{"title":"Development of the Formulation and Evaluation of the Anti-arthritic Activity of Vitex negundo Gel and Latex","authors":"Jeevan R. Rajguru, M. Shirsat, Sampat D Navale","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"The important oil is Vitex negundo Linn. It is used in the treatment of eye diseases, toothache, infl ammation, leukoplakia, splenomegaly, skin ulcers, catarrh, rheumatoid arthritis, gonorrhea and bronchitis. It is also used as a tonic, insect repellent, galactagogue, menstrual agent, antibacterial, antipyretic and antihistamine. The plant component arrangements of V. negundo, are used commercially in a variety of Ayurvedic medicines and ointments for the treatment of a variety of ailments including rheumatism, arthritis, gout, cervical spondylitis, infl ammatory musculoskeletal, hemorrhoids (hemorrhoids), painful wounds, painful wounds. wounds, painful sores, burns and fungal infections of the skin. From the in vitro diff usion of drugs, we concluded that Emulgel composed of HPMC polymers can control drug secretion for a long time, which helps to prevent more fl uctuation and also reduces the cost of treatment. Due to the advantages of latex for improved spreadability, adhesion, viscosity, and extrudability, this new type of drug delivery is gaining popularity, besides systemic action, the local topical utility of hydrophobic dispensers is also of interest.","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47281854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TRP Channels as Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Neurological Disorders","authors":"A. Mazumder, Tanya Singh, V. Prabhakar, A. Kanda","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.70","url":null,"abstract":"Neurological disorders like Parkinson disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), epilepsy, stroke, schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, etc., are increasingly recognized as signifi cant causes of death and disability globally. All these neurological disorders have several similar causes, such as disturbance in Ca2+ homeostasis and misfolded proteins deposition in the brain through impairing the function of a no. of ion channels, including TRP channels. TRP channels superfamily consists of a broad collection of non-selective Ca2+ permeable channels that plays a crucial role in regulating intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. These channels function as cellular sensors and are stimulated by a variety of physio-chemical stimulus, and endogenous and exogenous ligands. Numerous neuronal diseases are caused by disturbances in the activity of TRP channels, which are abundantly expressed in neuronal cells. When the activity of TRP channels is disturbed under pathological conditions, there is disruption of the homeostasis of neurons via oxidative stress, Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, these channels act as promising therapeutic candidates for pharmacological interventions in several neurological disorders. Thus within this review, we emphasize the function of TRP channels in neurological disorders and highlight the pharmacological modulators that target TRP channels","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43567612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eff ectiveness of Combined Oral and Topical Ivermectin Compared to Topical Treatments in Patients with Scabies","authors":"Zubaidah A Al-Asadi, Khalil I. Al-Hamdi, J. Ahmed","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Scabies is a common parasitic skin infestation transmitted mainly through direct skin contact. Permethrin was considered the standard treatment; however, due to increasing resistance against permethrin, recent research investigates the eff ect of other topical preparations like ivermectin as an alternative treatment. Aim of the study: This study aim to evaluate the effi cacy and safety of ivermectin whether its topical alone or combined with oral form of ivermectin in the same time on scabietic lesions compared to permethrin. Patient and method: 236 patients with uncomplicated scabies participated in the study. The study population was selected and divided randomly into three groups. The fi rst group received permethrin, the second group received topical ivermectin, and the third group received a combination of topical and oral ivermectin. Each patient received two doses one week apart. The patients were followed up for the fi rst, second, and fourth week of treatment. Results: At the fi rst week, the group who received the combination of treatments has a signifi cant decrease in both severity of itching and number of lesions, the reduction percentage is (77.6, 53.9%), respectively compared to (61.8, 55.2%) with topical ivermectin and ( 8.3, 19% ) with permethrin. At the 4th week, 15.8% of patients in the combination treatment group reported severe itching, signifi cantly lower than the corresponding values in the other groups. Conclusion: The combination of topical and oral ivermectin is safe and more eff ective than topical ivermectin or permethrin alone. It achieves a remarkable eff ect in the fi rst week.","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46366947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Instantly-soluble Solid Eye Drop for Glaucomatous Patients","authors":"Ahed R Hameed, A. D. H. Al-Shohani","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.58","url":null,"abstract":"For the treatment of glaucoma eye drops are chronically used. However, chronic use of preservatives in eye drops cause irritation problem and aff ects ocular tissues. The aim is to formulate an instant soluble solid eye drop to avoid using preservatives since solid dosage forms do not require preservation. Ocular mini-tablets of dorzolamide hydrochloride (DZ) and timolol maleate (TM) were prepared by direct compression using diff erent polymers and were evaluated for their physical properties. The release DZ and TM was compared to COSOPT eye drops. Formulation F2 mini-tablets (which contain DZ, TM, mannitol and microcrystalline cellulose MCC) were chosen as the optimum formula because they had uniform shape and minimum variation in weight 9.69 ± 0.55 mg. Thickness and diameter were 1.38 ± 1.28 and 3.01 ± 0.03 mm, respectively, within the acceptable limits. Hardness and friability were also within the permissable range which were 4.14 ± 0.22 kg/cm2 for hardness and 0.73% ± 0.05 for friability. The drug content for both DZ and TM were within the acceptable limits and the release had no signifi cant diff erence (p > 0.05) compared to commercial eye drop and the mini-tablets dissolved completely with less than one minute. The FTIR and DSC revealed no interaction between the drugs and excipients used. Sterilization using gamma radiation was performed to test the animal’s mini-tablets. The radiation did not signifi cantly (p > 0.05) alter any properties of F2 and no signs of irritation on the animal eye appeared. In conclusion, instant soluble solid eye drop in the form of mini-tablet was successfully prepared by direct compression method and caused no irritation when tested on animals","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45594901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Ainurofi, Amalia Daryati, Faradisania A Murtadla, Fatimatus Salimah, Nila M Akbar, Rizka A Faizun
{"title":"The Use of Natural and Synthetic Polymers in the Formulation of Gastro retentive Drug Delivery System","authors":"Ahmad Ainurofi, Amalia Daryati, Faradisania A Murtadla, Fatimatus Salimah, Nila M Akbar, Rizka A Faizun","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.69","url":null,"abstract":"The gastric emptying process drastically reduces the bioavailability of drugs that target the stomach for their action. A gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) becomes a solution to retain drugs in the stomach and release drugs from the formulation system within a certain period. The polymer used in the GRDDS formulation is the essential excipient that can retain the drugs in the stomach. Several ways for GRDDS to maintain its existence in the stomach are using some systems, such as mucoadhesive, low-density, high-density, swellable, eff ervescent, and expandable systems. A polymer is a macromolecular substance with a long repeating chain consisting of natural and synthetic polymers, each with diff erent potentials. It is considered for its ability to regulate drug release, good fl ow properties, can improve drug dissolution to improve bioavailability and stability during processing in the body. Combining natural and synthetic polymers is often carried out to obtain advantages and cover the existing polymer’s disadvantages. Polymers can release drugs using three diff erent mechanisms, i.e., diff usion, degradation, and expansion. These techniques are often chosen for the formulation of GRDDS because of their more fl exible system and fi t for almost all types of GRDDS. The polymer used in the GRDDS system is chosen from its physicochemical properties and the number of fl oating times, drug release rate, viscosity, fl oating lag times, bioavailability, and solubility.","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45221366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bioactive Secondary Metabolites Extracted from Some Species of Candida Isolated from Women Infected with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis","authors":"Khutam J. Hassan, Ali A. Kasim","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.42","url":null,"abstract":"Candida spp. are well known for their impact on our life as opportunistic pathogens and can produce secondary metabolites, which are an interesting source of high-value chemicals and are often diffi cult to synthesize chemically. Some of these metabolites are already being used as active antimicrobials or pharmaceuticals. GC-MS analysis of chemical compounds was conducted in ethyl acetate of fi ve Candida species (C. parapsilosis, C. albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata and C. kefyr). The results showed that about 249 chemical compounds were detected from all tested Candida species. Fifteen bioactive compounds identifi ed in secondary metabolites of all tested species. Benzene, pentamethyl, n-hexadecanoic acid, 1-docosene and bis(2-ethylhexyl) produced by C. parapsilosis, C. albicans, C. krusei and C. glabrata. All tested Candida except C. krusei produced 3buten- 1-ol and ethyl acetoacetate ethylene acetal. Benzen, 2-ethenyl-1,3-dimethyl- a compound found in four tested Candida except C. albicans, benezene, (1-ethyl-1-propenyl)- produced by all species except C. glabrata, acetic acid, cyclohexyl ester produced by C. parapsilosis, C. albicans and C. glabrata.","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45508327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Formulation and Characterization of Raloxifene loaded Biodegradable Polymeric Nanomicelles","authors":"Pooja Dave, Chetan M. Detroja","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.24","url":null,"abstract":"Raloxifene has been used to treat breast cancer; nevertheless, it has poor water solubility and a low bioavailability fraction because higher fi rst-pass metabolism hinders its application raloxifene nano micelles by using PLGA50:50 to enhance solubility and bioavailability. The solvent evaporation technique was used to prepare polymeric nano-micelles. Ral-loaded polymeric micelles had a zeta potential of - 0.71 mV, implying a practically neutral surface charge. Blank micelles and RAL-loaded micelles had similar average sizes of 84.29 nm and 95.41 nm, respectively. The drug encapsulating and drug loading capacity was found to be 16.08 ± 0.34% and drug loading 5.04 ± 0.002% (w/w), respectively. An in-vitro study illustrates a 95.10% sustained release drug profi le for 120 hours.","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49403149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Controlled Release Levetiracetam Loaded Eudragits Microspheres for Oral Drug Delivery: Preparation and Evaluation","authors":"Arshed A Khalid, W. Ali","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.26","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to prepare controlled release microspheres loaded with levetiracetam (LEV) for oral use that will have a targeted release site, thus reducing dose frequency and improving patient compliance. Levetiracetam is a 2nd generation antiepileptic medication with a T/half-life of 7 hours that is administered twice daily, which makes it suitable for formulation that will reduce dosing intake. The microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation method using Eudragit E100, L100, and S100 polymers as matrix core polymers at diff erent ratios 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 with levetiracetam. These polymers have diff erent pH sensitivity profi les, which will aid the release of levetiracetam in a controlled manner along the gastrointestinal tract. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for yield percentage, entrapment effi ciency (EE%), morphological characteristics and in-vitro release profi le. The yield percentage and EE% for the formulation at diff erent ratios ranged from 69–99%. The in-vitro release analysis showed favorable targeted release of the drug at specifi c pH ranges matching specifi c sites in the gastrointestinal tract.","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46578184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Infl uences of Nitrogen, Magnesium and Soil Moisture Contents and their Interactions on Yield Quality and Tolerance Indices of Rosemary (Rosmarinus offi cinalis L.)","authors":"Nahla M. A. Khaleel, A. Sarmamy","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.62","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out in the glasshouse of the Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University- Erbil, and laboratories of Research Center in Erbil Polytechnic University, from April 21st, 2019 to July 26th, 2020, to determine the eff ects of foliar application of nitrogen (N1:100, N2:200, and N3:300 kg. h-1) and magnesium (Mg1:0.0, Mg 2:30, and Mg3:60 kg. h-1) applied under two diff erent soil moisture contents (SM1:100% fi eld capacity (FC) and SM2: 60% FC) on some physiological properties and yield quality of rosemary plants (Rosmarinus offi cinalis L.). A factorial experiment was laid out according to a completely randomized design with four replications. Two cuttings were taken from the rosemary shoots (in March, and July, 2020). Results showed that SM2 decreased phenolic compounds in cut 1 (cut 1), dry matter percent in leaves in cut 2 and relative nitrogen yield in cut 1, cut 2 & cut 1+2. N3 increased dry matter in leaves shoots in cut2 signifi cantly, proline, phenolic compounds in leaves, stress tolerance index (STI), modifi ed stress tolerance index 1(MSTIK1), & modifi ed stress tolerance index 2 (MSTIK2). The interaction treatment SM2Mg2 increased the proline content in dry leaves. The proline content was increased by the triple interactions SM2N3Mg2 and SM2N3Mg3.","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47585100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protective Eff ects of Aqueous Cranberry Fruit Extract against Genotoxicity Induced by Cisplatin in Mice Bone Marrow Cells","authors":"Baidaa I Mohammed, N. Al-Shawi, A. F. Hasan","doi":"10.25258/ijddt.13.1.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.64","url":null,"abstract":"The cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) is a North American native fruit and contains a very wide variety of phytochemicals which has several benefi cial eff ects on humans. Aim: The study was designed to assess the protective eff ect of cranberry fruit extract on selected genotoxic parameters induced by cisplatin in mice’s bone marrow. Methods: 56 male albino mice were randomLy divided into two equal numbers (28 mice)/for each part of the study [Part one: for the evaluation of chromosomal aberrations and the mitotic index; and Part two: for the evaluation of micronucleus index]; and for each part, mice were randomLy divided into 4 groups: Group I [negative Control/orally-administered normal saline]; Group II [Orally-administered cranberry fruit extract alone]; Group III [Single IP injection of cisplatin]; Group IV [Orally-administered cranberry fruits extract followed by a single IP injection of cisplatin]. Results: Treatment with cisplatin signifi cantly-increased total chromosomal aberration (0.159 ± 0.006) and micronucleus appearance (9.740 ± 0.531) but, it has a signifi cant decrease in mitotic index (6.020 ± 0.589) compared to that in negative control bone marrow cells. In addition, results showed that there were signifi cant changes in the total chromosomal aberration, micronucleus appearance, and mitotic index among the Groups (II, III, IV) (0.093 ± 0.015; 0.159 ± 0.006; 0.117 ± 0.002), (5.940 ± 0.568; 9.740 ± 0.531; 8.000 ± 0.479) and (8.720 ± 0.432; 6.020 ± 0.589; 7.480 ± 0.664), respectively in bone marrow cells. Conclusion: Cisplatin produced a pronounced eff ect on total chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus appearance, and mitotic index; and the cranberry fruit extract confers a protective eff ect against cisplatin-induced genotoxicity in mice.","PeriodicalId":13851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47807431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}