International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"STOP-BANG Score versus Epworth Sleepiness Scale as a Screening Tool for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.","authors":"Manpriya Dogra, Surabhi Jaggi, Komaldeep Kaur, Chahat Bhatia, Deepak Aggarwal, Varinder Saini","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_557_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_557_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-breathing disorder. OSA is becoming highly prevalent, which means that to detect and prevent various hazardous complications, it is imperative that there are easy yet accurate techniques available to identify people with OSA.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective was to compare two questionnaires: The STOP-BANG score and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), used to screen the patients suspected of OSA. Polysomnography (PSG), the gold standard investigation, was used to diagnose OSA.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty-five suspected individuals were recruited as per inclusion/exclusion criteria. Detailed history taking, physical examination, and anthropometric examination were done in all patients. Suspects were subjected to filling up of the STOP-BANG and ESS questionnaires, following which they underwent an overnight PSG examination, which is considered the gold standard diagnostic investigation for OSA. Compiled data were used to compare the sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values (NPVs) of the two screening scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 65 screened patients, 57 (88%) had OSA. The sensitivity to predict OSA was the highest for the STOP-BANG questionnaire (91.23%), whereas ESS had a sensitivity of 70.18%. No difference in specificity (75%) of the two scores was noted. The positive predictive values of STOP-BANG and ESS questionnaires was 96.30% and 95.20%, respectively. NPV of STOP-BANG and ESS was 54.50% and 26.10%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study was able to provide valuable insights into OSA screening. Out of the two studied OSA screening questionnaires, we found out that both had comparatively good predictive and diagnostic accuracy, with the STOP-BANG score surpassing the ESS score in the majority of measures. Considering the high global burden of undiagnosed OSA, there is a need to upregulate the screening for OSA followed by appropriate treatment measures. This would improve sleep quality and reduce the risk of complications and future adverse health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"15 2","pages":"116-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Diagnostic Accuracy but Persistent Risk of Complicated Appendicitis: A Retrospective Analysis from Hail Province, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Alfatih Mohamed Ahmed Aljanib, Faisal Fawaz Alshammari, Fahad Maiyah Alshammari, Ali Ahmed Alqahtani, Bandar Alsaif, Jerold C Alcantara, Abdulaziz Bin Ali Alshammari, Talal Alharazi","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_529_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_529_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency. While clinical diagnosis is generally effective, it is not perfect, potentially leading to negative appendectomies or delayed treatment.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study investigated the histopathological patterns of appendectomy specimens in King Khalid Hospital, Hail Province, Saudi Arabia, correlating them with preoperative clinical diagnoses to assess diagnostic accuracy and guide optimal management.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 198 patients who underwent appendectomies between August 2023 and July 2024. Resected appendix specimens underwent histopathological examination and were categorized as inflamed, malignant, or benign. Clinical data and histopathological findings were compared using statistical analyses, including Fisher's exact test, to assess diagnostic accuracy and explore potential associations between patient demographics, appendicitis severity, and clinical presentation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study cohort consisted predominantly of young males (78.8%, mean age: 26 ± 9.2 years), with no pediatric cases included. The most common histopathological finding was an inflamed appendix (99.5%), with acute inflammation being most prevalent (86.9%). Perforation (10.1%) and gangrenous changes (2.5%) were also observed. A rare case of negative appendectomy (0.5%) was attributed to a perforated Meckel's diverticulum.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates a high preoperative diagnostic accuracy for acute appendicitis. However, the occurrence of negative appendectomies and complicated cases, particularly in young adult males, highlights the need for continuous vigilance and refinement of diagnostic approaches. Further research exploring age- and sex-specific risk factors for complicated appendicitis is crucial to optimizing patient management strategies and minimizing unnecessary surgical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"15 2","pages":"85-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetically Divert Carbapenemase-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>: Better to be Safe than Sorry.","authors":"Nikunja Kumar Das, Sahjid Mukhida","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_49_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_49_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"15 2","pages":"69-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical Vestibular-evoked Myogenic Potential in Healthy Adults: A Cross-sectional Study Investigating the Impact of Various Stimuli and Recording Conditions.","authors":"Saumya Pandey, Sangeeta Gupta, Ramashankar Rath, Gaurav Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_344_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_344_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (c-VEMPs) is a noninvasive procedure that captures the electrical activity of sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles in response to auditory stimuli. The clinical value of VEMP, however, is affected by the use of appropriate stimuli and correct testing techniques. This study investigates the effects of different stimuli and recording conditions on c-VEMP recordings.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty healthy participants, aged 18-60 years, underwent c-VEMP recordings. Air-conducted sound stimuli (tone bursts and clicks) in sitting, supine neck torsion, and supine head lift and neck torsion positions along with the variation in the active electrode positions were employed to obtain the c-VEMP records. The c-VEMP parameters were compared by paired <i>t</i>-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and one-way ANOVA. <i>P</i> < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tone burst and click-evoked c-VEMP varied with statistically significant differences in terms of amplitudes, corrected amplitudes, and thresholds (<i>P</i> = 0.0000). Tone burst stimuli produced larger amplitudes and lower thresholds in both ears. No significant difference was found in c-VEMP parameters tested for differences in active electrode placement except for threshold asymmetry (<i>P</i> = 0.0123) (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). c-VEMP recordings in the sitting position produced significantly larger corrected amplitudes compared to the supine head lift and neck torsion positions, for both sides (one-way ANOVA).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the current study revealed a greater response rates and larger amplitudes for tone burst-evoked c-VEMP responses as compared to those with click stimuli. A seated, head-turned position with the active electrode placed in the middle of the SCM muscle yielded larger tone burst-evoked c-VEMP responses. The variation in the VEMP data obtained owing to different stimuli and recording conditions should be considered when evaluating patients in clinical practice to optimize the clinical applicability of the VEMP examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"49-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12054654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folliculitis Decalvans: An Uncommon Case Report with Review of Literature.","authors":"Gyanendra Singh, Yashdeep Pathania, Parth Goswami, Shilpi Tyagi, Tarang Patel","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_414_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_414_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Folliculitis decalvans (FD) is a rare, chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the scalp, leading to scarring alopecia. The condition is classified as a primary neutrophilic cicatricial alopecia and is characterized by pustules, erosions, and scaly-crusty lesions, often associated with pain, itching, and burning sensations. The pathogenesis is not fully understood, though <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infection and immune dysregulation are implicated. FD is a challenging condition to diagnose and manage due to its similarities with other scarring alopecias such as dissecting cellulitis, central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, and lichen planopilaris. We report the case of a 40-year-old female presenting with itchy follicular papules and patchy hair loss over the frontotemporal region. This rare case highlights the clinical and histological features of FD and the importance of differentiating it from other scarring alopecias to ensure appropriate treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"63-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12054655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Single-Staged and Staged Repair of Proximal Hypospadias among Children Attending a Tertiary Care Center of Northern India: A Retro-prospective Analysis.","authors":"Survesh Kumar Gupta, Sudhir Singh, Nitin Pant, Jiledar Rawat, Ashish Wakhlu","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_301_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_301_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation, with proximal hypospadias occurring in 20% of cases and having a higher incidence of complications than distal hypospadias. Surgical reconstruction varies between single-stage and multi-stage procedures, with no consensus on the optimal approach.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to compare the outcomes of single-stage and staged repairs for proximal hypospadias in a lower middle-income country, focusing on complications, operative time, patient satisfaction, and overall surgical success.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An ambispective observational study was conducted at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, from May 2014 to February 2020. Sixty patients with proximal penile hypospadias and chordee were selected (29 from previous medical records and 31 were enrolled prospectively) and divided into two groups of 30 each: single-stage reconstruction and staged repair. Data on demographics, follow-up duration, complications, reoperations, and satisfaction were collected. The Hypospadias Objective Scoring Evaluation (HOSE) system as well as cosmesis was used to assess outcomes at 6-week follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 3.8 years for single-stage and 4.5 years for staged repair, with no significant age difference (<i>P</i> = 0.725). The mean operating time was 90 min for single-stage and 210 min for staged repair. Complication rates, including meatal stenosis and urethral stricture, showed no significant differences. However, graft rejection occurred in four staged repair cases (<i>P</i> = 0.112). The staged repair group had higher reoperation rates (26.67% vs. 13.33%, <i>P</i> = 0.062) and longer hospital stays (26.47 vs. 13.87 days, <i>P</i> = 0.0001). Staged repair achieved better slit-like meatus shapes (83.3% vs. 60%, <i>P</i> = 0.021) and higher satisfaction with residual skin (<i>P</i> = 0.004). HOSE scores showed significant advantages for staged repair in the urinary stream (<i>P</i> = 0.048) and erection outcomes (<i>P</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Staged repair showed better cosmetic outcomes and satisfaction in specific areas but required more operative time and hospital stay. Single-stage reconstruction was more cost-effective and had fewer reoperations. The choice of procedure should consider patient-specific factors and resource availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12054646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Sex from Morphometry of Sternum Using Multidetector Computed Tomography in Central Indian Population.","authors":"J S Sravan, Arneet Arora, Jayanthi Yadav, Raghvendra Kumar Vidua, B H Gayathri","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_150_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_150_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autopsies often require determining the sex of unidentified corpses, particularly in cases of decomposition, mutilation, or mass disasters. Sternal bone measurements can be used in establishing the sex of unidentified corpses where the body is in advanced stages of putrefaction or in a mutilated condition.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study focuses on the sternum, a robust bone aiding in anthropological sex and age determination, trying to provide precise data for sex identification in decomposed or mutilated bodies, and using digital imaging to eliminate subjectivity in manual autopsy measurements.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>It was a cross-sectional discriminant study done by analyzing 250 adult computed tomography (CT) scans, excluding those under 25 or over 80 and with sternal trauma or deformities. The study visually assessed normal thoracic skeletal anatomy in the CT chest. DICOM viewers obtained three-dimensional sternum images for measurements, and statistical analysis was done with SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean measurements, except the sternal index, were significantly higher in males. Mesosternal length showed the highest predictive power (females [73.4%] and males [76.2%]). Combining multiple parameters increased accuracy (females [75%], males [82.5%]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study thus concludes that sternal bone imaging is a valuable tool for sex determination. The seven parameters analyzed exhibit sexual dimorphism, with mesosternal length being the most accurate. These findings aid future sex determination in mass fatality incidents, explosions, or advanced decomposition. Importantly, this research provides specific data for the Indian population, addressing the need for diverse reference values.</p>","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12054653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of <i>Withania somnifera</i> on Expression of Selected Genes in Hippocampus of Male Wistar Rats Subjected to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress.","authors":"Jinay Paresh Mehta, Urmila Anil Kagal, Prakash R Biradar","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_330_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_330_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression affects millions globally, with existing treatments having many side effects. <i>Withania somnifera</i> (WS) shows potential as an antidepressant and neuroprotective agent, possibly by influencing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-related pathways.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study evaluated the effect of WS alone and in combination with fluoxetine on neuritin, NARP, and BDNF Exon-III gene expression in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (<i>n</i> = 6 each): normal group (NG), disease control (DC), standard treatment (ST), WS, and combination group of fluoxetine and WS (FW). Depression was induced using CUMS, except in the NG. The sucrose preference test confirmed depression at the end of 3^rd week and assessed treatment effects at the end of 7^th week. Gene expression in the hippocampus was analyzed through real-time PCR at the end of 7^th week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 7 weeks, the ST, WS, and FW groups showed a significant increase in sucrose preference compared to the DC group. The ST and FW groups showed significant upregulation of all three genes selected in the present study. Comparison between NG and FW groups showed no significant difference in gene expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the antidepressant effects of WS by demonstrating its effect on BDNF-associated gene expression. Fluoxetine combined with WS demonstrated additive effects which proves an adjuvant role of WS in the treatment of depression. Further studies involving human subjects are essential to validate the antidepressant effects of WS and its additive effects with fluoxetine.</p>","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12054648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Supraorbital Ridge Mass: The Chondroid Syringoma with Adipocytic Metaplasia.","authors":"Anil Prasad, Binod Kumar, Sameer Kumar Mehta, Minakshi Mishra","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_363_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_363_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chondroid syringoma (CS) is a rare benign skin adnexal neoplasm. Its incidence is very low among all primary skin tumors. Diagnosing it clinically can be difficult as it closely resembles other benign salivary or adnexal neoplasms. Until now, only a few cases have been reported from the periorbital region. Clinically, it can be mistaken for epidermal cysts, but ectopic salivary glands are a close differential diagnosis. To diagnose it, a complete removal is usually required, followed by a histopathological examination. We present a unique case of a 45-year-old female patient with a CS in her right supraorbital ridge and review the pertinent literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"60-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12054656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confusion Surrounding the Mandatory Requirement of Thesis Submission: Review of the Postgraduate Medical Education Regulations of the National Medical Commission.","authors":"Rajiv Mahajan","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_558_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_558_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12054657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}