) is a member of the Asteraceae family, which comprises over a 100 species. The aerial portion of S. canadensis was defatted by maceration in hexane for 24 hours; the defatted plant components were extracted for 24 hours using a Soxhlet apparatus and aqueous ethanol 85%, and then fractionated by diff erent solvents. The ethyl acetate, and chloroform fractions were examined using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). The examination revealed the presence of several phenolics, coumarins, and fl avonoid compounds. Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC) was utilized to isolate several compounds. Eugenol-o-glucoside, 2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, and 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (Hircinol) have been isolated and identifi ed in the plant for the fi rst time. High-throughput cytopathic eff ect (CPE) inhibitory tests for the H1N1 virus on vero cells were developed to investigate new potential antiviral agents. A crystal violet uptake assay was used to measure the cytotoxic and antiviral eff ects. The polyphenols in the ethyl acetate fraction showed high antiviral activities against H1N1 with a selective index (SI) = estimated CC50/estimated IC50 = 23.6. Consequently, the tested samples are good candidates for further experiments as anti-infl uenza H1N1","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69540863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination and Isolation of Valuable Bioactive Compound (lupeol) from Portulacaria afra Jacq.","authors":"Ali H H AL-temimi, Enas J Kadhum","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.30","url":null,"abstract":"Portulacaria afra is a small succulent tree, previously belonging to the Portulacaceae family, but with further studies, the plant transferred to the Didieracea family. P. afra was used as an ornamental, vegetable, and ethnomedicinal plant. Uses of the plant by rural South Africans to treat chronic skin conditions and rashes, alleviate exhaustion, and aid in treating TB and diarrhea have been documented in folklore. According to pharmaceutical research, plant extracts off er a wide range of remedial outcomes, such as antidiabetic, antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-infl ammatory. The study aims to determine some bioactive constituents responsible for pharmacological activities and traditional usefulness. Thinlayer chromatography (TLC) is used for detecting lupeol by specifi c reagents; a p-anisaldehyde sulfuric acid reagent and 10% methanolic sulfuric acid. And high-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect pentacyclic triterpenoids (lupeol) in the n-hexane. The lupeol was isolated by preparative layer chromatography (PLC). Testing the effi cacy of the separation method, the isolated compounds have been identifi ed and characterized by diff erent chromatographic and chemical analyses (TLC, ATR-FTIR, LC-CMS-APCI+, and 1H-NMR).\u0000","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47253087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacobotanical Application of Ricinus communis Seed Oil in Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Emulgel for the Treatment of Psoriasis","authors":"Sujit Pathare, Snehal S. Babar, Manoj Tare, Dwarkadas Baheti, H. Tare, Nitin Deshmukh, Vijay Sable","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.45","url":null,"abstract":"Infl ammatory and immune-mediated skin disease, psoriasis. It’s common for psoriasis to be seen in people all over the globe. Drugs are most eff ectively delivered through the topical route for treating skin conditions. An attempt was made to increase the eff ectiveness of topical treatment for psoriasis by using emulgel compositions containing Ricinus communis seed oil. In order to create the gel, the extract was mixed with liquid paraffi n, olive and coconut oils, and Carbopol 936 and 940 gelling agents. The viscosity and glossiness of the emulgel were achieved using herbal extracts. When tested for physicochemical criteria, the developed formulations were found to be acceptable in every way. These fi ndings imply that topical gel therapy for psoriasis is becoming more eff ective. Due to the emulgel improved penetration, the herbal gel has more eff ectiveness.","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48313993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Studying Biological Activity of Heterocyclic Compounds","authors":"R. N. Atiya, Zahraa. L. Razzaq, W. I. Yahya, Helen M Neamah","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.31","url":null,"abstract":"Heterocyclic moiety was mentioned to present diverse biological activities such as inhibitors of protein glycation, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antituberculosis, antioxidant, and as antiviral agents, in addition to other biological activities; therefore, many medicines containing heterocyclic moiety have been observed. Due to the pharmacological importance of heterocyclic derivatives, the present work comes as attempt to synthesis of heterocyclic compound involved (tetrazole and pyrazole rings) by series of steps starting from pyrimidin-2-amine, which reacted with 2-chloroacetyl chloride gave compound (1) [2-chloro-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl) acetamide], then the refl ex reaction of the compound (1) with the hydrazine hydrate in ethanol led to compound (2) [2-hydrazinyl-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)acetamide], the last one reacted with acetyl acetone to form pyrazole ring compound (3) [2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)acetamide]. In other line another pyrazole derivative was prepared by diazotization of pyrimidin-2-amine with NaNO2/HCl to azo derivative compound (4), which is reacted with acetyl acetone gave compound (5) [3-(2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)hydrazono)pentane-2,4-dione] to react with hydrazine gave pyrazole moiety compound (6) [(2-((1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)pyrimidine]. Pyrimidin-2-amine was reacted with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in ethanol and glacial acetic acid gave Schiff base compound (7) , which reacted with sodium azide in dioxane to form tetrazole ring compound (8) [4-(1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenol]. The spectroscopic techniques were used to confi rmed the chemical structures are FTIR, 1H-NMR. The biological study of pyrazole and tetrazole derivative was evaluated as anti-bacterial against gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae), gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis) and as anti-fungal against the Candida trichomonas and Candida dubliniensis in concentration 25, 75, 50, and 100 mg/mL. It was found that pyrazole and tetrazole derivative have biological activity against the bacteria and fungi where the tetrazole ring has biological eff ect more than pyrazole ring.","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43909754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Preliminary Antimicrobial and Antiinfl ammatory Evaluation of New Ibuprofen Hydrazide Derivatives","authors":"Z. D. Kamms, Mohammed K. Hadi","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.61","url":null,"abstract":"Non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory medicines (NSAIDs) are medicines that are distributed widely across the world due to their ability to reduce pain and infl ammation. In order to boost the drug’s effi cacy and reduce its harmful side eff ect like GIT ulcers and bleeding, a newly synthesized series of 25-(1-(4-isobutylphenyl) ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol derivatives compounds (C, C 1-3) were prepared from the reaction of ibuprofen hydrazide with carbon disulfi de followed by reaction with various Aryl/ alkyl halide. All target compounds were tested for antimicrobial effi cacy against various strains of bacteria (G+ve, S. pyrogenes and S. aureus) and (G-ve, E. coli and 1Klebsiella pneumoniae). Additionally, fungus species (Candida albicans). Compound C showed good antimicrobial activity for both bacterial strains. At the same time, Compound C1 have the best ant-bacterial activity compared with other synthesized compounds for1 both (G+ve), and (G-ve) bacteria, and compound C3 was the most aff ected one as antifungal. The compound C2 was with lowest antimicrobial activity. All of the produced compounds were examined for their anti-infl ammatory activity using (egg-white generate edema) and the compounds (C, C1, C3) showed good effi cacy when compared to ibuprofen (stander) FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy were used to analyze all of the fi nal products.","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48846673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Citronella Oil (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) Cream for Acne Treatment","authors":"T. L. Nareswari, Fidela O Vrince, Erga Syafi Tri","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.67","url":null,"abstract":"Acne is a prevalent skin disorder that aff ects 80–85% of teenagers globally. Citronella oil is one of the natural compounds that has been known to potentially treat acne, but its application is limited due to its greasiness and uncomfortable sensation on skin. This study aimed to optimize the concentration of cetyl alcohol as a viscosity enhancer that can produce a physically stable cream preparation and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the optimized formula against Propionibacterium acnes. Following the emulsifi cation process, the physical characteristics of the fi ve cream formulas, including organoleptic, homogeneity, emulsion type, pH, adhesion, specifi c gravity, viscosity, and stability were evaluated. Formula 3 (F3), cream formulation with 6% cetyl alcohol having physical characteristics of a white homogeneous cream with a pronounced lemongrass scent, emulsion type o/w, pH of 6.30 ± 0.02, adhesion of 16.85 ± 0.58 s, a specifi c gravity of 1.031 ± 0.009 g/mL, and viscosity of 4418 ± 182 m Pas was chosen as the optimized formula. F3 was then subjected to antibacterial testing against P. acne and showed a 9.35 mm inhibition zone. Cream-based citronella oil, therefore, becomes a promising preparation for acne treatment","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43022359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}