International Journal of Applied Glass Science最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Mixed Alkali Ion Exchange Strengthening Aluminosilicate Glass","authors":"Fangzheng Jiang, Jing Liu, Kai Guan, Zhenkai Yang, Zhenkun Zhou, Wen Fu, Lulu Wang, Kaixing Zhu, Zaixing Yang, Liangbao Jiang","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ion exchange strengthening is a crucial engineering technique for enhancing the mechanical performance of glass materials. In this study, a composition-driven ion-exchange mapping model combined with molecular dynamics simulations was used to investigate the structural and mechanical responses of mixed alkali aluminosilicate glass at different ion-exchanged states. Structural analysis reveals the presence of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>[</mo>\u0000 <mi>Al</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 <mn>5</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>]</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$[{mathrm{Al}}{{{mathrm{O}}}_5}]$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> polyhedra and tricluster oxygen species, which contribute to the modification of the glass network upon ion exchange. Mean square displacement analysis confirms that alkali ion mobility follows the trend <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>L</mi>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>i</mi>\u0000 <mo>+</mo>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mo>></mo>\u0000 <mi>N</mi>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>a</mi>\u0000 <mo>+</mo>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mo>></mo>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>K</mi>\u0000 <mo>+</mo>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>${mathrm{L}}{{{mathrm{i}}}^ + } > {mathrm{N}}{{{mathrm{a}}}^ + } > {{{mathrm{K}}}^ + }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, influencing the degree of charge compensation and network rearrangement. Radial distribution function and bond angle distribution analyses indicate slight shortening of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>Si</mi>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>${mathrm{Si}}{-} {mathrm{O}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>Al</mi>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>${mathrm{Al}}{-} {mathrm{O}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> bonds, accompanied by a reduction in the <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>Si</mi>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mi>Si</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>${mathrm{Si}}{-} {mathrm{O}}{-} {mathrm{Si}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>Al</mi>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domain-Knowledge‑Guided Rule Extraction for Governing Nepheline Amount in High‑Level Waste Glasses","authors":"Irmak Sargin","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nepheline crystallization during canister centerline cooling is one of the most constraining factors limiting waste loading in high-level waste (HLW) borosilicate glasses. Existing predictive models treat nepheline formation as a binary outcome, yet durability degradation depends continuously on nepheline fraction. This study moves beyond binary classification by combining domain knowledge with association rule mining to extract compositional and thermal-history rules associated with specific nepheline fraction thresholds. A physics-based feature selection strategy reduced 70 compositional, structural, and kinetic variables to 15 features spanning the thermodynamic, charge-compensation, modifier-partitioning, and kinetic domains. Rules were mined from 727 quantified HLW glass compositions using three nepheline thresholds. Single-feature and pairwise analyses reveal that the onset of nepheline formation is governed by the sodium–aluminum–boron balance and reinforced by kinetic factors, whereas the amount of nepheline, once formation has occurred, depends on the partitioning of modifier cations and the structural connectivity of the glass network. These results suggest that nepheline crystallization is governed by two mechanistically distinct processes, namely a compositionally sharp onset and a diffuse severity regime, a distinction applicable to any aluminosilicate system where nepheline amount is the target of compositional optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijag.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Float Glass Staining Induced by an Acid-Cleaning Product","authors":"Ricardo F. Lancelotti,&nbsp;Débora C. N. Fabris,&nbsp;Rafael B. Oliveira,&nbsp;Marcelo A. C. Kurtovic,&nbsp;Laís D. Silva,&nbsp;Guilherme S. Macena,&nbsp;Eduardo B. Ferreira,&nbsp;Valmor R. Mastelaro,&nbsp;Edgar D. Zanotto","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Staining of glass facades is a recurring and significant problem worldwide. This study investigates the causes of staining observed on six laminated float glass samples from four manufacturers (α, β, γ, and δ). Samples from β, γ, and δ were new, whereas those from α (α₁, α₂, and α₃) were taken from a building after service exposure. Staining of α₂, α₃, and δ was observed after exposure to an acid-cleaning product for at least 30 s. Our investigation focused on tin concentration and oxidation state at the glass surface, the overall chemical composition, and surface condition as potential factors associated with this behavior. Extensive characterization using multiple techniques revealed small amounts of tin on the outer face, with the highest content in α₃. However, neither tin concentration nor its oxidation state showed a clear correlation with the staining pattern, as α₂ and δ had much lower tin levels. The staining observed for the unused δ glass is attributed to its higher modifier content relative to network formers and lower chemical durability. In contrast, the staining observed for α₂ and α₃ appears to be related to surface damage, in which micro-scratched surfaces undergo a rapid increase in roughness upon chemical exposure and become more susceptible to visible staining, whereas well-polished surfaces remain largely unaffected. These results indicate that chemical durability and surface condition are important factors influencing the susceptibility of float glasses to staining.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijag.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dalle de verre Windows From the Cathedral of Rio de Janeiro: Artistic Technique and Glass Conservation","authors":"Clara García-Sánchez,&nbsp;Marta Pérez-Estébanez,&nbsp;Helder Viana,&nbsp;Teresa Palomar","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Cathedral of São Sebastião in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) contains a series of concrete stained-glass windows made using the <i>dalle de verre</i> technique, which have undergone a natural degradation process. To assess their state of conservation, a physicochemical study was conducted on four glass samples of different colors. The methodology included optical microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, ultraviolet—visible–infrared spectrophotometry, Vickers microindentation, polariscope, dilatometric analysis, differential thermal analysis, hot-stage microscopy, and assessment of chemical stability through hydrolytic tests and exposure to humid chambers. The results showed that the red and yellow glasses were more susceptible to mechanical impact, the green glass was more prone to cracking due to internal stresses, and the blue glass exhibited lower chemical stability than the other original glasses.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijag.70053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclic Leaching and Annealing of Soda Lime Silica Glass: Improving Mechanical Durability During Indentation by Removal","authors":"Andrew L. Ogrinc,&nbsp;Staci Singer,&nbsp;Bahareh Kheilnezhad,&nbsp;Yen-Ting Lin,&nbsp;Seong H. Kim","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soda lime silica (SLS) glass is a widely used material, and as such, the impact of surface treatments on the mechanical and chemical properties has been extensively studied. For example, it is well established in the literature that treating SLS in acidic solutions results in the formation of a sodium-depleted surface layer, as sodium exchanges with hydrous species from the solution. Separately, a great deal of work has examined the impact of sub-<i>T</i>_g thermal annealing on the properties of SLS and its ability to repopulate the weathered glass with sodium from the bulk and relieve residual network stress from processing. Within this work, a process is studied where SLS glass is treated with alternating steps of sub-<i>T</i>_g thermal annealing and exposure to a pH 1 solution of nitric acid at 90°C. Through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and surface-sensitive vibrational spectroscopy, it was found that annealing the acid-leached glass resulted in an approximately 10% increase in the bridging oxygen content at the surface, implying repolymerization of silanol groups formed during acid treatment. While leaching the glass completely halted cracking during Vickers indentation at 0.05 kgf, it also corresponded to a decrease in Vickers hardness by 0.15 GPa. Annealing the leached layer retained the majority of the crack resistance (95% probability of no cracks), while mitigating this decrease in hardness.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijag.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cs+/Sr2+/Na+-Induced Crystallization of Cenosphere's Glass for 137Cs and 90Sr Immobilization in Durable Glass-Ceramics","authors":"Tatiana A. Vereshchagina,&nbsp;Elena V. Fomenko,&nbsp;Sergei N. Vereshchagin,&nbsp;Leonid A. Solovyov,&nbsp;Anatoly M. Zhyzhaev,&nbsp;Michael I. Ojovan","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The controlled crystallization of Cs⁺/Sr²⁺/Na⁺-admixed aluminosilicate glasses with a mineral-like composition, based on coal fly ash cenospheres, was studied as a simulation of the immobilization of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr in glass-crystalline matrices. The incorporation of Cs⁺ and Sr²⁺ in mineral-like phases using cenospheres with SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios of 1.5–3.4, characteristic of Cs⁺- and Sr²⁺-bearing minerals, was demonstrated. Cs⁺, Sr²⁺, and Na⁺ immobilization was achieved by mixing the cenospheres with predetermined ratios of CsNO₃/Sr(NO₃)₂/NaNO₃ solutions, followed by drying and calcination at temperatures between 750°C and 1100°C. Cs⁺ immobilization via this method resulted in glass-ceramics incorporating up to 87 wt% of the Cs⁺-phases pollucite and kalsilite. Processing the Sr(NO₃)₂/cenosphere mixtures results in the formation of mineral-like phases of Sr-anorthite and Sr-gehlenite. The Na⁺-induced transformation of the cenosphere glass was performed to simulate the solidification of ¹³⁷Cs-bearing sodium-enriched radioactive waste, with nepheline acting as the host phase for ¹³⁷Cs. Depending on the sodium loading and temperature, the NaNO₃/cenosphere blends transform into glass-ceramics with different glass phase/nepheline ratios. The cesium-normalized leaching rates from the glass-ceramics were found to be in the range of 10⁻⁷–10⁻⁹ g cm⁻² day⁻¹ by conducting the chemical durability test. These rates meet the requirements of GOST R 50926–96 and NP-019-2000 (Russia). This demonstrates the high durability of cenosphere-based glass-ceramics, facilitating their safe geological disposal.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional Microstructuring of Chalcogenide Glass by Femtosecond Laser Exposure and Subsequent Chemical Etching","authors":"Gözden Torun,&nbsp;Anupama Yadav,&nbsp;Rashi Sharma,&nbsp;Kathleen A. Richardson,&nbsp;Yves Bellouard","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chalcogenide glass has the broadest reported transparency in the infrared, making them particularly attractive for spectroscopy and infrared imagery. Yet, it remains a difficult material to shape in arbitrary form. In this paper, we explore the combination of femtosecond laser-exposure and subsequent chemical etching steps to produce arbitrary 3D shapes out of a chalcogenide glass substrate coated with a SiO₂ thin film. In this context, we discuss how laser parameters locally influence the etching rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijag.70050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148463129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of V2O5 on the Dissolution Behavior of Sodium Aluminoborosilicate-Based Model Nuclear Waste Glass","authors":"Qianhui Qin,&nbsp;Ann Mary Jose,&nbsp;Rajanavaneethakrishna Rajaramakrishna,&nbsp;Wutthikrai Busayaporn,&nbsp;Jakrapong Kaewkhao,&nbsp;Ashutosh Goel","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding how vanadium oxide (V₂O₅) influences the dissolution behavior of nuclear waste glasses is essential for optimizing their waste loading and long-term durability. In this work, a series of sodium aluminoborosilicate-based model glasses—(100−<i>x</i>) (30Na₂O–5Al₂O₃–15B₂O₃–50SiO₂)—<i>x</i>V₂O₅, where <i>x</i> = 0, 2.5, and 5 mol.%—were synthesized to investigate the structural and chemical origins of V₂O₅-dependent dissolution behavior. Glass corrosion experiments were conducted in both deionized (DI) water and 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7) at 65°C for 7 days. The results revealed that all glasses dissolved incongruently, with Na, B, and V leaching more rapidly than Si and Al. The incorporation of V₂O₅ produced a statistically insignificant change in the dissolution kinetics of glasses in Tris-HCl, although dissolution in Tris-HCl was consistently faster than in deionized water. XPS and XANES analyses confirmed that vanadium exists primarily as V⁵⁺ (tetrahedral [V⁵⁺O₄]³⁻), with a minor fraction of V⁴⁺ (square-pyramidal [V⁴⁺O₅]⁶⁻). However, quantitative discrepancies between the two techniques highlight differences in their surface and bulk sensitivities. The minimal impact of V₂O₅ on the dissolution kinetics of glasses in Tris-HCl is rationalized by a structural model in which highly charged [V⁵⁺O₄]³⁻ units remain largely decoupled from the silicate network and scavenge Na⁺ from the aluminoborosilicate network for charge-compensation, leading to competing effects that offset one another during glass corrosion.</p>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijag.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Chemical Etching on the Relief of the Grinded Surface of Silica Glass","authors":"Boris S. Lunin","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of a study of the surface relief of grinded silica glass plates chemically etched with two different solutions containing fluoride ions are presented. Unlike other studies, the surface relief was analyzed using the Allan variance method, which made it possible to quantitatively determine the surface roughness associated with defects of different sizes. The analysis revealed that the surface relief formed during chemical dissolution of the damaged layer depends primarily on the preceding mechanical treatment of the glass, rather than on the chemical etching conditions. It has been shown that preannealing silica glass reduces the surface roughness formed during chemical etching. It is concluded that to achieve low surface roughness in silica glass samples, it is necessary to improve the quality of mechanical processing and anneal before chemical treatment. The presented results also demonstrate the effectiveness of using the Allan variance method for analyzing solid surface roughness.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorine-Free White Glass-Ceramic Enamels From Uzbek Mineral Feedstocks","authors":"Shohrukh Naimov,&nbsp;Mastura Aripova,&nbsp;Odiljon Abdurakhmonov,&nbsp;Bakhram Ruzibayev,&nbsp;Zaynobiddin Matkarimov,&nbsp;Eldor Ruzmatov,&nbsp;Farrukh Erkinov,&nbsp;Nurbek Rakhimov,&nbsp;Sherzod Abdurakhmonov,&nbsp;Utkirjon Sharopov,&nbsp;Salohiddin Ramazanov","doi":"10.1111/ijag.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents the development of fluorine-free white glass-ceramic enamel coatings from locally available Uzbek mineral raw materials, including quartz sand, clay shale, boron- and phosphorus-containing glass-forming components. The enamel frits were designed in the SiO₂–Al₂O₃–Na₂O–K₂O–B₂O₃–TiO₂–P₂O₅ multicomponent system by optimizing the contents of the principal glass-network-forming oxides (SiO₂, B₂O₃, TiO₂, and P₂O₅) while keeping the modifier content constant. After application to DC04EK steel substrates, the coatings were produced by a two-stage firing process. Their phase composition, microstructure, chemical bonding, optical behavior, and functional performance were comprehensively investigated using XRD, SEM–EDS, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and standard mechanical and chemical resistance tests. The optimized compositions exhibited high whiteness values of up to 88.9%, excellent chemical resistance (Class AA), strong adhesion to the steel substrate, and good thermal-cycling stability. XRD confirmed the crystallization of rutile-type TiO₂, while FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of a borosilicate glass network and SEM–EDS mapping demonstrated homogeneous elemental distribution within the enamel matrix. The coatings satisfied the requirements of ISO 28722:2008, confirming their suitability for practical application in household steel products. These results demonstrate that locally sourced mineral feedstocks can serve as a sustainable and cost-effective basis for the production of high-performance white glass-ceramic enamel coatings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13850,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Glass Science","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}