Journal of Haitian Studies最新文献

{"title":"Making The Black Jacobins: C.L.R. James and the Drama of History by Rachel Douglas (review)","authors":"Carine M. Mardorossian","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2022.a901951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2022.a901951","url":null,"abstract":"no. 3 (1992): 711–725; Carlo A. Célius, Langage plastique et énonciation identitaire: L’Invention de l’art haïtien (Québec: Les Presses de l’Université Laval, 2007); Carlo A. Célius, “Quelques aspects de la nouvelle scène artistique d’Haïti,” Gradhiva 21 (2015): 104–129; Cécile Accilien, “Engaging Haiti through Art and Religion,” in Teaching Haiti: Strategies for Creating New Narratives, edited by Cécile Accilien and Valérie K. Orlando (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2021), 68–91.","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123862615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Dwellings, Haitian Citizenships: Housing, Memory, and Daily Life in Haiti by Vincent Joos (review)","authors":"C. Kivland","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2022.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2022.0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123805783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“A Fossilized Utopia”? Debates over Foreign Landownership and Development in Haiti, 1830s–1870s","authors":"A. Eller","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2022.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2022.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Haiti’s constitutional article protecting against foreign land acquisition sparked infamy and controversy in the nineteenth century. In self-interested and racist terms, foreign capitalists and politicians condemned the article as if it were anomalous, an unnecessary vestige of the revolution, backward, or even monstrous. This essay considers a strain of Haitian liberalism that also advocated eliminating the protection, especially after coffee prices declined in the 1830s. However, steadfast popular opinion sustained the article through various constitutions. This protectionist conviction spurred multiple anticolonial mobilizations, reaching a peak in the late 1860s and early 1870s, when activists across the island organized against potential US annexation of the east and coaling stations in the west, and in favor of Cuban and Puerto Rican independence. These contests over protection offer a prehistory to Liberal and National Party debates in the 1880s, as well as the roots of Caribbean federation independence plans.","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122446593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching Haiti: Strategies for Creating New Narratives ed. by Cécile Accilien and Valérie K. Orlando","authors":"Darlène Dubuisson","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2022.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2022.0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115477157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Political Project of Marie Sainte Dédée Bazile (Défilée): Reappropriating This Heritage to Build the Present","authors":"Sabine Lamour","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2022.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2022.0001","url":null,"abstract":"On January 31, 2020, a gathering was held to remember the massacre that had occurred in La Saline, the second-largest slum in Port-au-Prince, on November 13 and 14, 2018.1 Attended by family members of the victims as well as Haitian civil society representatives, feminists, and activists from human rights organizations including Solidarite Fanm Ayisyèn (SOFA) and the National Human Rights Defense Network (RNDDH), the event was titled Ann Refè Jès Défilée a! (Let us repeat Défilée’s gesture!).2 According to a report published by RNDDH (2018), several state dignitaries had participated in plotting and carrying out the carnage in La Saline. This service functioned as a symbolic gesture that enabled the living to mourn and provided an appropriate burial for the dead—similar to the duty that Défilée had fulfilled in 1806 when she gathered the remains of Emperor Jean-Jacques Dessalines and gave him an honorable burial after his assassination on October 17, 1806. Défilée prevented the body of Dessalines, the founder of the Haitian nation, from being left on the street and eaten by animals. Haitian historiography has erased the political dimension of Défilée’s civilizing act and humanizing intervention. This historiography seems to disregard the accomplishments of women; their narratives do not hold historical value, nor do they provide meanings to Haiti’s collective dynamics in the same way as men who are, in contrast, revered as the fathers of the nation. Studies that mention women’s actions and recount their lives3 as part of Haiti’s national epic are almost nonexistent. Instead, scholars of Haitian history devote their attention to the biographies and","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"334 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124706251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Atlantic Republicans and the Limits of the Plantation","authors":"Jean-Marc Pruit","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2022.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2022.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article engages with two bodies of literature—the interdisciplinary studies of the Haitian Revolution and republican political theory—to make two corresponding interventions. First, I show how, despite republican political philosophy’s exclusion of the slave from the practice of freedom, Haitian revolutionaries and radical abolitionists—whom I call Black Atlantic Republicans—challenged this exclusion using republican logic. To make this point, I engage with shared understandings of tyranny and domination in David Walker’s Appeal and Toussaint Louverture’s personal correspondence. Second, using Jean Casimir’s notion of the counter-plantation system and Louverture’s proclamations on labor, I argue that despite the Black Atlantic universalization of republican freedom, the ideology fails to properly theorize the domination inherent to plantation labor. This inability to theorize labor freedom, I claim, is endemic to republican political thought itself. We can arrive at this insight by centering the revolutionary Haitian masses rather than their leadership.","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130108440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-anthropocentric Ecologies in Jacques Stephen Alexis’s Romancero aux étoiles and Yanick Lahens’s Bain de lune","authors":"D. Vivian","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2022.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2022.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Through an analysis of the work of Jacques Stephen Alexis and Yanick Lahens, this article affirms, as environmental scientist Ariel Lugo argues, that “We cannot focus only on humans, nor on the biota alone. The future of [the environment] and our future are inexorably fused together, and to a large degree this future depends on the will of people.” By integrating discourses that encapsulate a dynamic, relational eco-epistemology, humanity bears a much greater chance of breaking the cycle of environmental violence spread precipitously by the advent of Western industry and imperialism. In their focus on the non- and extrahuman through the prism of marvelous realism, Alexis and Lahens succeed, I argue, in grounding our humanity in terms that frame our ontology and epistemology as distinctly part of—rather than separate from—nature.Résumé:À travers l’analyse des travaux de Jacques Stephen Alexis et Yanick Lahens, cet article affirme après l’écologiste Ariel Lugo, que « We cannot focus only on humans, nor on the biota alone. The future of [the environment] and our future are inexorably fused together, and to a large degree this future depends on the will of people ». En intégrant un discours qui englobe une éco-épistémologie dynamique et relationnelle, il semble plus probable que l’humanité pourra rompre le cycle de violence environnementale précipitée par l’avènement de l’industrie et de l’impérialisme occidental. En mettant l’accent sur le non- et extra-humain à travers le prisme du réalisme merveilleux, j’avance qu’Alexis et Lahens réussissent à recentrer notre humanité à partir d’un langage qui définit notre ontologie et notre épistémologie comme faisant distinctement partie de la nature, plutôt que d’en être séparé.","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116339236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a Decentralized Haitian State: The Promises and Shortcomings of the Post-Duvalier Constitution of 1987","authors":"Vanessa L. Deane","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2021.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2021.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The post-Duvalier Haitian Constitution of 1987 was an appeal for decentralization to reorganize the Haitian state after the fall of the twenty-nine-year Duvalier dictatorship in 1986. However, Haiti today is no closer to realizing this objective than it was then. The partial implementation of the Constitution's decentralizing framework has created a political quagmire of critical administrative gaps that continue to stifle Haiti's progress. Rather than moving toward intergovernmental power-sharing and greater inclusivity, as the document intended, these apertures have instead reinforced an autocratic governance system despite Jean-Claude Duvalier's departure. This paper is the first to conduct a comprehensive analysis of post-Duvalier efforts to decentralize Haiti. Using in-depth semistructured expert interviews and content analysis, the paper presents several institutional impediments that curtail Haiti's advancement in terms of improved public service delivery and unadulterated citizen engagement. The paper also unveils how and why key central government actors consistently impede the extent to which decentralization could facilitate widespread improvements in local development and subnational governance throughout Haiti.Rezime:Konstitisyon 1987 la se te yon apèl pou desantralize peyi a, e se te yon fason pou reyòganize leta ayisyen an apre diktati Duvalier yo te tonbe (1986). Sepandan, Ayiti jodi a pa pi pre pou reyalize objektif sa pase jan li te ye lè sa a. Lwa ki nan Konstitisyon 1987 la ki gen rapò ak pwojè desantralizasyon an pa te aplike vre pou sa fèt. Tou sa vin kreye yon dilèm politik ki lakòz gwo twou vid administratif nan leta a, e sa tou kontinye anpeche Ayiti fè pwogrè. Olye ke peyi a pran wout enklizyon kote chak branch pouvwa yo pa anpyete sou dwa lòt la, jan dokiman an deklare sa, ouvèti sa yo ranfòse yon sistèm gouvènans otokrat, malgre Jean-Claude Duvalier te kite peyi a. Papye sa se premye travay ki chita sou yon analiz konplè sou jefò ki fèt pou desantralize Ayiti apre rejim Duvalier a. Papye a prezante plizyè antrav enstitisyonèl ki diminye avansman Ayiti akoz pa gen bon jan sèvis piblik tout kote nan peyi a, epi ki jan mank sa yo dekouraje sitwayen yo viv angajman politik yo tou. Papye a revele tou ki jan ak pou ki sa otorite kle nan gouvènman santral la anpeche desantralizayon an ateri pou fasilite devlòpman lokal ak gouvènans rejyonal tout kote ann Ayiti.","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128502369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment enseigner le film documentaire sur Haïti ? L'Exemple d'Assistance mortelle de Raoul Peck","authors":"Françoise Cévaër","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2021.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2021.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé:Le documentaire de Raoul Peck, Assistance mortelle (2013), est utilisé comme outil pédagogique dans une universitzé de la Caraïbe anglophone dans le cadre du cours de culture francophone proposé aux étudiants de deuxième année de licence de français langue étrangère. Cet article propose des activités pédagogiques (niveau B2 / C1) qui spécifient les objectifs visés. Alternant des préparations à domicile et des activités en classe, cette étude s'étend sur 3 semaines du calendrier semestriel dont deux semaines de cours, soit six (6) sessions de 50 minutes chacune. Ce travail s'adresse à des enseignants et des étudiants non spécialistes de cinéma.Rezime:Fim dokimantè Raoul Peck la ki rele, Asistans mòtèl (ki soti an 2013), sèvi kòm zouti pedagojik nan yonn nan inivèsite nan Karayib anglofòn nan nan kad yon kou Kilti frankofòn yo ofri etidyan ki nan dezyèm ane lisans fransè lang etranjè. Atik sa a pwopoze kèk aktivite pedagojik (nivo B2 / C1) ki met aksan sou objektif ki vize nan dokimantè a. Lè n konte tan pou preparasyon lakay ak tan pou aktivite nan klas, travay sa a etann li sou twa semèn nan kalandriye semès la; 2 nan semèn sa yo pou kou a an li menm ki fèt nan sis (6) sesyon 50 minit chak. Piblik sib etid sa a se anseyan ak etidyan ki pa espesyalis sinema.Abstract:Raoul Peck's documentary Fatal Assistance (2013) is among the works explored within the scope of Francophone culture offerings proposed to second-year undergraduate French L2 students, in a university of the English-speaking Caribbean. This article presents practical strategies for conducting an analysis of Fatal Assistance. Various exercises have been proposed, along with the desired objectives of each, as well as the methodologies implemented. Alternating home assignments and classroom activities (B2 / C1 Level), this study extends over three weeks of the semester calendar, including two weeks of classes, i.e., six sessions of fifty minutes each. This work is intended for teachers and students who are nonspecialists of film studies.","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116374614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haiti and the American Military Occupation (1915–1934) by Raoul B. Altidor, and: American Imperialism's Undead: The Occupation of Haiti and the Rise of Caribbean Anticolonialism by Raphael Dalleo (review)","authors":"Celucien L. Joseph","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2021.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2021.0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117054057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}