International Journal of Applied Glass Science最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of B/Si and CuO on the Structure and Properties of a Novel Heat-Absorbing BZS–CuO Low-Melting Glass Used for Laser Sealing Vacuum Glazing","authors":"Yongkang Chen,&nbsp;Junjie Zhou,&nbsp;Jinxu Jiao,&nbsp;Zhe He,&nbsp;Dusha Luo,&nbsp;Lifen Shi,&nbsp;Weiwei Wang,&nbsp;Changqing Li,&nbsp;Peng Wang,&nbsp;Shou Peng,&nbsp;Hong Li","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A novel lead-free, heat-absorbing B₂O₃–ZnO–SiO₂–CuO (BZS–CuO) low-melting glass was successfully prepared. The effects of B₂O₃/SiO₂(B/Si) ratio and the content of CuO on the properties and structure of the lead-free, heat-absorbing BZS–CuO low-melting glass were studied. The optimal BZS–CuO low-melting glass component was determined by thermal properties, bending strength, and absorbance. The introduction of CuO makes the glass exhibit excellent endothermic properties. Because Cu²⁺ enhances the absorption capacity of the glass in the near-infrared region, which converts this part of the light energy into heat energy and reduces the heat passing through the glass, thereby improving the heat absorption performance. The sealing solder made from the optimal BZS–CuO low-melting glass was used as a sealant for vacuum glazing by laser sealing. The microstructural evolution of the solder surface at different powers was investigated. The diffusion bonding between BZS–CuO low-melting glass solder and substrate glass was achieved. The results of our research provide an important reference for the technology of vacuum glazing by laser sealing in the future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of B/Si and CuO on the Structure and Properties of a Novel Heat-Absorbing BZS–CuO Low-Melting Glass Used for Laser Sealing Vacuum Glazing","authors":"Yongkang Chen,&nbsp;Junjie Zhou,&nbsp;Jinxu Jiao,&nbsp;Zhe He,&nbsp;Dusha Luo,&nbsp;Lifen Shi,&nbsp;Weiwei Wang,&nbsp;Changqing Li,&nbsp;Peng Wang,&nbsp;Shou Peng,&nbsp;Hong Li","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A novel lead-free, heat-absorbing B₂O₃–ZnO–SiO₂–CuO (BZS–CuO) low-melting glass was successfully prepared. The effects of B₂O₃/SiO₂(B/Si) ratio and the content of CuO on the properties and structure of the lead-free, heat-absorbing BZS–CuO low-melting glass were studied. The optimal BZS–CuO low-melting glass component was determined by thermal properties, bending strength, and absorbance. The introduction of CuO makes the glass exhibit excellent endothermic properties. Because Cu²⁺ enhances the absorption capacity of the glass in the near-infrared region, which converts this part of the light energy into heat energy and reduces the heat passing through the glass, thereby improving the heat absorption performance. The sealing solder made from the optimal BZS–CuO low-melting glass was used as a sealant for vacuum glazing by laser sealing. The microstructural evolution of the solder surface at different powers was investigated. The diffusion bonding between BZS–CuO low-melting glass solder and substrate glass was achieved. The results of our research provide an important reference for the technology of vacuum glazing by laser sealing in the future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GSgM of Thermal, Chemical, and Crystallization Properties in Simulated Actinides-Rich HLW Iron-Phosphate Glasses","authors":"Liyan Zhang,&nbsp;Hong Li,&nbsp;Shubin Chen,&nbsp;Lili Hu","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70028","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijag.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Modeling of glass transition temperature (<i>T</i>_g), chemical durability, and crystallization was carried out using the glass structure gene modeling (GSgM) approach for phosphate-based glasses containing simulated high-level waste (HLW) enriched in MoO₃, ZrO_2, and RE₂O₃. In this approach, the structural groups of phosphate glasses were derived from deconvolution of FTIR spectra, and high-accuracy structure-property models for the target properties were developed using limited experimental data. The chemical durability model also revealed the difference in the leaching behavior of Li⁺ relative to Na⁺ and K⁺, as well as La³⁺ relative to Ce³⁺ and Nd³⁺. Results showed that these structure-property models are preferable for property predictions and reliable for fast screening of new glass compositions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of Physical–Chemical and Thermomechanical Properties of Glasses From Recycled Waste","authors":"Roberto Ercoli,&nbsp;Paola Stabile,&nbsp;Gabriele Giuliani,&nbsp;Michael R. Carroll,&nbsp;Gianluca Bianchini,&nbsp;Eleonora Paris","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70029","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijag.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research focuses on understanding the high-temperature phase evolution occurring during the vitrification of heterogeneous construction and demolition wastes (CDWs). The aim of this project is to transform this widely distributed and mostly unused waste stream into a homogeneous, engineered, glass-based material with predictable properties, valuable for the glass industry. Starting with vitrification experiments, CDW samples (&lt; 63 µm) were heated to target temperatures (<i>T</i>) of 1100°C, 1200°C and 1300°C and held isothermally for either 2 or 8 h. The experimental products were chemically characterized by electron microprobe (EMP) analysis, and the results show that the SiO₂- and Al₂O₃-rich samples (RAS and PRO) achieved a high degree of vitrification at ∼1300°C, forming a homogeneous glassy matrix. Conversely, the high CaO content in the TAL sample hindered complete vitrification by promoting the stability of calcium-rich crystalline phases (e.g. larnite) up to temperatures as high as 1600°C, as shown by x-ray diffraction patterns on the treated samples. Building on these findings, the GlassNet model was employed to design a blend of PRO sample with the addition of fly ash (FA.REI) and glass waste (VF3) to improve thermomechanical performance. The model predicted an optimized mixture (Exp.a), fully composed of waste materials, for acoustic and thermal insulation applications, thus demonstrating waste recycling potential for producing new high-performance materials with practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ceramics.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijag.70029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147637060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Refractive-Index La2O3–Nb2O5–WO3 Ternary Glasses Prepared Using a Levitation Technique","authors":"Xu Chengzhong,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Inoue,&nbsp;Yutaka Yanaba,&nbsp;Kazuro Kizaki,&nbsp;Atsunobu Masuno","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijag.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Colorless and transparent La₂O₃–Nb₂O₅–WO₃ (LNW) glasses were successfully synthesized using a levitation technique in a wide glass-forming region. These glasses exhibited excellent optical properties, including a high refractive index (&gt;2.1) with low wavelength dispersion, and high transmittance (70%‒75% at a thickness of ∼800 µm) in the ultraviolet–visible region. The glass transition temperature decreased with increasing WO₃ content, reaching as low as 550°C, which enables easier pressing and molding compared to other levitation-synthesized high-refractive-index glasses, such as Nb₂O₅-based and TiO₂-based glasses. The dependence of the packing density and the electronic polarizability of the oxide ion on the Nb₂O₅ content suggested that the effect of substituting Nb₂O₅ with WO₃ substantially differs between La₂O₃-rich and Nb₂O₅-rich La₂O₃–Nb₂O₅ binary glasses. The inherent absorption wavelength decreased with increasing WO₃ content, resulting in a lower wavelength dispersion of the refractive index. These findings indicate that LNW glasses are promising optical materials for advanced applications requiring high refractive index and low processing temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ceramics.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijag.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermomechanical and Interfacial Properties of Lead-Free Bi2O3−ZnO−B2O3 Glasses for Hermetic Sealing Applications","authors":"Zeyu Qin,&nbsp;Shuang Liu,&nbsp;Botao Guan,&nbsp;Yan Guo,&nbsp;Xueli Shan,&nbsp;Jin Liu,&nbsp;Juanjuan Zhu,&nbsp;Linfeng Ding","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijag.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lead-free bismuthate-based sealing glasses are of growing interest for environmentally sustainable electronic and packaging applications. In this work, lead-free Bi₂O₃–ZnO–B₂O₃ glasses were modified through two distinct substitution routes—BaO replacing B₂O₃ and SrO exchanging for BaO—to evaluate their suitability for glass-to-metal sealing. BaO-for-B₂O₃ substitution reduced glass transition temperature (330→325°C) and increased coefficient of thermal expansion (13.0→14.1 ppm/K) due to network depolymerization, yielding a low sealing range of 505–550°C, but decreasing nanohardness (4.9→4.6 GPa) and elastic modulus (69→63 GPa). SrO-for-BaO exchange maintained nearly constant density and mechanical properties, with only minor fluctuations in thermomechanical properties, while supporting a sealing window of 520–580°C. Raman spectra confirmed increasing nonbridging oxygen formation in BaO-substituted glasses, whereas SrO exchange induced only subtle structural shifts. Both systems formed diffusion-bonded interfacial layers (&lt;2 µm) with 304 stainless steel and showed thermal expansion compatibility (mismatch &lt;10%), validating hermetic sealing. These results establish BaO-for-B₂O₃ substitution as advantageous for low-temperature sealing and SrO-for-BaO exchange as beneficial for stabilizing thermomechanical properties, offering complementary design strategies for sustainable lead-free sealing glasses.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146256342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Exploration on Eu3+ Ions Doped Borophospho-Silicate Glasses for Red Luminescent Applications","authors":"Raja Prince Selvaraj,&nbsp;Gopalan Muralidharan,&nbsp;Kammalamuriyil Ahammed Basheer Naseer,&nbsp;Ranjib Kumar Padhi,&nbsp;Kethappan Marimuthu","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eu³⁺ ions embedded in borophospho-silicate glasses were synthesized using the melt-quenching technique to explore their optical and spectroscopic properties. The calculated bonding measurements <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mi>β</mi>\u0000 <mo>¯</mo>\u0000 </mover>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <mi>δ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$( {bar{beta },delta } )$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> explored through their absorption spectra reveals a covalent character. Luminescence behavior has been examined via excitation and emission profiles, revealing prominent emissions in the red spectral region. A phonon sideband on the higher energy side of the ⁷F₀→⁵D₂ transition indicates electron-phonon coupling, revealing the phonon energy (ђω). Addition of modifier cations affected luminescence intensity by influencing the ligands around the Eu³⁺ ions that altered JO parameters and radiative traits; where as a high Ω₂ value implied strong covalency and asymmetry. Stimulated emission cross-sections (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>σ</mi>\u0000 <mi>p</mi>\u0000 <mi>E</mi>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 <annotation>$sigma _p^E$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>) and branching ratios (β_R) confirmed their suitability for red luminescent applications. Chromaticity coordinates positioned its emission in the red range, supporting their potential for Red-LED devices. The luminescence decay patterns of the fabricated glasses displayed a triple-exponential profile across all samples. The experimental decay lifetime was obtained via curve fitting of the luminescence decay and subsequently compared with the theoretically calculated values. The attained results specify that BPSE:Na and BPSE:Ba glasses are promising candidates for optoelectronic and laser-based technologies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Exploration on Eu3+ Ions Doped Borophospho-Silicate Glasses for Red Luminescent Applications","authors":"Raja Prince Selvaraj,&nbsp;Gopalan Muralidharan,&nbsp;Kammalamuriyil Ahammed Basheer Naseer,&nbsp;Ranjib Kumar Padhi,&nbsp;Kethappan Marimuthu","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eu³⁺ ions embedded in borophospho-silicate glasses were synthesized using the melt-quenching technique to explore their optical and spectroscopic properties. The calculated bonding measurements <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mi>β</mi>\u0000 <mo>¯</mo>\u0000 </mover>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <mi>δ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$( {bar{beta },delta } )$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> explored through their absorption spectra reveals a covalent character. Luminescence behavior has been examined via excitation and emission profiles, revealing prominent emissions in the red spectral region. A phonon sideband on the higher energy side of the ⁷F₀→⁵D₂ transition indicates electron-phonon coupling, revealing the phonon energy (ђω). Addition of modifier cations affected luminescence intensity by influencing the ligands around the Eu³⁺ ions that altered JO parameters and radiative traits; where as a high Ω₂ value implied strong covalency and asymmetry. Stimulated emission cross-sections (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>σ</mi>\u0000 <mi>p</mi>\u0000 <mi>E</mi>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 <annotation>$sigma _p^E$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>) and branching ratios (β_R) confirmed their suitability for red luminescent applications. Chromaticity coordinates positioned its emission in the red range, supporting their potential for Red-LED devices. The luminescence decay patterns of the fabricated glasses displayed a triple-exponential profile across all samples. The experimental decay lifetime was obtained via curve fitting of the luminescence decay and subsequently compared with the theoretically calculated values. The attained results specify that BPSE:Na and BPSE:Ba glasses are promising candidates for optoelectronic and laser-based technologies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening Potentials of Lithium-Doped Soda–Lime–Silicate Glasses Through Surface Crystallization of Quartz-ss","authors":"Fabian Stoelzel,&nbsp;Thorsten Gerdes","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijag.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The formation of a crystallized surface layer, having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) than the parent glass, can be exploited to place the glass surface under compression during cooling from crystallization temperature and hence improve mechanical properties. In our study, we focused on the understanding of the compositional dependency of the surface crystallization of quartz solid solutions (Qz-ss) with potentially low CTE. Specifically, we investigated the crystallization of melt-prepared soda–lime–silicate glasses with variable Al₂O₃ content that were doped with lithium in exchange for sodium. Further, the role of ZnO and MgO in the crystallization was evaluated. Despite rather complex glass compositions, the observed cell parameters of the obtained Qz-ss are close to the corresponding ternary Li₂O─Al₂O₃─SiO₂ (LAS) system. Further, a simple model was applied to predict the in-plane stresses in the surface. For modeled compositions down to 5.5 mol% Al₂O₃, formation of a compressive layer for the complete range of the crystalline content can be observed. Our findings illustrate the potential of strengthening glasses through surface crystallization as an alternative to thermal- and chemical strengthening to make glass-packaging more weight competitive. The results can help to optimize glass compositions that can be strengthened by this method.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ceramics.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijag.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146162745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Three Autocollimation Method for Measuring the Refractive Index of Optical Glass","authors":"Alexander Yurin","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijag.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article presents a three autocollimation method (TAM) for measuring the refractive index (RI) of optical glass. The popular minimum deviation method (MDM) for RI measurement is accurate, but it is very laborious, since the procedure of determining the minimum possible angle requires many iterations. TAM allows the calculation of RI based on the measurement of the angles of incidence of the beam corresponding to the autocollimation from the mirror located behind the investigated prism, parallel to the entrance face. Measurements must be carried out for all three faces, but it is not necessary to measure the prism angles, since the RI is calculated by solving a system of equations relating the values of unknown parameters. A comparative analysis showed that the accuracy of the proposed method is about 20% higher than the accuracy of classical MDM under the same conditions. A limitation of TAM is the phenomenon of total internal reflection, which limits the measurement range. To implement TAM, a goniometric system with a photoelectric encoder and a set of three reference prisms made of optical glass is used. The experimental absolute error does not exceed ±1·10⁻⁵, which proves the prospect of using the method for high-precision RI measurements. TAM can also be used to study the dispersion characteristics of triangular prisms made of optically transparent materials. TAM increases the accuracy and simplifies the RI measurement process compared to MDM.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}