Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia最新文献

{"title":"Karakterisisasi lapisan film jatuh (FLF) pada dinding dalam tabung vertikal oleh pengumpan pusar secara eksperimen dan simulasi CFD","authors":"Yazid Bindar, Rusdi Wijisaksono","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2006.5.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2006.5.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Falling liquid film characterization in the inside wall of vertical tube using whirl feeder through experiment and  CFD simulationFalling Liquid Film (FLF) from swirl feed holes were characterized through experiment and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation. The falling liquid film is quantified by its thickness. The effect of liquid flow rate, physical properties and diameter of swirl holes are successfully correlated to form a model that is based on the liquid film theory. The FLF dimensionless thickness linearly relates to power functions of Reynolds and Galilea numbers. The minimum mass flow increases with the size of the swirl holes. The minimum Reynolds number of the inlet does not change with swirl hole sizes. The CFD investigations were conducted using k-turbulent model and multi phase system. Falling film thickness was calculated using axial velocity data resulted from CFD investigation. Calculated falling film thickness using CFD method  agrees very well with measured one for both systems. Combination between physical and CFD experiments has the advantages in determining the critical diameter of the swirl hole that still produce good FLF characteristics.Keywords: CFD Simulation, Falling film, Film Layer, Stripper AbstrakLapis anfilm jatuh (FLF) yang dihasilkan oleh pengumpan pusar dikarekterisasi secara percobaan dan simulasi Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Karakter FLF yang dikuantifikasi adalah ketebalannya. Karakter FLF dipengaruhi diameter lubang pusar, laju alir cairan, danjenis cairan. Pengaruh laju alir, sifat fisik dan ukuran lubang pusar terhadap ketebalan FLF dimodelkan dalam bentuk persamaan tidak berdimensi. Ketebalan FLF tak berdimensi mempunyai korelasi pangkat dengan bilangan Reynolds dan bilangan Galilleo. Ini didukung oleh konsep teoritisnya. Karakter­ karakter lain dari FLF yang dikaji adalah nilai bilangan Reynold minimum untuk pembentukan FLF dan diameter maksimum lubang pusar yang diizinkan. FLF pada rejim laminar beriak dan rejim turbulen lebih tebal dari FLF pada rejim laminer tak beriak. Simulasi CFD dilakukan dengan menggunakan model turbulent k- dan sistem multi fasa campuran gas dan cair. Simulasi CFD memiliki kemampuan yang sangat lengkap untuk perkiraan nilai karakter FLF pada semua posisi tiga dimensinya. Hasil perkiraan ketebalan FLF dengan simulasi CFD berada dalam rentang nilai hasil percobaan. Kombinasi percobaan dan simulasi CFD untuk karakterisasi FLF ternyata sangat efektif dengan pendekatan percobaan yang sederhana dan murahKata kunci: Falling film, Lapisan film, Simulasi CFD, Stripper ","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128107426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aktivasi bentonit alam pacitan sebagai bahan penyerap pada proses pemurnian minyak sawit","authors":"Ailen Tanjaya, S. Sudono, N. Indraswati, Suryadi Ismadji","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2006.5.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2006.5.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Application of pacitan's bentonite as adsorbent in purification process of palm oil. Bentonite is one of the widely use adsorbent which is usually used in the bleaching process of edible palm oil to remove pigments color and other impurities which can improve the sensory quality and the oxidative stability of the oil. Bleaching capacity from bentonite can be improved by acid activation, to modified the structure as well as to improve the sorptive surface area. The aim of this research was to determine the optimum acid concentration for the activation of bentonite from Pacitan, East Java. The bleaching capacity of activated bentonite was evaluated based on color, free fatty acid (FFA) and peroxide value (PV) contents of bleached palm oil. The activation was carried out using sulfitric acid (HSO) and hydrochloride acid (HCI) as activating agents at a ranges of concentrations from 1 N to 10 N. The bleaching process of crude palm oil was conducted at 100 C for 10 mins. The bleached palm oil were analyzed for its colur, free fatty acid (FFA) and peroxide value (PV) contents. From this study it can be concluded that the activation process using HCl 5 N gave the optimum bleaching capacity.Keywords: Bleaching earth; Acid activation; Bentonite; Color; Free fatty acid; Peroxide value AbstrakBentonit merupakan salah satu jenis adsorben yang sering digunakan pada proses bleaching minyak kelapa sawit untuk menyerap zat warna dan pengotor-pengotor dalam minyak. Kemampuan bleaching dari bentonit dapat ditingkatkan dengan aktivasi dengan asam untuk meningkatkan luas permukaan dan memodifikasi struktur bentonit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan jenis dan konsentrasi asam yang optimum pada proses aktivasi bentonit Pacitan. Kemampuan bleaching bentonit dievaluasi berdasarkan parameter warna, kadar asam lemak bebas (Free Fatty Acid, FFA) dan bilangan peroksida (Peroxide Value, PV) pada bleached palm oil. Proses aktivasi bentonit dilakukan menggunakan asam sulfat (H2SO4) dan asam klorida (HCl) dengan variasi konsentrasi 1-10 N. Bentonit yang telah diaktivasi digunakan untuk proses bleaching degummed palm oil pad a suhu 100 C selama 10 menit. Bleached palm oil dianalisa warna (dengan lovibond tintometer), kadar FFA dan PV Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa bentonit Pacitan yang diaktivasi menggunakan HCl 5 N, memberikan hasil bleaching yang optimum.Kata kunci : Bleaching earth; Aktivasi asam; Bentonit; Wama; Asam lemak bebas; Bilangan peroksida","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126704443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peningkatan efisiensi penggunaan koagulan pada unit pengolahan air limbah batu bara","authors":"Misri Gozan, Praswasti Pdk Wulan, Hardi Putra","doi":"10.5614/JTKI.2009.8.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/JTKI.2009.8.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Coagulant efficiency improvement for coal waste water treatment.Wastewater from coal processing plant (CPP) might dissolve hazardous particles to the environment. Coagulant was used at wastewater treatment in Kalimantan coal industry in an open pond so that coagulation and precipitation were not optimal. This research was aimed to improve the coagulant performance. Wastewater samples taken from the field were tested by using Jar Tests to compare the performance of coagulants. Coagulant used were alum, Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) and Nalcolyte 8100 with the needs of 18.65 kg alum (50 ppm), 57.6 liters of PAC (150 ppm) and Nalcolyte 1.865 liter (5 ppm) at wastewater flow rate of 4.31 L/s. Jar Test results showed that the resulting sediment of alum and PAC were not stable and required substantial time to settle. Particle size sediment produced by using 8100 Nalcolyte was large enough so that the deposition process was faster and not easily susceptible to interference. Pool dredging or cleaning time for alum (50 ppm), PAC (150 ppm) and Nalcolyte 8100 (5 ppm) were 4, 4 and 6 days, respectively.Key words: precipitation, coagulant, wastewater treatment ponds, coal. AbstrakAir limbah dari proses pengolahan batubara berpotensi merusak lingkungan karena melarutkan partikel yang mengandung B3. Penggunaan koagulan dalam salah satu kolam pengolahan air limbah industri batubara di Kalimantan dibuat pada tanah galian terbuka sehingga koagulasi dan presipitasi tidak optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperbaiki unjuk kerja penggunaan koagulan pada pengolahan air limbah dan modifikasi kolam pengolahan. Sampel air limbah diambil dari lapangan dan dilakukan Jar Tes untuk membandingkan kinerja koagulan. Koagulan yang digunakan adalah tawas, Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) dan Nalcolyte 8100 sebesar 18,65 kg tawas (50 ppm); 57,6 Liter PAC (150 ppm); dan 1,865 Liter Nalcolyte (5 ppm) pada laju alir air limbah 4,31 L/dtk. Hasil Jar Tes menunjukkan endapan yang dihasilkan tawas dan PAC bersifat tidak stabil dan membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama untuk mengendap. Ukuran partikel endapan dengan Nalcolyte 8100 cukup besar sehingga proses pengendapan menjadi lebih cepat dan tidak mudah mengalami gangguan. Waktu pengerukan atau pembersihan kolam untuk koagulan tawas (50 ppm), PAC (150 ppm) dan Nalcolyte 8100 (5 ppm)  masing-masing adalah 4, 4 dan 6 hari sekali, secara berurutan.Kata kunci: pengendapan, koagulan, kolam pengolahan air limbah, batubara.","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"119 36","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120823914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karakteristik pati sagu dengan metode modifikasi asetilasi dan cross-linking","authors":"W AlbertTeja, P IgnatiusSindi, Aning Ayucitra, L. Setiawan","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2008.7.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2008.7.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Sago, one of the main sources of carbohydrate, is commonly used as a substitute material of rice especially in Eastern Indonesia. Sago starch is now finding increasing application in various food products such as sago meals, biscuits, noodles, and desserts. Native sago starch exhibits relatively retrogradation resulting in the formation of a long cohesive gel with increased syneresis. In order to overcome drawbacks of native sago starch, chemical modifications can be carried out to improve its properties. Many types of chemical modification have been applied to starches of various plant sources, including cross-linking and acetylation. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of cross-linking and acetylation modifications to the properties of the sago starch before and after modification. As results, the acetylated starches showed higher swelling power (e.g. increased from 8,3245 to 38,6066 g wet sediment/g initial dry starch) and solubility (e.g. 14,3467 to 33,1876% w/w) and dereased in retrogradation tendencies (16,7399 to 1,3847% separated water) when compared with cross-linking starches and the corresponding native starch. It was observed that the changes in these properties were proportional to the DS achieved by each modification. As for paste clarity, native sago starch showed better characteristic amongst all starches which was shown by the lowest value of absorbance i.e. 0.142.Keywords: acetylation; cross-linking; characteristics; sago starchAbstrakSagu yang memiliki sumber karbohidrat yang cukup besar dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pangan alternatif. Untuk memperoleh kualitas produk yang diinginkan, karakteristik pati sagu dapat dimodifikasi. Metode modifikasi pati yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah asetilasi dan cross-linking. Prinsip kedua modifikasi ini hampir sama, yaitu mensubstitusi gugus hidroksil pada pati; substitusi dengan gugus asetil pada asetilasi dan substitusi dengan gugus fosfat pada cross-linking. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membandingkan karakteristik pati sagu (solubility, swelling power, freeze-thaw stability, dan paste clarity) yang telah dimodifikasi secara      asetilasi dan cross-linking pada berbagai variasi waktu reaksi serta terhadap pati yang tidak dimodifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik swelling power, solubility, dan freeze-thaw stability dari pati sagu yang mengalami modifikasi secara asetilasi cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pati sagu yang mengalami modifikasi secara cross-linking maupun pati sagu yang tidak mengalami modifikasi. Karakteristik pati sagu mengalami peningkatan dari 8,3245 g/g menjadi 38,6066 g/g untuk swelling power dan 14,3467% menjadi 33,1876% untuk solubilty. Karakteristik freeze-thaw stability juga mengalami peningkatan yang ditunjukkan oleh semakin sedikitnya jumlah air yang terpisahkan yaitu dari 16,7399 menjadi 1,3847%. Peningkatan ini sebanding dengan kenaikan harga derajat substitusi (DS) untuk masing-masing modifikasi. Unt","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116897582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solvoltylic micellization dalam penjumputan karoten dari biodiesel sawit","authors":"Maslan Lamria, T. H. Soerawidjaja","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2006.5.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2006.5.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Carotene is a minor constituent with concentration of hundreds of ppm in Crude Palm Oil, which has economic value much more than biodiesel.  Carotene in palm biodiesel (alkyl ester) needs to be concentrated before doing main process for its recovery. Solvolytic micellization is a good method to concentrate carotene in palm biodiesel. The objectives of this research are to know the best type and composition of solvents used and to evaluate effectiveness of multistage solvolytic micellization. Before running solvolytic micellization, adsorption process using Al2O3, Ca(OH)2  and  activated carbon adsorbents is done to proof the importance of thickening process in carotene recovery from palm biodiesel. In this research, minor solvent is water. Types of tried major solvents are acetone, isopropanol, ethanol and methanol.  To determine the best solvents composition, volumetric ratio of major solvent to crude biodiesel is varied from 1 to 8 and minor solvent to major solvent from 1% to 5%. Number of stages done in evaluation of multistage solvolytic micellization is 5. Parameters evaluated in every stage's output are shrinkage occurred and carotene content & yield. According to this research, the best main solvent is methanol. The best volumetric ratios of methanol to crude biodiesel and water to methanol are 5 and 2.5% respectively. Performing 5 stages of solvolytic micellization with the best condition according to this research can concentrate carotene from 649 ppm (0.0649%) to 70228ppm (7.0228%).Keywords: Palm Biodiesel; Carotene; Recovery; Solvolytic Micellization AbstrakKaroten adalah salah satu senyawa minor berkadar ratusan ppm dalam minyak sawit mentah yang memiliki nilai ekonomis jauh lebih tinggi dari biodiesel. Karoten dalam biodiesel (ester alkif) sawit perlu dipekatkan sebelum pelaksanaan proses utama penjumputannya. Solvolytic micellization merupakan metoda yang baik untuk memekatkan karaten di dalam biodiesel sawit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis dan komposisi terbaik pelarut serta mengevaluasi keefektifan multistage solvolytic micellization. Sebelum tempuhan solvolytic micellization dilakukan pembuktian perlunya proses pemekatan dalam penjumputan karaten dari biodiesel sawit melalui proses adsorpsi menggunakan adsorben Al2O3, Ca(OH)2 dan karbon aktif. Dalam penelitian ini, pelarut minor yang digunakan adalah air. Jenis-jenis pelarut utama yang dicoba adalah aseton, isopropanol, etanol, dan metana. Untuk menentukan komposisi terbaik pelarut, variasi dilakukan pada perbandingan volum pelarut utama terhadap volum biodiesel mentah (1 s/d 8) dan perbandingan volum pelarut minor terhadap volum pelarut utama (1 s/d 5 %). Untuk mengevaluasi keefektifan multistage solvolytic micellization, jumlah tahap yang dilakukan adalah 5. Parameter-parameter yang dievaluasi pada hasil dari setiap tahap yang dilakukan adalah penyusutan yang terjadi beserta kadar dan perolehan karoten yang dihasilkan. Pelarut utama terbaik menurut penelit","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129092222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulasi produksi hidrogen melalui CO2 methane reforming pada reaktor membran","authors":"Azis Trianto, C IraSantrinaJ, S. Yuwono","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2007.6.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2007.6.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen is a promising alternative fuel to establish environmentally friendly energy generation system. One of the methods for producing hydrogen is C02 methane reforming (CMR) process. Despite producing H2, this process also consumes CO2 enabling it to be used as a scheme for mitigating CO2. Conventionally, the hydrogen production via CMR is conducted in a fixed bed reactor. However low conversion is usually found in this kind of reactor. To increase conversion, a membrane reactor can be used. Two types of membrane may be employed to conduct this reaction, i.e. prorous  vycor and nanosil membrane  reactor.  This study  evaluated the  performances  of CMR con 1ucted in membrane ractors andfixed-bed reactor. The results show that the conversion obtained in nanosil membrane reactor is higher than those obtained in porous vycor membrane reactor and fixed-bed reactor. With the change in reactant flowrate, it is obtained that the conversions in membrane reactors are more stable than those infixed bed reactors.Keywords: Hydrogen Production, Membrane Reactor, Methane Reforming AbstrakHidrogen merupakan bahan bakar alternatif yang sangat menjanjikan untuk sistem pembangkitan energi yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Salah satu rute produksi hidrogen adalah melalui reformasi metana dengan karbondioksida (C02 Methane Reforming/CMR). Saat ini telah dikembangkan proses CMR menggunakan membran yang mampu meningkatkan laju produksi H2• Pada makalah ini dikaji dua tipe reaktor membran untuk maksud peningkatan produksi hidrogen tersebut, yakni reaktor membran dengan basis membran porous vycor dan nanosil. Sebagai pembanding, dilakukanjuga evaluasi unjuk kerja reaksi CMRpada reaktorfzxe-bed. Hasil kajian ini menurljukkan bahwa reaktor nanosil danporous vycor mampu memberikan konversiyang lebih besar dibanding reaktor fixed-bed. Lebihjauh, reaktor membran dengan nanosil membran mampu memberikan laju produksi hidrogen yang lebih tinggi dibanding reaktor membran dengan membran porous vycor. Lebih jauh, pada perubahan laju molar reaktan, reaktor membran menurijukkan stabilitas yang lebih baik dibanding reaktor fixed-bed.Kata Kunci: Produksi Hidrogen, Reaktor Membran, Reformasi Metana","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125365970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of rate parameter for kinetics of nitrification","authors":"S. Juliastuti, J. Baeyens, C. Creemers, J. Degrève","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2005.4.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2005.4.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of rate parameter for kinetics of nitrification The nitrification process is the bottleneck step in the total nitrogen removal. The formation of nitrate is considered as the rate limiting step in the whole process and its kinetics determine the design of the nitrification reactor. Heavy metals (Zn2+ and Cu2+) and different organic compounds are used as micropollutants. These kinetics were experimentally measured by respirometry. In line with the aim of the paper, the experimental investigation are conducted to develop design equations to describe kinetic rate relationships under optimum conditions, study the parameter influence such as pH and inhibition by reaction intermediates and inhibition by external pollutants. Results demonstrate that the maximum value of the specific growth rate of autotrophic biomass() is 1.02 day at pH=7 and decreases at pH 7.5; inhibition occurs at substrate (NH4) concentrations in excess of 15 mg N/l; inhibition occurs at increasing concentrations of NO –N and Cu2+ has more pronounced inhibitory effect than Zn2+. The inhibitory effect of organic compounds are listed as the Chlorobenzene > Trichloroethylene> Phenol> Ethyl benzene; the experimental oxygen uptake rate (OUR)-test results the autotrophic kinetic parameter values, which can be used in design equations. Keywords: Respirometry,  Autotrophic Biomass,  Nitrification, Oxygen Uptake Rate Abstrak Proses nitrifikasi merupakan langkah penting pada penurunan kadar total nitrogen. Pembentukan nitrat dianggap sebagai tahap pembatas kecepatan reaksi pada keseluruhan proses dan kinetikanya menentukan perancangan dari bagian proses nitrifikasi. Logam berat (Zn2+ dan Cu2+) dan berbagai jenis komponen organik digunakan sebagai mikropolutan. Kinetika ini secara eksperimental diukur menggunakan respirometer. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengembangkan persamaan perancangan yang menggambarkan hubungan laju kinetika pada kondisi optimum, studi pengaruh parameter seperti pH, inhibisi karena reaksi intermediat, dan inhibisi oleh polutan dari luar. Hasil penelitian ditunjukkan sebagai berikut: harga laju pertumbuhan  biomasa autotrof maksimum spesifik  adalah 1,02 hari-1 pada pH=7 dan menurun pada pH 7,5; inhibisi terjadi pada konsentrasi substrat (NH4+) lebih besar dari 15 mg N/l; inhibisi terjadi pada peningkatan  konsentrasi NO -N ;Cu2+  lebih dikenal sebagai penyebab  inhibisi  daripada Zn2+. Efek inhibisi dari komponen organik di daftar mulai dari Chlorobenzene sampai Ethylbenzen. Tes OUR menghasilkan harga parameter kinetika yang dapat dipakai pad apersamaan perencanaan  lumpur aktif nitrifikasi. Kata Kunci: Respirometer, BiomasaAutotrof, Nitrifikasi, Laju Kenaikan Oksigen","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121123428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transesterifikasi parsial minyak kelapa sawit dengan etanol pada pembuatan digliserida sebagai agen pengemulsi","authors":"Rita Arbianti, Tani Surya Utami, Heri Hermansyah, Ira Setiawati, Eki Listya Rini","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2009.8.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2009.8.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Partial transesterification of palm oil with ethanol in diglyceride production as emulsifierHigh growth rate of palm oil production has encouraged palm diversification to be other products with higher economic value, which one of them is emulsifier. Emulsifier based on vegetable oil is biodegradable so they won’t soil our environment. Besides that, its continuity of provisioning is also ensured because it is a renewable resource. In production of emulsifier based on palm oil, transesterification reaction is a first step that influences quality of emulsifier produced. The aim of this research is to determine the condition of palm oil partial transesterification. The partial transesterification process used NaOH as catalyst and palm oil. Variables varied were percent weight of NaOH (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 {mole NaOH/kg oil}), transesterification temperature (40, 50, 60, and 70oC), reaction time (15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes), ratio of reactant (1:3, 1:4, 1:5, and 1:6{mole oil:mole ethanol}),  to discuss these effects to diglyceride product activity. Diglyceride product was tested by its ability as emulsifier in system stability of oil/water emulsion and to decrease surface tension of water. Result of this research indicated that diglyceride product has optimum declining of surface tension of water on percent weight of NaOH of 0.3 mole NaOH/kg oil, transesterification temperature of 50 oC, reaction time of 30 minutes, and ratio of reactant of 1:6 mole oil: mole ethanol.Keywords: diglyceride, emulsifier, NaOH, palm oil, transesterification. AbstrakLaju pertumbuhan produksi minyak kelapa sawit yang tinggi mendorong perlunya diversifikasi minyak kelapa sawit menjadi produk lain dengan nilai ekonomis tinggi, salah satunya adalah sebagai agen pengemulsi. Agen pengemulsi yang dibuat dari minyak nabati bersifat biodegradable, sehingga tidak mencemari lingkungan, dan kesinambungan pengadaannya terjamin karena berasal dari sumber daya alam yang dapat diperbaharui. Dalam produksi agen pengemulsi berbahan baku minyak kelapa sawit, reaksi transesterifikasi merupakan tahapan awal yang akan mempengaruhi kualitas produk yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kondisi transesterifikasi parsial minyak kelapa sawit. Proses transesterifikasi menggunakan NaOH sebagai katalis dan minyak kelapa sawit. Variabel yang divariasikan untuk mengkaji pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja produk digliserida yang dihasilkan adalah persen berat katalis NaOH (0,1, 0,2, 0,3, dan 0,4 {mol NaOH/kg minyak}), suhu transesterifikasi (40, 50, 60, dan 70 oC), waktu transesterifikasi  (15, 20, 25, dan 30 menit), dan rasio reaktan (1:3, 1:4, 1:5, dan 1:6 {mol minyak:mol etanol}). Produk digliserida diuji kemampuannya sebagai agen pengemulsi dalam menurunkan tegangan permukaan air, serta dalam menjaga kestabilan emulsi minyak/air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk digliserida memiliki kemampuan menurunkan tegangan permukaan air optimum pada persen berat katalis NaOH sebesar 0,3 m","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121132342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perbandingan aktivitas katalis nikel dan katalis tembaga pada reaksi hidrogenasi metil ester untuk pembuatan surfaktan","authors":"Tani Surya Utami, Rita Arbianti, Heri Hermansyah, Wiwik Handayani, Desti Andani","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2009.8.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2009.8.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Surfactant has ability in decreasing surface tension, interfacial surface tension, and increasing stability of emulsion systems. Surfactant is used in several industry such as soap and detergent industry, healthcare and cosmetics industry. One major advantage of oleochemical surfactant is its renewable and degradable properties regarding environmental issue. This surfactant is made using methyl esther from coconut oil through hydrogenation of methyl esther (methyl laurate) by using metal catalyst, sulfatation reaction by adding H2SO4, and neutralization by using NaOH. The goal of this research is to obtain the optimum reaction condition in aspects of several variables, such as temperature, hydrogen gas flow rate, and percent weight of catalyst in the hydrogenation reaction using Ni dan Cu catalyst. This research showed that the optimum operating conditions are 270 oC of temperature, 1 mL/s of H2 gas flow rate, and 30 %-wt of catalyst. Ni catalyst has better activity. After adding 25 %-wt of surfactants, it had surface tension of 26.4 mN/m and it could stabilize emulsion for 839 seconds. Keywords : hydrogenation, Cu catalyst, Ni catalyst, methyl esther, surfactant. Abstrak Surfaktan memiliki kemampuan menurunkan tegangan permukaan, tegangan antarmuka, dan meningkatkan kestabilan sistem emulsi. Hal ini membuat surfaktan banyak digunakan pada berbagai bidang industri seperti industri sabun, detergen, produk perawatan diri, dan kosmetika. Surfaktan berbahan baku oleokimia memiliki beberapa keunggulan, diantaranya bersifat terbarukan (renewable resources) dan secara alami mudah terdegradasi. Surfaktan ini dapat dibuat dengan menggunakan bahan baku metil ester dari minyak kelapa melalui reaksi hidrogenasi metil ester (metil laurat) dengan katalis logam, reaksi sulfatasi dengan menambahkan H2SO4, dan netralisasi dengan NaOH. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan kondisi optimum yang meliputi suhu reaksi, laju alir gas hidrogen, dan persentase berat katalis pada reaksi hidrogenasi metil laurat menggunakan katalis Ni dan Cu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi operasi optimum yang sama dari kedua katalis, yaitu pada suhu 270 oC, laju alir gas H2 1 mL/s, dan 30 %-berat katalis. Aktivitas katalis yang lebih baik diberikan oleh katalis Ni, dengan nilai penurunan tegangan permukaan air setelah ditambahkan surfaktan sebesar 26,4 mN/m dan stabilitas emulsi minyak-air setelah ditambahkan surfaktan sebesar 839 detik. Kata Kunci : hidrogenasi, katalis Cu, katalis Ni, metil ester, surfaktan.","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115803203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modifikasi SLS dengan epoksida dari asam oleat dan hidrogen peroksida untuk meningkatkan kualitas surfaktan pada EOR","authors":"Chitra Ria Ariska, Suryo Purwono, Bardi Murachman","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2011.10.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2011.10.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"SLS modification using epoxyde from oleat acid and hydrogen peroxyde to improve the quality of surfactant in EORSurfactant is one of the compounds used in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) which function is to enhance the oil production. One of the surfactants widely used is Sodium Ligno Sulfonat (SLS) due to its high degradability. However the modification with another compound is still needed in orderto decrease its Inter Facial Tension (IFT) until reach the ultralow IFT(±10-3 mN/m). One of the chemical compounds used to modify the surfactant is epoxidebecause it has reactive oxirane ring. The addition of oleic epoxide will increase solubility of surfactant in oil so it brings more stable microemulsion. Epoxidation of oleic acid was carried out with peroxyacetic acid that was generated insitu from aqueous hydrogen peroxide and glacial acetic acid. The modification of SLS was then done by adding the epoxide in various conversion resulted from epoxidation. The experiment was investigated at temperature, ratio of epoxide to SLS and reaction time of 70oC, 1:2 and 1 hour, respectively. The modified product were then measured their IFTat temperature of 30-60oC and tested the stability of microemulsion based on time of formation of microemulsion up back in its original state. The present study revealed that epoxides has capability to decrease IFT. The results of experiment shows that the lowest IFT is modification of epoxide with the conversion of 10% as 3,7 x10-3 mN/m and has most excellent stability with time 113 minutes.Keywords: epoxide, Sodium Ligno Sulfonat (SLS), microemulsion, surfactant, EOR AbstrakSurfaktan adalah salah satu bahan kimia yang digunakan dalam Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) untuk meningkatkan produksi minyak. Salah satu jenis surfaktan yang banyak digunakan adalah Sodium Ligno Sulfonat (SLS) karena mudah didegradasi limbahnya. Namun modifikasi dengan senyawa lain masih perlu dilakukan untuk menurunkan tegangan antarmuka atau Inter Facial Tension (IFT) hingga mencapai ultralow IFT (±10-3 mN/m). Salah satu bahan kimia yang dapat digunakan untuk modifikasi surfaktan adalah epoksida karena memiliki cincin oksiren yang reaktif. Penambahan epoksi oleat ini akan meningkatkan kelarutan surfaktan dalam minyak sehingga didapatkan mikroemulsi yang lebih stabil. Modifikasi SLS dibuat dengan menambahkan epoksida dengan variasi konversi yang dihasilkan dari proses epoksidasi. Percobaan dilakukan pada temperatur 70oC, rasio perbandingan epoksida:SLS adalah 1:2 dengan waktu reaksi 1 jam. IFT produk modifikasi diukur pada temperatur 30-60oC dan diuji kestabilan mikroemulsinya berdasarkan waktu pembentukan mikroemulsi sampai kembali pada keadaan semula. Dari penelitian didapatkan bahwa epoksida dapat menurunkan IFT. IFT paling rendah dihasilkan dari modifikasi epoksida dengan konversi 10%, yaitu 3,7 x10-3 mN/m dan memiliki kestabilan paling baik dengan waktu emulsi 113 menit.Kata kunci: epoksida, Sodium Ligno Sulfonat (SLS), mikroemulsi, surfaktan, EOR","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127124901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}