Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia最新文献

{"title":"Kinetika reaksi hidroksilasi epoksi minyak jarak pagar menggunakan katalis bentonit","authors":"Ratni Ariatmi Nugrahani, Flora Elvistia Firdaus, Y. Widyawati, Hana Firginia, Riris Purnama","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2013.12.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2013.12.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroxylation kinetics of jatropha oil epoxy using bentonite catalyst. Based on chemical properties such as fatty acid compositions and iodium value, jatropha curcas oil can potentially be applied as lubricant. Unsaturation of this oil decreases its  oxidative stability. Improvement of this property may be done by chemical modification involving epoxidation and oxirane ring opening with bentonite catalyst, forming polyol by hydroxylation. The purpose of this research is to characterize the products and kinetics of the oxirane ring opening reaction. The results of chemical analysis by titration for residual oxiranes and hydroxyl formed in the reaction system, was showed using ir spectroscopy. Their effects were to reduce epoxy groups at 824-842 cm−1 and appearance of hydroxyl groups at the oh characteristic absorption peak from 3450-3800 cm−1. The oxirane number of epoxidized jatropha oil was reduced from 4.7% to 0.05% by ring opening. The kinetics of the oxirane ring opening of epoxidized jatropha curcas oil by methanol with bentonite was studied at 50, 60, and 65 oc. The oxirane ring opening analyzed by the pseudo-homogeneous approach followed a pseudo-first order kinetics. From the temperature dependence of the  rate, reaction enthalpy (δh) and activation energy (δea) were found to be 8,27 kcal mol−1 and 7,63 kcal mol−1, respectively.Keywords: epoxidized jatropha curcas, hydroxyl, oxirane, bentonite, kinetic AbstrakBerdasarkan sifat-sifat komposisi asam lemak dan bilangan iodium, minyak jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas) berpotensi menjadi bahan dasar pelumas. Meskipun demikian, kandungan ikatan tidak jenuh minyak ini menurunkan kestabilan oksidasinya. Kestabilan oksidasi ini dapat diperbaiki melalui modifikasi kimiawi dengan reaksi epoksidasi yang menghilangkan ikatan rangkap.  Ini dilakukan melalui reaksi hidroksilasi dengan membuka ikatan gugus oksirana epoksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkarakterisasi produk, serta mempelajari kinetika reaksi pembukaan cincin oksirana oleh metanol dengan katalis bentonit untuk membentuk poliol. Hasil analisis FTIR produk reaksi menunjukkan penurunan intensitas gugus epoksi pada bilangan gelombang 824-842 cm−1 dan munculnya gugus hidroksil pada bilangan gelombang 3450-3800 cm−1. Bilangan oksirana epoksi jarak pagar berkurang dari 4,7% menjadi 0,05% setelah pembukaan cincin. Bilangan hidroksil poliol adalah sebesar 165,77. Pengukuran kinetika pembukaan cincin pada gugus oksirana dari epoksi jarak pagar dilakukan pada 50, 60, dan 65oC. Analisis data laju reaksi yang dianalisis dengan pendekatan sistem pseudohomogen menunjukkan bahwa reaksi mengikut kinetika orde-1 semu. Dari perubahan laju reaksi terhadap temperatur diperoleh nilai entalpi reaksi dan energi aktivasi sebesar masing-masing 8,27 kkal mol-1 dan 7,63 kkal mol-1.Kata kunci: epoksi jarak pagar, hidroksil, oksirana, bentonit, kinetika","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128601904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengambilan ion cadmium (II) dari air limbah simulasi menggunakan fly ash aktif: studi kesetimbangan","authors":"I. M. Bendiyasa, D. Setiawan, R. Octaviany","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2008.7.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2008.7.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental study of equilibrium of Cadmium (II) adsorbed with fly ash has been performed. The experimental rig was consisted of a 0.5 L three neck flask, a stirrer, a condenser and a thermometer. The rig was immersed in a water bath that was used to control the experimental temperature. The three neck flask was filled with 0.3 L Cadmium solution of a fixed concentration and then 0.3 g of flay ash was put into the flask. Chemical composition of fly ash are as follows (weight %): SiO2 = 54,23; Al2O3 = 25,38; H2O = 2,5; MgO = 1,O; Ca0 = 4,63; Na20 = 0,32; K20 = 0,60; Mn0 = 0,014; Fe2O3 = 6,01; TiO2 = 0,007; P2O5 = 0,042 and loss of ignition (LOI) is 5,26. Cation exchange capacity is 990 meq/kg fly ash. Each run was conducted for 2 hours, and at the end of each experiment Cadmium (II) was analyzed with Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometer (AAS). Variables studied were temperature ranging from 303 to 323 K and initial concentration of Cadmium (II) from 7 to 10 mg Cadmium (II) L-1. Experimental data were evaluated with both Langmuir and Freundlich models. It is found that the experimental data is in a good agreement with Langmuir model. Relationships between K for Langmuir and Freundlich and temperature are, respectively, KLangmuir = 2,841066e(-35401,01/RT) and KFreundlich = 4, 75104e(-34403,20/RT) Keywords: fly ash, Langmuir, Freundlich, Cadmium, equilibrium Abstrak Pengambilan Cd(II) dari air limbah simulasi diteliti dengan menggunakan fly ash sebagai adsorben. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah mempelajari kesetimbangan adsorpsi Cd(II) dengan fly ash. Disamping itu juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui kapasitas maksimum adsorpsi fly ash. Setiap percobaan dilakukan dalam suatu reaktor batch yang suhunya dipertahankan tetap. Reaktor yang digunakan adalah labu leher tiga dengan volum 0, 5 L yang dilengkapi dengan pengaduk merkuri, pendingin balik, dan termometer. Fly ash dengan berat 0,3 gram dimasukkan ke dalam reaktor yang telah diisi dengan suatu larutan Cadmium dengan volume 0,3 L dan konsentrasi tertentu. Komposisi kimia fly ash adalah (% berat): %): SiO2 = 54,23; Al2O3 = 25,38; H2O = 2,5; MgO = 1,O; Ca0 = 4,63; Na20 = 0,32; K20 = 0,60; Mn0 = 0,014; Fe2O3 = 6,01; TiO2 = 0,007; P2O5 = 0,042 dan berat hilang = 5,26. Fly ash yang dipakai mempunyai nilai kapasitas pertukaran kation (KPK) yang nilainya sama dengan 990 meq/kg fly ash. Setiap percobaan dilakukan selama dua jam, dan kemudian konsentrasi Cd(II) di dalam larutan  dianalisis kadar Cd(II)-nya menggunakan Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometer (AAS). Variabel yang dipelajari adalah suhu (T) dan konsentrasi awal (Co) larutan. Kisaran suhu yang diteliti adalah 303 sampai 323 K dan konsentrasi awal (Co) antara 7 sampai 10 mg Cd(11) L-1. Data percobaan dievaluasi dengan model Langmuir dan Freundlich.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adsorpsi Cd(II) dengan fly ash lebih sesuai dengan model Langmuir. Hubungan K untuk Langmuir dan Freundlrich dengan suhu berturut adaIah KLangmuir = 2,841066e(-35401,0","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128682117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinerja kalium metavanadat sebagai inhibitor korosi baja karbon rendah dalam lingkungan klorida dan sulfida","authors":"Isdiriayani Nurdin, R. A. Pratiwi, A AdityaFarhan, P FikriAnggara, Rennie Sari","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2008.7.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2008.7.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Inhibitor addition is one of the common corrosion control methods. Potassium metavanadate (KVO3) is the common corrosion inhibitor for Benfield solution in CO2 absorber. Former research shows that KVO3 is also able to inhibit the corrosion in seawater containing Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) due to its capacity as biocide. Chloride and Sulfide are common corrosive ions found in process fluids in industries. Therefore, this research is carried out to study the performance of KVO3 as a corrosion inhibitor for low- carbon steel in chloride and sulfide contaminated environment. The objective of this research was achieved by measuring low-carbon steel corrosion rate in various concentrations of contaminants. The corrosion rate was measured by Tafel method. The corrosion inhibition mechanisms were studied using cyclic voltammetry method. Meanwhile the corrosion products were identified by X - ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD). This research results that KVO3 is an effective corrosion inhibitor in chloride environment when the chloride concentration ranges between 20 g/L and 30 g/L. In this range of concentration, KVO3 performs more than 99% efficiency. While in sulfide environment, KVO3 is an ineffective corrosion inhibitor. On the other hand, the addition of KVO3 reduces the corrosion rate of carbon steel in seawater containing sulfide, although its performance does not meet the effective inhibitor criteria. Higher concentration of sulfide results the higher inhibition efficiency of KVO3.Keywords: Potassium metavanadate, low - carbon steel, corrosion inhibitor AbstrakPenambahan inhibitor merupakan salah satu metode pengendalian korosi. Kalium metavanadat (KVO3) sering digunakan sebagai inhibitor korosi pada absorber CO2 yang menggunakan larutan Benfield. Hasil penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa KVO3 mampu menginhibisi korosi baja karbon rendah dalam air laut yang mengandung bakteri pereduksi sulfat (SRB) dengan bertindak sebagai biosida. Klorida dan sulfida merupakan ion-ion korosif yang umum ditemui dalam fluida proses di industri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari kinerja KVO3 sebagai inhibitor korosi baja karbon rendah dalam lingkungan akuatik yang terkontaminasi klorida, ataupun sulfida. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dilakukan pengukuran laju korosi baja karbon rendah dengan jenis dan konsentrasi kontaminan bervariasi. Pengukuran laju korosi dilakukan dengan metode Tafel. Mekanisme inhibisi diprediksi dengan metode voltametri siklik. Sedangkan produk korosi diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan spektrometri difraksi sinar X (XRD). Dari penelitian ini, diperoleh hasil bahwa KVO3 efektif sebagai inhibitor korosi baja karbon rendah pada lingkungan klorida berkonsentrasi antara 20 g/L hingga 30 g/L dengan efisiensi di atas 99%. Pada lingkungan sulfida, KVO3 kurang efektif menginhibisi korosi baja karbon rendah. Sedangkan pada air laut sintetik yang mengandung sulfida, walaupun belum termasuk kategori inhibitor efektif, namun KVO3 dapat ","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114596293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sintesis minyak goreng sehat (Diacylglycerol)","authors":"T. Prakoso, Danu Wicaksana, Roy Winarso, T. H. Soerawidjaja","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2007.6.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2007.6.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The syntesis of healty cooking oil (Diacylglycerol)Diglyceride I Diacylglycerol (DAG) oil is a compound resulting from the chemical bonding between glycerol and two free fatty acid  molecules  which follows  a  different  metabolic route compared  to triglyceride-type oils so that this type of oil does not cause fat accumulation in the body. This research isfocused at obtaining experimental evidence from the Archer-Daniels-Midland (2002) synthesis method, identifying the  effect  of the molar ratio between the reactants and reaction time on the DAG yield using the glycerolysis method, and at synthesizing a cooking oil with diglycerides as its major component. The diglyceride synthesis process in this research was done via glycerolysis with a varying glycerol : TAG ratio of 1:1, 3:2, 2:1 and 5:2. Reaction time was varied at 1 and 3 hours. The synthesis was undertaken at 190°C, using CH3COOK as catalyst at a dose of 1% of the mass ofTAG reactant. Experimental results indicate that longer reaction time increases the molar amount of diglycerides formed in the healthy cooking oil product. The molar ratio of glycerol to triglycerides  which produces the highest DAG yield was 2:1, with a reaction time of 3 hours, which resulted in a yield of 97. 726%-mol DAG per mol TAG reactant. Higher molar ratio of glycerol to tryglycerides also increases the percentage of monoglycerides  (MAG)formed.Keywords: DAG (Diglycerides),  glycerolysis, TAG (Triglycerides) AbstrakMinyak Digliserida/Diacylglycerol  (DAG) adalah senyawa hasil  ikatan  kimia  antara g/iserol dengan 2 buah asam lemak bebas yang mengikuti jalur metabolik yang khas dan berbeda dengan jenis minyak trigliserida sehingga tidak menyebabkan penimbunan lemak dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapat bukti eksperimental dari metode Archer-Daniels-Midland (2002), mengetahui pengaruh rasio mol reaktan dan waktu reaksi terhadap perolehan DAG dari metode gliserolisis dan mendapatkan hasil  minyak goreng yang memiliki kandungan utama digliserida. Proses sintesa digliserida dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan reaksi gliserolisis yang menggunakan  variasi  rasio  reaktan gliserol  : TAG 1:1, 3:2, 2:1 dan 5:2. dengan dan variasi waktu 1 dan 3 jam. Sintesa ini berlangsung pada temperatur 190°C dan menggunakan katalis CH3COOK sebanyak 1% dari berat TAG yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama waktu  reaksi gliserolisis, semakin tinggi jumlah mol dig/iserida yang terbentuk di dalam minyak goreng sehat. Rasia mol reaktan gliserol: trigliserida yang  menghasilkan perolehan DAG tertinggi adalah rasio 2:1 dengan waktu reaksi 3 jam, yaitu  sebesar 97, 726%-mol DAG per  mol TAG mula-mula. Semakin tinggi rasio mol reaktan gliserol : trigliserida, %-monogliserida (MAG) yang  terbentuk juga semakin  tinggi.Kata Kunci: DAG  (Digliserida), gliserolisis,  TAG (Trigliserida)","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126414194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Komposisi kimia minyak atsiri daun cengkeh dari proses penyulingan uap","authors":"Jayanudin","doi":"10.5614/JTKI.2011.10.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/JTKI.2011.10.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical composition of clove leaf essential oil obtained from steam distillation process Essential oils are needed in various industries such as industrial perfumes, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food industry, and beverages. This study aims to determine the chemical composition of clove leaf essential oil from steam distillation process using GCMS. Dry clove leaves weighing 1.5 kg are included in the kettle flute and sealed properly. Steam from the boiler flows into the kettle with the pressure of 0.5 barG, 1 barG and 1.5 barG for 5, 6 and 7 hours. Mixture oil and water out of the condenser are accommodated and let stand for 24 hours to separate water and oil. Clove leaf oil was purified with 10% bentonite by weight of oil at a temperature of 50oC with stirring for 1 hour. Clove leaf oil that has separated from bentonite added anhydrous Na2SO4 and let stand for 15 minutes and then separate the water and Na2SO4 in oil. Samples with % yield of the largest in its chemical composition analysis using GCMS. Based on the results obtained the largest yield is 1.84% with content of eugenol is 65.03% and 20.94% trans-caryophyllene. Keywords : Clove leaf, Eugenol, Essential Oil, Steam distillationAbstrakMinyak atsiri sangat dibutuhkan dalam berbagai industri seperti industri parfum, kosmetik, farmasi, industri makanan, dan minuman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi kimia minyak atsiri daun cengkeh dari proses penyulingan uap menggunakan analisa GCMS. Daun cengkeh kering seberat 1,5 kg yang sudah bersih dari kotoran dimasukkan dalam ketel suling dan ditutup dengan rapat. Steam dari boiler dialirkan ke ketel suling dengan tekanan 0,5 barG, 1 barG dan 1,5 barG selama 5, 6 dan 7 jam. Campuran minyak dan air yang keluar dari kondenser ditampung dan diamkan selama 24 jam untuk memisahkan air dan minyak. Minyak daun cengkeh dimurnikan dengan bentonit 10% dari berat minyak pada suhu 50oC sambil diaduk selama 1 jam. Minyak daun cengkeh yang telah terpisah dari bentonit ditambahkan Na2SO4 anhidrat dan diamkan selama 15 menit kemudian pisahkan air dan Na2SO4 dalam minyak. Sampel dengan % rendemen terbesar di analisa komposisi kimianya menggunakan GCMS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapat rendemen terbesar adalah 1,84% dengan kadar yaitu eugenol 65,03% dan trans-caryophyllene 20.94%.Kata kunci : Daun cengkeh, Eugenol, Minyak atsiri, Penyulingan uap","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124689477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studi proses koagulasi air baku untuk air bersih di wilayah bencana pasca tsunami kabupaten aceh besar","authors":"I. Sutapa","doi":"10.5614/JTKI.2009.8.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/JTKI.2009.8.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Study on raw water coagulation process for potable water production in the post-tsunami disaster areas district aceh besarThe coagulation – flocculation process in potable water treatment is very important to be studied in greater detail, since it has a very major impact on subsequent water purification processes and the quality of the water product. Types of coagulant that are commonly used are aluminum sulfate (alum) and poly-aluminum chloride (PAC). The objective of this research was to determine the optimum coagulant type and concentration to be applied for the treatment of surface water in post-tsunami disaster areas. This research is urgently required to design clean water installation in such area. Jar test of coagulants was performed to measure the efficiency of coagulation and sampling interval. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the raw water turbidity influences the sedimentation time. At turbidity below 15 NTU, the optimum sedimentation time was 5 minutes. At turbidities above 15 NTU, the sedimentation was quicker, namely 1 minute. Based on jar test results on Krueng Raya river water, it can be observed that this river water can be treated with aluminum sulfate coagulant at 20 ppm dose. When PAC coagulant was used, the optimum dose was 15 ppm.Keyword: coagulant, efficiency, coagulation, water quality.AbstrakProses koagulasi flokulasi dalam pengolahan air minum sangat penting untuk ditinjau lebih jauh karena mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat besar terhadap proses purifikasi air berikutnya dan kualitas air produksi. Jenis koagulan yang sering dipakai adalah alumunium sulfat (alum) dan poly alumunium chloride (PAC). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan tipe dan konsentrasi optimal koagulan yang diaplikasikan pada air baku berupa air permukaan di wilayah bencana pasca tsunami. Hal ini sangat diperlukan untuk membuat perencanaan rancangan instalasi pengolahan air bersih di wilayah tersebut. Jar test koagulan dilakukan untuk menentukan efisiensi koagulasi dan waktu sampling. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan kekeruhan air baku mempengaruhi waktu sedimentasi. Pada kekeruhan di bawah 15 Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU), waktu optimum sedimentasi adalah lima menit, tetapi pada air baku yang kekeruhannya di atas 15 NTU, waktu sedimentasi lebih cepat yaitu satu menit saja. Dari hasil jar tes yang dilakukan terhadap air di sungai Krueng Raya dapat dilihat bahwa air sungai Krueng Raya dapat diolah dengan bahan koagulan aluminium sulfat pada dosis 20 ppm, sedangkan jika menggunakan bahan koagulan PAC memerlukan dosis optimal 15 ppm.Kata kunci : koagulan, efisiensi, koagulasi, kualitas air","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115044196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pemanfaatan kulit singkong sebagai bahan baku pembuatan Natrium Karbosimetil Selulosa","authors":"S. Santoso, Niko Sanjaya, Aning Ayucitra","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2012.11.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2012.11.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"The use of cassava peels as raw material for Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose productionCassava peels are abundantly available and may be used as an lowcost cellulose source (80-85% cellulose per weight cassava peel). the study was to evaluate the effect of the concentration of sodium hydroxide, sodium chloroacetate, and temperature reaction on the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium-CMC) characteristics i.e. yield, purity, and degree of substitution in sodium-CMC preparation.  Sodium-CMC functional group was determined using FTIR spectrophotometer. Cassava peels was dried and grounded to 50 mesh. Lignin was eliminated from cassava peel by extraction of grounded cassava peel with 10% NaOH at 35 °C for 5 h. Cassava peel free lignin was then re-extracted using 10% of acetic acid and sodium chloride at 75 °C for 1 h, thus cellulose free hemicellulose was obtained. Alkalization at 30 °C for 90 min was performed by adding sodium hydroxyde at 10-40% to cellulose using isopropyl alcohol solvent. Following this, etherification was conducted by adding sodium chloroacetate of 1-5 g at 50-80 °C for 6 h. As result, the highest purity of sodium-CMC (96.20%) was obtained from alkalization using 20% of sodium hydroxide and etherification using 3 g sodium chloroacetate at 70 °C. Sodium-CMC yield was 22% and degree of substitution 0.705.Keywords: cassava peel, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium-CMC, etherification AbstrakKulit singkong merupakan sumber selulosa yang berlimpah dan murah, dengan kadar selulosa 80-85% dari berat kulit singkong. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan selulosa dalam kulit singkong sebagai bahan baku pembuatan natrium karboksimetil selulosa (Na-CMC), mempelajari pengaruh natrium hidroksida, natrium kloroasetat serta suhu pada karakteristik Na-CMC seperti perolehan, kemurnian, dan derajat substitusi, serta menentukan kondisi operasi optimum untuk pembuatan Na-CMC berdasarkan kemurnian Na-CMC terbesar. Gugus fungsi Na-CMC ditentukan menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra. Mula-mula, kulit singkong dikeringkan dan dihancurkan sehingga berukuran 50 mesh. Kulit singkong diekstraksi dengan NaOH 10% di suhu 35 °C selama 5 jam, untuk melarutkan lignin. Kulit singkong bebas lignin diekstrak dengan asam asetat 10% dan natrium klorida dengan pemanasan 750 °C selama 1 jam untuk melarutkan hemiselulosa sehingga didapatkan selulosa. Alkalisasi dilakukan dengan mereaksikan selulosa dengan NaOH 10-40% dengan pelarut isopropil alkohol pada suhu 30 °C selama 90 menit, dilanjutkan eterifikasi dengan natrium kloroasetat 1-5 g pada suhu 50-80 °C selama 6 jam. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, karakteristik Na-CMC terbaik didapatkan dari alkalisasi selulosa menggunakan NaOH 20% serta eterifikasi menggunakan 3 g natrium kloroasetat pada suhu 70 °C. Perolehan Na-CMC yang didapat adalah sebesar 22%, kemurnian 96,20%, derajat substitusi 0,705; termasuk dalam grade kedua menurut SNI 06-3736-1995.Kata kunci: kulit singkong, karboksimetil selulosa, Na-CMC, et","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"55 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130942355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pemanfaatan ampas tebu dan kulit pisang dalam pembuatan kertas serat campuran","authors":"Yosephine Allita, V. Gala, Aning Ayu Citra, Ery Susiany Retnoningtyas","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2012.11.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2012.11.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of sugarcane baggase and banana peel for mixed-fiber-paper production Mixed fiber paper, also known as composite paper, is a paper made of two different fibers that aims to strengthen the paper. In this study, mixed fiber paper for packaging purposes was made by utilizing bagasse pulp and used newsprint pulp. As a binder, banana peel may be used since it contains starch and fiber. The objectives of this research were to study the effect of bagasse pulp composition and newsprint pulp, as well as to determine the mass amount of binder used in producing mixed fiber paper which has both tear resistance and tensile strength suitable for packaging paper. Mixed fiber paper was made by varying the ratio of bagasse pulp and newsprint pulp as follows: 0:100, 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, 90:10, and 100:0. The study also carried out variation in binder concentration from banana skin flour of 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55 g/4 L. As results, mixed fiber papers produced in this study have met the requirement of Indonesia National Standard (SNI) of base paper for wrapping (SNI 14-6519-2001). Mixed fiber paper with composition of 30% bagasse pulp and 35 g/4 L banana peel binder concentration has tear resistance of 4,018 kN/m and tensile strength of 20,5 N, although the grammage of all papers is above the standard. Keywords: mixed fiber paper, bagasse pulp, banana peel binder, packaging paperAbstrakKertas serat campuran (atau kertas komposit) merupakan kertas yang terbuat dari dua jenis serat berbeda yang bertujuan untuk memperkuat kertas tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini, pulp ampas tebu dan pulp kertas koran bekas digunakan untuk membuat kertas serat campuran dengan tujuan aplikasi kertas kemasan. Sebagai binder, digunakan kulit pisang yang mengandung pati dan serat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari komposisi pulp ampas tebu dan pulp kertas koran, serta untuk mengetahui massa binder yang digunakan agar dihasilkan kertas serat campuran dengan ketahanan sobek dan kekuatan tarik yang paling sesuai untuk aplikasi kertas kemasan. Proses yang digunakan untuk membuat pulp ampas tebu adalah proses acetosolv. Kertas serat campuran dibuat dengan variasi komposisi pulp ampas tebu dan pulp kertas koran dengan perbandingan 0:100, 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, dan 70:30. Selain itu, dilakukan juga variasi konsentrasi binder kulit pisang sebanyak 15, 25, 35, 45, dan 55 g/4 L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kertas serat campuran yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi standar kertas dasar kertas bungkus berlaminasi sesuai SNI 14-6519-2001. Kertas serat campuran yang dibuat dengan komposisi pulp ampas tebu 30% dan konsentrasi binder 35 g/4 L menghasilkan ketahanan sobek sebesar 4,018 KN/m dan kekuatan tarik sebesar 20,5 N walaupun gramatur kertas lebih besar dari standar yang ditetapkan.Kata kunci: kertas serat campuran, pulp ampas tebu, binder kulit pisang, kertas kemasan","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114899148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membran nonofiltrasi untuk penghilangan ion valensi tinggi dan senyawa organik dari sumber air salinitas tinggi","authors":"Iman Ciptaraharja, V. S. Praptowidodo","doi":"10.5614/JTKI.2006.5.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/JTKI.2006.5.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Utilization of nanofiltration membrane for high valence ion and organic compound removing from high salinized water source.The influence of solvent selection to membrane morphology for cellulose acetate nanofiltration membrane preparation in mass transfer of a multistage reverse osmosis process is studied. Membrane is prepared via precipitation immersion technique. The polymer used in this study is cellulose acetate (CA) with a concentration of 25 %-w. The feed concentration of univalent ion solution (NaCl) is varied between 2000-16.000 mg/L. The operating pressure is adjusted such that the operating pressure is three times of the osmotic pressure of NaCl solution. The concentration of bivalent ion (CaCl2), trivalent ion (FeCl3), and organic substance (glucose) are 200 mg/L, 50 mg/L, and 100 mg/L, respectively. The morphology of the membrane is characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Membrane CA-01 (CA/DMF/Water) is a nanofiltration membrane with a thinner active layer and a more porous support layer than membrane CA-02 (CA/Aceton/Watter) which is categorized as a reverse osmosis membrane. A reduced feed concentration (at a fixed operating pressure) gives an elevated flux however the rejection is decreased. Meanwhile, an elevated operating pressure (at a fixed feed concentration) gives an elevated flux and rejection. Membrane CA-01 has met the requirement as a nanofiltration membrane since it gives 66 % rejection for NaCl at 20 Bar. At the same operating pressure, membrane CA-01 gives rejection for CaCl2, FeCl3, and glucose of 80.45%, 82.14%, and 83.42%, respectively.Keywords: Cellulose Acetate, Membrane, Multistage, Nanotiltration, Reverse Osmosis, Saline WaterAbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh jenis pelarut dalam pembuatan membran nanofiltrasi dari polimer selulosa asetat terhadap struktur morfologi membran dalam peristiwa perpindahan massa pada proses pemisalan osmosis balik multitahap. Teknik pembuatan membran yang digunakan adalah presipitasi imersi. Polimer membran yang digunakan adalah seulosa asetat (CA) pada konsentrasi 25 %-berat. Umpan yang digunakan adalah larutan ion valensi satu (NaCl) dengan variasi konsentrasi antara 2000 hingga 16.000 mg/L. Tekanan operasi diatur sedemikian rupa sehingga nilai rekanan operasi adalah sekitar tiga kali tekanan osmotik larutan NaCl. Percobaan juga dilakukan untuk umpan larutan ion valensi dua (CaCl2), ion valensi tiga (FeCl3), dan senyawa organik (glukosa) dengan konsentrasi, berturut-turut, adalah 200 mg/L, 50 mg/L,  dan 100 mg/L. Struktur morfologi membran diuji menggunakan metoda Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Membran CA-01 (CA/DMF/Air) merupakan membran nanofiltrasi dengan lapisan aktif yang lebih tipis dan ukuran pori lapisan penyangga yang lebih besar daripada membran CA-02 (CA/Aseton/Air), yang termasuk ke dalam membran osmosis balik. Penurunan konsentrasi umpan pada tekanan operasi yang tetap memberikan nilai fluks yang meningkat, namun memberikan","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116724420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable polymer dari asam laktat","authors":"I. Noezar, V. S. Praptowidodo, R. Nugraheni, M. H. Nasution","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2007.6.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2007.6.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to learn and to make the biodegradable polymer, Poly(lactic acid), from lactic acid by condensation polymerization without catalyst. Poly(lactic acid) that will be produced in this research should have the molecular weight between 3000-5000 grams/mole. The scopes of this research are the_purification of lactic acid, purity analysis, polymerization reaction, and polymer's characteristic analysis. The method of lactic acid purification is distillation in nitrogen atmosphere. Polymerization reaction which is used in this research is the condensation polymerization without catalyst. The polymer's characteristics that will be analyzed are molecular weight and  degradation time Molecular weight is analyzed by viscosimetry method and Gel Permeation Chromatography. Degradation time is analyzed by landfill method Based on this research, purification of D,L-lactic acid (91%-weight) reaches 98%-weight and for L-lactic acid (93%-weight) reaches 96%-berat. Molecular weight of D,L-lactic acid between 450-3600 grams/mole and L-lactic acid between 4200-8500 grams/mole.  The degradation time of polymer is 5 weeks.Keywords: Poly(lactic acid), polymer,  biodegradable AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dan mensintesis biodegradable polymer, Poly(lactic acid) dari asam laktat melalui reaksi polimerisasi kondensasi tanpa katalis. Poly(lactic acid) yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini diharapkan memiliki berat molekul antara 3000-5000 gram/mol. Ruang lingkup penelitian meliputi pemurnian asam laktat, analisa kemurnian asam laktat, reaksi polimerisasi kondensasi dan karakterisasi polimer. Pemurnian asam laktat dilakukan melalui distilasi pada atmosfer nitrogen dan tekanan 1 atmosfer. Reaksi polimerisasi dilakukan melalui polimerisasi kondensasi tanpa katalis dengan variasi waktu reaksi pengadukan mekanik dan laju pemanasan. Karakteristik polimer yang dianalisis adalah berat molekul dan waktu degradasi. Berat molekul dianalisis dengan metode GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) dan viskosimetri. Degradasi polimer dilakukan secara landfill. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan, pemurnian asam laktat untuk monomer D,L-Lacticacid (91%-berat) mencapai 98%-berat sedangkan untuk monomer L-Lactic acid (93%-berat) mencapai 96%-berat. Berat molekul yang dihasilkan untuk monomer D,L-Lactic acid adalah 450 - 3600 gram/mol sedangkan untuk monomer L-Lactic acid adalah 4200- 8500 gram/mol. Waktu degradasi polimer secara landfill adalah 5 minggu.Kata kunci : Poly(lactic acid), polimer, biodegradable","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128689607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}