International Journal of Applied Glass Science最新文献

{"title":"In-Situ Observation of Deformation and Cracking in Glass During Dynamic Indentation Tests","authors":"Satoshi Yoshida","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The indentation test using a sharp diamond indenter is a simple and easy technique for evaluating contact damage in glass and other brittle materials. Although this technique has long been used to compare the mechanical properties of various glass compositions, the rate-dependence of indentation-induced deformation and cracking in glass remains unclear. In this study, therefore, the dynamic deformation and cracking behavior of glass were evaluated using a lab-made dynamic indentation set-up with two types of trigonal-pyramid diamond indenter tips whose inclined angles (between the loading axis and the indenter face) are 65.3° for the Berkovich tip and 75° for the blunter tip. Two types of conventional silicate glass, soda-lime and borosilicate, were used as samples. In-situ observation of the deformed region and cracking sequences was conducted during these indentation tests. By using the Berkovich indenter tip, the cracking sequence during the indentation was successfully evaluated with the aid of a high-speed camera. The blunter indenter tip (75°-trigonal pyramid), on the other hand, was effective for obtaining the indentation without any severe cracking and for measuring optical retardation around the indent. The obtained cracking sequences demonstrate distinct rate dependence, which stems from the rate-dependent mechanical responses of glass under the indenter tip.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste Loading and Durability of Calcium Aluminosilicate Glasses for Immobilization of Plutonium-Contaminated Material","authors":"D. Parkes,&nbsp;C. L. Thorpe,&nbsp;M. T. Harrison,&nbsp;S. Ismail,&nbsp;D. E. Deegan,&nbsp;M. C. Stennett,&nbsp;L. R. Blackburn,&nbsp;C. L. Corkhill,&nbsp;R. J. Hand","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Calcium aluminosilicate (CAS) glass was assessed for its ability to immobilize elements present in Plutonium-Contaminated Materials (PCM) including metals (Fe and Cr), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and Pu (investigated using the nonradioactive surrogates Ce and Hf). Industrial-scale trial melts containing simulant inorganic and organic PCM were characterized to ascertain glass homogeneity, structure, and chemical durability. They were highly durable, comprising a glassy matrix with anorthite (CaAl₂Si₂O₈) crystals. Redox conditions were such that 5–7 mol % Fe, from the melted steel drums, was incorporated in the glass phase, predominantly as Fe²⁺ in place of Ca, with no significant change to the glass structure. The solubility of Ce and Hf (as Pu surrogates), mixed metal, and PVC in CAS glass was investigated using a series of laboratory-scale melts and shown to exceed those measured in borosilicate glasses. Ce was incorporated in a mixed Ce³⁺/⁴⁺ valence state up to waste loadings of &gt; 3.66 mol % CeO₂, while Hf⁴⁺ was incorporated to the same extent with no significant change to the CAS structure. Fe was fully incorporated up to 3.43 mol %, but the solubility limit for Cr₂O₃ was reached between 0.5 and 1 mol %. Laboratory glasses were melted in air, so the majority of Fe was incorporated as Fe³⁺ in tetrahedral coordination, leading to structural differences between laboratory- and industrial-scale CAS. Chlorine incorporation was low in all systems, likely due to volatilization rather than approaching the solubility limit of Cl in CAS glass.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijag.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design Principles of Optimizing Cementitious Glasses for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste","authors":"Elizabeth M. Tsekrekas,&nbsp;Lauren Meyer,&nbsp;Noah Koltenuk,&nbsp;Rashi Sharma,&nbsp;Madison Hsieh,&nbsp;Robert Hausrath,&nbsp;Logan Breton,&nbsp;Ross Smith,&nbsp;Benjamin Pershing,&nbsp;Hoang-Kim E. Pham,&nbsp;Alex Cozzi,&nbsp;Kathleen A. Richardson,&nbsp;Gert Nielsen,&nbsp;Collin J. Wilkinson,&nbsp;Kevin Brown,&nbsp;Cory L. Trivelpiece","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We designed, synthesized, and characterized 26 cementitious calcium-magnesium aluminosilicate (CMAS) glasses using the chemical and mineralogical properties of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), ground, granulated blast furnace slag (BFS), and class F fly ash as bounding conditions. The compositions ranged from 31.3–43.8 mol% SiO₂, 2.8–14.3 mol% Al₂O₃, 32.1–52.1 mol% CaO, and 0.0–23.1 mol% MgO. The designed compositional space closely resembled that of reported BFS compositions. Our purpose for this design was to create glasses that would react with aqueous simulated low-level radioactive waste (LLW) solutions upon contact and form solid phases over time. The glasses’ structure was determined via Raman spectroscopy and was correlated with exothermic heat release measured by isothermal calorimetry. We observed a moderate to strong correlation between an increasing degree of depolymerization and increasing heat flow (<i>R</i>² = 0.66–0.78). After the completion of the isothermal calorimetry experiments, we examined the resulting solidified materials and observed no free-standing liquid—an important property for low-level waste disposition. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns collected on five representative solids, approximately 3 months after completion of the calorimetry experiments, contained reflections consistent with calcium-silicate hydrate and layered double hydroxide phases, supporting—though not conclusively demonstrating—that cementitious reactions occurred between the glasses and the simulated LLW.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Nepheline Formation in Nuclear Waste Glasses Using Machine Learning With Uncertainty Quantification","authors":"Mayra Diaz-Acevedo,&nbsp;Chloe E. Curry,&nbsp;Xiaonan Lu,&nbsp;Saehwa Chong,&nbsp;Sarah I. Allec,&nbsp;John D. Vienna","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The vitrification of high-level waste (HLW) into borosilicate glass is a cornerstone of nuclear waste management, yet one of the key challenges in glass formulation for high-aluminum-containing waste streams is the precipitation of nepheline during the canister cooling stage. Excessive nepheline formation compromises glass durability, threatening the long-term stability of vitrified waste. Thus, predictive models capable of accurately anticipating nepheline formation from glass composition are critical for waste glass formulation and optimizing stability and durability. Various methods such as discriminators and sub-mixture models have been developed to determine nepheline precipitation; however, they tend to be overly conservative and unnecessarily limit achievable glass compositions. Building on previous works, we explore the application of several classical machine learning models—Gaussian Processes, Gradient Boosting, and Random Forest—alongside Bayesian methods, including fully Bayesian Gaussian Processes and Partial Bayesian Neural Networks, to address the challenges posed by limited datasets and prediction uncertainties intrinsic to this problem. Furthermore, we introduce a dual-head partially Bayesian neural network with scaled regression loss, validated through ablation, to directly predict nepheline precipitation. Notably, this regression-based strategy enables the use of practical nepheline tolerance thresholds, substantially reducing false positives compared with existing binary nepheline discriminator approaches that cannot distinguish between trace and significant nepheline formation—expanding access to novel compositional regions for waste glass design. By balancing explainability, uncertainty quantification, and accuracy, our results lay the foundation for more efficient optimization of HLW vitrification processes and contribute to the broader goal of improving nuclear waste management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijag.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Enabled Prediction and Interpretation of the Initial Dissolution Rates of Nuclear Waste Glasses","authors":"Wenqing Xie,&nbsp;Jayani Kalahe,&nbsp;Kenneth Sanders,&nbsp;Manzila Islam Tuheen,&nbsp;Benjamin Parruzot,&nbsp;Joelle T. Reiser,&nbsp;Stéphane Gin,&nbsp;James J. Neeway,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Lumetta,&nbsp;John D. Vienna,&nbsp;Jincheng Du,&nbsp;Xiaonan Lu","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate prediction of chemical durability, such as dissolution rate, is crucial for glass materials used in diverse applications, including pharmaceutical packaging and nuclear waste disposal. In this work, machine learning-based prediction models were developed using structural descriptors derived from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and experimental conditions (such as pH and temperature). Structural features such as cation coordination, glass-former cation polyhedral linkage density, and non-bridging oxygen ratio were obtained from analyzing glass structure models generated from MD simulations using effective potentials. The dataset comprised 90 initial dissolution-rate measurements for borosilicate and aluminosilicate glasses, covering static tests and dynamic stirred reactor coupon analysis tests (SRCA, ASTM C1926-23) of International Simple Glass (ISG) and its direratives. The estimated coefficients suggest that the Ridge regression model exhibited better predictive performance, with the training dataset yielding a coefficient of determination (<i>R</i>²) of 0.8777 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.7341. In addition, a non-linear Random Forest model was employed, which showed comparable predictive capability, with <i>R</i>² = 0.8563 and RMSE = 0.7262. Strong generalization was achieved across multiple sources (<i>R</i>² = 0.8210–0.9596) from leave-one-group-out cross-validation, which treated each source as an independent test set. It was found that dissolution rate was strongly associated with bond-breaking propensity during initial surface hydrolysis, with former-O-Zr, Si-O-Si, Al-O-Si, Al-O-B, and Si-O-B linkages negatively correlating with dissolution rate hence improving chemical durability. These results demonstrate the potential of combining atomistic structural descriptors from MD simulations with machine learning methods to predict glass dissolution behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijag.70065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties and Structures of MgO–CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 Glasses: Effects of Low-Iron Oxide and Redox","authors":"Hong Li,&nbsp;Wenqing Xie,&nbsp;Ziyang Zeng,&nbsp;Jincheng Du,&nbsp;Qiuju Zheng,&nbsp;Anne Jans Faber","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A series of mixed alkaline aluminosilicate glasses with low iron concentrations (0.04–0.64 wt% Fe₂O₃) was studied, covering a wide range of properties, including melt viscosity, liquidus temperature, simulated Rosseland mean radiative absorption/conduction, fiber tensile strength, water contact angle, and surface tension. To elucidate the local environments of ferric and ferrous ions in the glass network, multiple spectroscopic techniques (UV–vis–near infrared (NIR), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used. The UV–vis–NIR study revealed that FeO in glass is directly proportional to the Fe₂O₃ content, whereas FeO/total Fe₂O₃ ratio was reduced slightly for single Fe₂O₃-doped glasses. The study revealed that the Rosseland radiative conduction coefficient, proportional to the reciprocal of the Rosseland mean absorption coefficient, and viscosity decreased with increasing Fe₂O₃ (or FeO) content, whereas liquidus temperatures remained constant. The tensile strength of glass fibers with higher Fe₂O₃ (or FeO) increased slightly, and the surface energy ratio of low-iron to high-iron glass decreased accordingly, which may be attributed to a decrease in hydroxyl content in the glasses with higher Fe₂O₃ (or FeO) under the same melting conditions. With increasing Fe₂O₃ content, both Q⁴ and Q² units decreased, while Q³ species increased. The findings for Q⁴ and Q³ are generally consistent with the results of the Raman spectroscopic study. MD simulations revealed that ferric ions (Fe³⁺) in glass are primarily 4-fold coordinated, forming Si–O–Fe bonds within the glass-forming network. In contrast, ferrous ions (Fe²⁺) exhibit 5- and 6-fold coordination, acting as network modifiers. Cluster formation with Fe³⁺–O–Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺–O–Fe²⁺ linkages was suggested only at higher Fe₂O₃ levels in MD simulations and is consistent with the narrowing of the Fe²⁺–O absorption band at 1050 nm from UV–vis–NIR spectral analysis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Performance of Inverse, Reversible Thermochromic K2O·nSiO2-Based Fire-Resistant Glass","authors":"Yuran Qiao,&nbsp;Ruixuan Du,&nbsp;Youran Yang,&nbsp;Lei Han,&nbsp;Haiwen Li,&nbsp;Leilei Xin,&nbsp;Yuanchun Mu","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An inverse, reversible thermochromic K₂O·nSiO₂-based fire-resistant glass was developed through a low-temperature in situ reaction using NH₄HCO₃ as a multifunctional additive. The glass changed from white and opaque at room temperature (∼20–25°C) to colorless and transparent at ∼60°C, reaching a transmittance of 90.51 ± 0.32% and maintaining stable thermochromic behavior over 1000 thermal cycles. NH₄HCO₃ incorporation increased the compressive stress at 66.7% strain from 2.6 ± 0.1 to 6.8 ± 0.2 MPa, accompanied by enhanced silicate-network connectivity as revealed by Raman spectroscopy. During high-temperature exposure, NH₄HCO₃ promoted multistage foaming and hierarchical micro-/nanoscale pore formation within the expanded barrier layer. The resulting pore-within-pore architecture increased the tortuosity of heat-transfer pathways and suppressed structural collapse. After 60 min of fire exposure, the average unexposed-side temperature remained well below the prescribed limit of 160°C. This work provides a practical strategy for integrating adaptive optical regulation, mechanical reinforcement, and high-temperature thermal protection within a single inorganic glass system.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Basicity of Glasses: Review and Application in Nuclear Glass Formulation","authors":"John McCloy,&nbsp;John Bussey,&nbsp;Wyatt Kiff","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Optical basicity (OB) values have been compiled, reviewed, and computed for 95 binary oxides using electronegativity, ionic–covalent parameter, and optical properties methods. The merits of the various scales are discussed. A current, self-consistent set of values are recommended for use. These oxide optical basicity values should prove useful for assessing complex compounds and glasses such as those encountered in nuclear waste vitrification. Extensions of the oxide scale to sulfides, halides, and nitrides are discussed, as well as micro-basicity and group basicity concepts. A few examples are given of the use of optical basicity for understanding the uranium speciation in glasses, the inclusion of halides in oxide glasses, and the prediction of crystallization of nepheline. Further application of OB to broad problems in glass science is enabled given the robust set of coefficients compiled for this work.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijag.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physically Consistent Real-Time Measurement of Batch‒Cullet Mixing","authors":"Wei Xu,&nbsp;Su Li,&nbsp;Alan Dum,&nbsp;Dongsheng Li,&nbsp;Adam Polcyn","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Real-time process metrology and control have long been considered as effective measures in direct response to operational disruptions and sustainability appeals within the glass industry. However, common challenges such as insufficient granularity, complex interdependencies, and harsh operating environments persist. Batch‒cullet mixing quality, a critical foundation of high-quality glass production, for instance, remains loosely inferred from pre-weighed bulk materials due to the lack of robust and reliable characterization methods. The current work develops a physically consistent measurement integration framework that enables continuous, in situ quantification of batch–cullet mixing quality using thermographic imaging and complementary sensor inputs with thermodynamic constraints embedded into image segmentation to ensure physical consistency. The resulting spatial heterogeneities are then mapped to effective thermal properties through analysis of statistically reconstructed representative volume elements, addressing their inherent temporal and spatial incompatibilities with process-level evaluation. As a demonstration of its potential application in future digital twin development, the derived properties, along with other concurrent operational data, are incorporated into a continuously updated glass melting furnace simulation framework. Finally, future extensions are discussed to illustrate how the proposed capability may further support supervisory decision making and process optimization.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Configurational Contribution to the Thermodynamic Driving Force for Crystallization","authors":"Joshua Sena,&nbsp;River Pao,&nbsp;Ecem Akirmak,&nbsp;Aubrey Fry,&nbsp;Maziar Montazerian,&nbsp;John C. Mauro,&nbsp;Collin J. Wilkinson","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Determining the thermodynamic driving force of crystallization, Δ<i>G</i>, is difficult without precise knowledge of temperature-dependent heat capacity data for the crystal of interest and the corresponding supercooled liquid. The heat capacity of each of these phases, however, is often challenging to obtain experimentally for the necessary temperature range. This difficulty has prompted several approximations including the Turnbull, Hoffman, and Gutzow–Dobreva approaches. Each of these approximations are based on a simplifying assumption relating to the nature of the liquid–crystal heat capacity difference. Here we consider the heat capacity as a sum of vibrational and configurational contributions, where only the configurational contribution is relevant when studying crystallization processes. We apply this approach for ten glass-forming borate and silicate liquids, and analyze the role that vibrations play in Δ<i>G</i> with experimentally derived heat capacity data for lithium diborate. Configurational models were compared to other approximations for Δ<i>G</i>. This work finds that Δ<i>G</i> can be estimated from configurational thermodynamics alone with knowledge of the fragility index, glass transition temperature, and the liquidus temperature. This work then presents a method for approximating the driving force for any compositions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}