Journal of Haitian Studies最新文献

{"title":"Race, Nation, or Community? Political Strategy and Identity-Making within the Transnational Haitian Diaspora in Miami's \"Little Haiti\"","authors":"J. Gow","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2021.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2021.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This study examines the lived realities of Haitian American community leaders and volunteers residing in the \"Little Haiti\" community of Miami, Florida, whose experiences as both Black and migrant shape the formation of their communities and political strategies as an ethnic group. Theories of race and ethnicity, transnationalism, and diaspora inform this work and illustrate how Black migrants utilize strategies of political alliances across ethnic and racial categories and in global contexts. Eight in-depth, semistructured interviews with employees and volunteers at a local community center in Little Haiti revealed a diasporic political and cultural consciousness maintained through transnational forms of solidarity. This paper explores how an ethnic community becomes unified as diaspora, and how its members become more socially and globally aware as a consequence of their migrant experience.","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131702219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All Work Is Cultural Work: Paid Labor and Cultural Citizenship","authors":"Nikita Carney","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2021.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2021.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Based on ethnographic research in Boston, Montreal, and Paris, this article examines how Haitian women in diaspora create and recreate multiple national contexts in the course of their paid labor. This multi-sited fieldwork sheds light on the experiences of individual women that point to broader local, national, and transnational sociological processes. This project examines national belonging as a form of cultural citizenship, using the concept of cultural work to highlight the complex relationship between labor and belonging in the nation. Cultural work relates to citizenship in that it provides the labor that creates and maintains the nation; cultural work is an act of cultural citizenship in that it illustrates one's place within the national context. Using cultural work as a lens of analysis, I assert that workplace interactions shape national identity in the daily negotiation of cultural values, norms, and behaviors that indicate who belongs within various national contexts.","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126670521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Women beyond Scandal","authors":"Nathalie Batraville","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2021.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2021.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Published in 1814 in Haiti, Baron de Vastey's essay Le Système colonial dévoilé (The Colonial System Unveiled) provides a detailed account of colonialism's violence and anti-Blackness. As he \"unveils\" the atrocities of slavery, Vastey demonstrates how subjugation and racialization are the result of not only spectacular violence and killings but also laws and policies that work to produce race itself through more quotidian forms of violence. The author consistently returns to the experience of enslaved Black women and to the role and subject position white women occupied in enslaving societies. In this article, I examine the contested homosocial space that Black and white women shared in Saint-Domingue, a space fraught with multifarious articulations of scandal. As I track the colonists' uses of scandal, I explore how the construction of gender through whiteness renders Black women's autonomous sexuality and reproductive capacities as always already scandalous and therefore disruptive, threatening, and destabilizing to the colonial order.Rezime:Publié en Haïti en 1814, l'essai du baron de Vastey, Le Système colonial dévoilé, fournit un compte rendu détaillé de la violence et du racisme anti-Noir.e.s du colonialisme. Vastey revient systématiquement sur l'expérience des femmes noires mises en esclavage et sur le rôle et la position occupés par les femmes blanches dans les sociétés esclavagistes. Dans cet article, j'examine la contestation de l'espace homosocial que les femmes noires et blanches partageaient à Saint-Domingue, un espace chargé de déclinaisons multiples du scandale. À travers la notion de scandale telle que déployée par les colons blancs, j'explore comment la construction du genre par la blancheur fait de l'autonomie sexuelle des femmes noires et leur travail reproductif un scandale, une force perturbatrice, menaçante et déstabilisante pour l'ordre colonial.","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128530570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lang nan pwodiksyon sosyete ayisyen an : Istorik, fòs pouvwa ak konsyantizasyon","authors":"Lefranc Joseph","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2021.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2021.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Rezime:Pandan de (2) syèk ki sot pase yo, koze lang se yon eleman ki patisipe nan bati yon sosyete mi wo mi ba ann Ayiti. Depi lè nasyon an pran nesans, moun ki gen pouvwa erije tèt yo an reprezantan e defansè aparèy kiltirèl ansyen kolon yo. Kon sa, moun sa yo rive jwenn mwayen politik pou enpoze lang ak kilti fransè a antan y ap toupizi lang kreyòl la ak tout moun ki pale li. Nan atik sa a, nou chita sou analiz dispozitif legal ak règlemantè (konstitisyon, amannman konstitisyonèl, kòd, lwa, dekrè) ki tabli pou kontwole lang nan peyi a depi nan moman fondasyon nasyon an pou rive jouk jounen jodi a. An plis, nou apiye sou done nou kolekte nan sèt entèvyou ak yon seri obsèvasyon sou jan lang itilize nan kèk espas sosyal nan peyi a. Eleman sa yo pèmèt nou fè yon analiz sosyo istorik sou kèk dispozitif ki chita sitiyasyon lengwistik mi wo mi ba nan peyi a depi lè nasyon an fonde, epi konprann wòl lang nan pwodiksyon sosyete ayisyen an pandan plis pase de (2) syèk. Se kon sa nou rive konprann fondasyon ideyolojik ak konsekans sosyal chwa politik ki te toujou fèt sou zafè lang nan peyi a. Ann apre, nou fè yon analiz sou kèk aspè sitiyasyon lengwistik nan peyi a jounen jodi a. Kon sa, atik la tou analize jan yon seri aktè batay pou pran gouvènay sitiyasyon lengwistik peyi a epi poze aksyon, san pran souf, pou yo eseye tabli jistis lengwistik nan peyi a. Atik sa a ap ede nou konprann nesesite pou nou reflechi sou nouvo pratik konsyantizasyon endividyèl ak kolektif ki gen pou wè ak pwoblematik lang ann Ayiti.Abstract:Over the past two centuries, language issues have been an integral part of inequalities in Haiti. From the time the nation was born, people in power who considered themselves representatives and defenders of the cultural apparatus of the former colonists have used the political means at their disposal to impose the French language and culture and to oppress the Haitian Creole language and all its speakers. In this article, we analyze the legal and regulatory provisions (constitution, constitutional amendments, codes, laws, decrees) established to control language use in Haiti over the past two hundred years. Additionally, we use data from seven interviews and observations on the use of language in certain social spaces in Haiti. These elements allow us to make a sociohistorical analysis of the devices of linguistic inequalities since the founding of the nation, and to understand the role of language in the production of Haitian society. Thus, we investigate the ideological foundation and the social consequences of political choices regarding language issues in the country. Finally, we analyze some aspects of the linguistic situation, as well as the new directions of language governance and the fight for linguistic justice in Haiti. The article helps to understand the need to problematize new individual and collective reflexivities and practices around the linguistic problematic in Haiti today.","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"22 32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129134262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Istwa across the Water: Haitian History, Memory, and the Cultural Imagination by Toni Pressley-Sanon (review)","authors":"Angela Watkins","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2021.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2021.0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127712280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voice, Gaze, and Community in Marie Vieux-Chauvet's Dance on the Volcano","authors":"Ibis Sierra Audivert","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2021.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2021.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay critically reads Dance on the Volcano, the second book by the postcolonial Haitian writer Marie Vieux-Chauvet, which is set a decade before the Haitian Revolution and was published in 1957, during François Duvalier's rise to presidency. Scholarship on Chauvet has demonstrated that voice, body, and gaze are essential in the characterization of the novel's main character, Minette, as both an opera singer and a political figure. My essay builds on this work by shedding light on the making of communities, an aspect of the novel that has not been integrated in critical discussions. My analysis focuses on forms of collective embodiment as depicted through the aural and visual registers of the mulatta. Chauvet's depiction of Minette's vocal and visual capabilities problematizes the performance of racialized bodies while rendering visible Chauvet's political imagination of a Black and anticolonial struggle emerging from gestures of solidarity and alliances with enslaved people, affranchis, and Black women.","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129967181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inheriting Haitian History: Communal Memory and Diasporic Arts of Resistance","authors":"N. Edwards","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2021.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2021.0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"68-69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131539670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Black Radical Tragic: Performance, Aesthetics, and the Unfinished Haitian Revolution by Jeremy Glick","authors":"Raj Chetty","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2021.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2021.0014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124027371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stirring the Pot of Haitian History by Michel-Rolph Trouillot","authors":"Jean Jean-Pierre","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2021.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2021.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129626171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Haitian Declaration of Independence: Creation, Context, and Legacy ed. by Julia Gaffield","authors":"Dannie Brice","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2021.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2021.0018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131487516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}