{"title":"An insight into the thermal processability of highly bioactive borosilicate glasses through kinetic approach","authors":"Anustup Chakraborty, Subhadip Bodhak, Atiar Rahaman Molla, Kalyandurg Annapurna, Kaushik Biswas","doi":"10.1111/ijag.16633","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijag.16633","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paucity of crystallization resistant bioactive glasses with desired biological functions stands as a bottleneck toward the fabrication of various biomedical constructs such as amorphous coatings, scaffolds, and fibers for advanced tissue engineering applications. In this context, a series of borosilicate-based bioactive glasses with a range of compositions: (53.88 − <i>x</i>)SiO<sub>2</sub>–21.7Na<sub>2</sub>O–21.7CaO–1.7P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>–<i>x</i>B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (mol%) where <i>x</i> = 0, 13.47, 22.45, 31.43, and 40.41 were prepared to address such limitation. The glasses were primarily investigated for their potential to be processed into amorphous scaffolds through evaluation of crystallization kinetics, sintering behavior, and viscosity–temperature dependence. The inclusion of B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> gradually reduces the activation energy of crystallization (<i>E<sub>a</sub></i>), according to the prediction from different kinetic models, whereas Friedman's model-free method unraveled the variation in <i>E<sub>a</sub></i> as crystallization progresses. The crystallization event is further elucidated by obtaining the Avrami parameter (<i>n</i>) and dimensionality (<i>m</i>) through Matusita–Sakka equation. The optimization of the sintering schedule for amorphous scaffold preparation was accomplished by exploiting isothermal prediction from Avrami–Erofeev model. Moreover, viscosity–temperature relationship for the studied glasses was established to identify the processing window for drawing and sintering. This study proposes a comprehensive approach adopting theoretical models to elucidate suitable high-temperature process parameters of bioactive glasses avoiding devitrification.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"14 4","pages":"534-548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42078408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pavel Ferkl, Pavel Hrma, Jaroslav Kloužek, Albert A. Kruger, Richard Pokorný
{"title":"Effect of material properties on batch-to-glass conversion kinetics","authors":"Pavel Ferkl, Pavel Hrma, Jaroslav Kloužek, Albert A. Kruger, Richard Pokorný","doi":"10.1111/ijag.16631","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijag.16631","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A recently developed model of the cold cap—the reacting glass batch (melter feeds) floating on molten glass in an electric glass melter—couples heat transfer with the feed-to-glass conversion kinetics. The model allows for determining the distributions of temperature and various properties within the cold cap. In the present study, this model is applied to four melter feeds designed for high-level and low-activity nuclear wastes. Profiles of temperature, conversion degree, cold cap porosity and density, condensed matter velocity, and heating rate were determined using the material properties of the cold cap. Effects of vigorous foaming at the cold cap bottom were considered. Density, thermal conductivity, and glass production rate strongly affect the cold cap thickness and the fraction of undissolved silica entering the melt under the cold cap. The heating rate profile in the cold cap is highly nonlinear, with high heating rates observed in the foam layer.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"14 4","pages":"491-501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijag.16631","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45125774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toward controllable material removal of glass–ceramic surface for low-deformation machining","authors":"Huaicheng Zhou, Chengqiang Feng, Yu Lin, Jian Gao, Bingjun Yu, Linmao Qian","doi":"10.1111/ijag.16630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.16630","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to its extremely high optical uniformity and excellent hot stability, glass–ceramic serves as a key material for ultraprecision imaging of lithography lens, and low-deformation machining is of significance for achieving high-quality surface. Aiming at controllable processing, the annealing of different nanoscratches on glass–ceramic was investigated for revealing the mechanism of material removal and damage repair. The volume change of the single-pass nanoscratch under various normal loads and sliding velocities before and after the annealing was calculated for quantifying the contribution of shear flow, densification, and residual stress to the material removal, respectively. It is found that ductile removal under high normal load or low sliding velocity is dominated by shear flow, thereby improving removal efficiency and reducing machining deformation and defects caused by densification and residual stress. The changes of microstructures beneath the scratches before and after annealing further reveal that the excess processing energy will be absorbed in glass–crystal interface and form micro-cracks on crystal surface. For comparison, brittle removal under variable cycles was simulated by multi-pass nanoscratches, and it reveals that the shear flow ratio raises gradually with the increase of cycle number. These findings provide theoretical guidance for ultraprecision processing of glass–ceramic surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"14 4","pages":"549-558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50133710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaime L. George, Pavel Ferkl, Jose Marcial, Tongan Jin, Pavel Hrma, Albert A. Kruger
{"title":"Glass transition temperature of low-activity waste nuclear glasses","authors":"Jaime L. George, Pavel Ferkl, Jose Marcial, Tongan Jin, Pavel Hrma, Albert A. Kruger","doi":"10.1111/ijag.16629","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijag.16629","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The glass transition temperature (<i>T</i><sub>g</sub>) is a parameter used in many glass melt viscosity models as it denotes a temperature around which liquid-glass transition occurs. In this work, <i>T</i><sub>g</sub> values were measured for a series of low-activity waste (LAW) glasses using differential scanning calorimetry. These data were combined with <i>T</i><sub>g</sub> data of other waste glasses available from literature. The combined dataset, consisting of 137 data points, was used for the development of several models to estimate <i>T</i><sub>g</sub> from glass composition. When testing the number of influential components and different supervised learning methods, we demonstrated that using more than 10 components or using non-linear methods brought marginal improvement to the model accuracy. The best model predicts <i>T</i><sub>g</sub> of both LAW and high-level waste glasses with reasonable accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"14 3","pages":"399-407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41477263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Insights on surface analysis techniques to study glass primary packaging","authors":"Giovanna Pintori, Serena Panighello, Odra Pinato, Elti Cattaruzza","doi":"10.1111/ijag.16628","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijag.16628","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the forming process of a vial by tubing glass, temperatures of up to 1200°C are applied to adjust the glass viscosity. This process causes the release of volatile components such as alkali borates. Consequently, the percentage of sodium and boron measured on the inner surface of the vial can be higher than that measured on the corresponding glass tube. This study aimed to characterize the inner surface of two different borosilicate glass tubes of type I before and after the vial forming process at the nanoscale level. Quantitative elemental analysis of the surface along the vertical axis of glass tubes and vials was performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, whereas the topographical investigation was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the near-bottom region of a vial, which is usually the area most prone to corrosion, the SEM micrographs showed the appearance of bulges on the surface. The latter were then analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to characterize their molecular composition. The purpose of this work is to identify possible new strategies for faster identification of factors that eventually influence chemical resistance of pharmaceutical glasses and to provide useful information needed to improve industrial processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"14 3","pages":"468-479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43894858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan Baborák, Maureen Yembele, Petr Vařák, Sandra Ory, Emmanuel Véron, Michael J. Pitcher, Mathieu Allix, Pavla Nekvindová, Alessio Zandonà
{"title":"Key melt properties for controlled synthesis of glass beads by aerodynamic levitation coupled to laser heating","authors":"Jan Baborák, Maureen Yembele, Petr Vařák, Sandra Ory, Emmanuel Véron, Michael J. Pitcher, Mathieu Allix, Pavla Nekvindová, Alessio Zandonà","doi":"10.1111/ijag.16627","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijag.16627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Binary alkali silicate glasses were synthesized as beads by aerodynamic levitation coupled to laser heating to test the applicability of the method to this compositional range. While bubble-free lithium disilicate beads could be easily obtained, sodium and potassium silicates proved more challenging to melt without significant alkali evaporation: the final samples contained bubbles and exhibited compositional drifts compared to the starting stoichiometry, especially at high SiO<sub>2</sub> content. The risk of volatilization from the melts was evaluated empirically: the volatility of each oxide component scaled to the ratio between its melting temperature <i>T<sub>m</sub></i> and the <i>T<sub>m</sub></i> of the target composition (<i>r<sub>evap</sub></i>), while the difference between such ratios (<i>Δ<sub>evap</sub></i>) provided a qualitative estimation of the risk of differential evaporation. The formulated approach enables to evaluate the suitability of aerodynamic levitation synthesis for a given target glass composition: while low melting temperature and low liquidus viscosity (<i>η</i> < 10<sup>0</sup> Pa s) represent the primary optimal conditions, more viscous materials can still be prepared without major compositional drifts using a more careful melting procedure, especially if <i>r<sub>evap</sub></i> and <i>Δ<sub>evap</sub></i> are minimized.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"14 3","pages":"455-467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijag.16627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46703473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noah Burke, Panagiotis Panoutsopoulos, Otto J. Gregory
{"title":"An optical technique based on silicate glass sintering for temperature mapping","authors":"Noah Burke, Panagiotis Panoutsopoulos, Otto J. Gregory","doi":"10.1111/ijag.16625","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijag.16625","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thermal paints have been used for decades by the gas turbine engine community to map surface temperature with low resolution. A novel thermal paint based on the sintering of a lead-silicate glass powder was developed that can map maximum temperature with high resolution (±5°C) over a 60°C range beginning at the glass transition temperature (<math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>T</mi>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>${T}_g$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>). The paint exhibited excellent adhesion to nickel-based superalloy components due to similar coefficients of thermal expansion between the superalloy and glassy ceramic coating. An optical transition was qualitatively and quantitatively observed using scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) reflectance spectroscopy, and visual inspection. UV-VIS reflectance spectroscopy was used to confirm the optical transition observed by the naked eye and quantitatively assess the transition of the thermal paint with high resolution. This technique for obtaining high resolution experimental temperature maps can aid the performance, efficiency, and reliability of gas turbine engines.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"14 2","pages":"167-172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46845693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tina Tasheva, Ruzha Harizanova, Irena Mihailova, Zara Cherkezova-Zheleva, Daniela Paneva, Milena Nedkova, Christian Rüssel
{"title":"Structure and redox ratio of soda-lime-silica glasses with high iron oxide concentrations","authors":"Tina Tasheva, Ruzha Harizanova, Irena Mihailova, Zara Cherkezova-Zheleva, Daniela Paneva, Milena Nedkova, Christian Rüssel","doi":"10.1111/ijag.16626","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijag.16626","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The high temperature synthesis of glasses in the system (100-x)(0.16Na<sub>2</sub>O/0.10CaO/0.74SiO<sub>2</sub>)/xFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, <i>x</i> = 5 ÷ 20 mol% is reported. For Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> concentrations ≤15 mol%, glasses are formed while the sample with 20 mol% crystallizes during cooling the melt. X-ray diffraction shows the crystallization of magnetite. The microstructure of the glass-crystalline sample is investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and two types of iron-rich crystals corresponding to magnetite and hematite are detected. The refractive indices as determined by the Becke line method are in the 1.567 - 1.639 range and. increase with increasing Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> concentration. The structure is characterized using Infra-red spectroscopy. The presence of symmetric stretching, asymmetric stretching and bending vibrations of Si-O-Si is detected and attributed to the occurrence of SiO<sub>4</sub> tetrahedral units with varying numbers of nonbridging oxygens. Also, the increasing Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> concentration results in occurrence of Fe-O-Si bonds indicating the glass network depolymerization due to Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> addition. In all samples, the presence of Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Fe<sup>2+</sup> and the existence of iron ions in tetrahedral and octahedral coordination, as well as a very small amount of Fe<sup>0</sup> and the precipitation of hematite and magnetite in the glass-crystalline sample is revealed by Mössbauer spectroscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"14 3","pages":"445-454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48449742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on gas trapping during precision glass molding of microlens array in a nitrogen atmosphere","authors":"Tianfeng Zhou, Zihao Zeng, Qian Yu, Jia Zhou, Peng Liu, Xibin Wang","doi":"10.1111/ijag.16624","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijag.16624","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microlens arrays will suffer from filling defects due to trapped gas when molded in a nitrogen atmosphere by precision glass molding (PGM). In this paper, a multistep molding method is proposed to avoid gas trapping and improve the accuracy of a microlens array. The defect formation mechanism of the microlens array caused by the trapped gas is investigated, and the effect of the molding pressure on the defect formation is analyzed. A numerical model of the mold-nitrogen-glass interface at high temperature is established to evaluate the defect evolution, and the minimum number of PGM steps required to greatly reduce defects caused by the trapped gas is predicted. The numerical model is validated by a multistep PGM experiment of D-K59 glass material. The results show that a three-step PGM process significantly reduced the height of the defect. The difference between the height of the microlens unit and the depth of the mold is less than 0.4%. The molded microlens array has a peak-to-valley value of 0.38 μm and a surface roughness Ra of 3.5 nm. This work is instructive for the fabrication of high-precision glass microlens arrays.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"14 3","pages":"435-444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42533438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}