International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Authors' Reply: Adrenaline, Aspirin, and Corticosteroids Should Be Administered Mindfully While Treating Myocardial Infarction and Kounis Syndrome.","authors":"Sirsha Chatterjee, Saloni Paranjape, Gurbachan Singh","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_27_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_27_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"16 2","pages":"152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13327380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Melanocortin-4 Receptor Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms rs2331841 and rs12970134 with Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity in a North Indian Cohort.","authors":"Isar Sharma, Kritika Bakshi, Ritu Mahajan, Nisha Kapoor","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_408_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_408_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a global epidemic with diverse metabolic outcomes, categorized as metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO). Genetic variations in the MC4R gene are known to be key to energy homeostasis, making it a critical candidate for explaining this metabolic heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the genetic basis of metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) in a North Indian population from the Jammu region, specifically focusing on the association between polymorphisms (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms [SNPs]) within the Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) gene and the predisposition to MUHO.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We analyzed a cohort of 846 adult participants from the North Indian population of the Jammu region. The participants were divided into three groups: MUHO (<i>N</i> = 300), MHO (<i>N</i> = 246), and metabolically healthy normal weight (MH-NW, <i>N</i> = 300). Genotyping was performed to assess the association of the two specific MC4R: rs2331841 and rs12970134.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed a statistically significant association between the \"A\" risk alleles of both MC4R SNPs and an increased predisposition to MUHO. The \"A\" allele of rs2331841 conferred a 1.75-fold increased risk for MUHO compared to MH-NW (<i>P</i> = 0.0008) and a 1.42-fold increased risk compared to MHO (<i>P</i> = 0.02). The \"A\" allele of rs12970134 showed a 1.60-fold increased risk for MUHO versus MH-NW (<i>P</i> = 0.005) and a 1.35-fold increased risk versus MHO (<i>P</i> = 0.057).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate that genetic variations in the MC4R gene contribute to the metabolic heterogeneity of obesity. Identifying these specific genetic markers is crucial for early risk stratification and developing personalized preventive strategies against obesity-related metabolic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"16 2","pages":"87-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13327374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Mirror Therapy on Hand Function in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Nikita Patel, Prasad Muley, Bhavana Gadhavi","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_12_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_12_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Mirror therapy utilizes visual feedback mechanisms to enhance motor recovery in neurological conditions. This systematic review examines its effectiveness for hand function improvement in children with spastic cerebral palsy.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Systematic searches across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate identified studies from 2014 to 2024 using the unified search query of mirror therapy and cerebral palsy. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and comparative investigations involving children aged 3-18 years with spastic cerebral palsy. Meta-analyses employed random-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve studies (456 children) met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed substantial improvements: hand function quality (standardized mean difference = 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89-1.95; <i>P</i> < 0.001), manual dexterity (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.42-1.00; <i>P</i> < 0.001), functional independence (<i>d</i> = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.52-1.26; <i>P</i> < 0.001), and grip strength (<i>d</i> = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.12-0.64; <i>P</i> = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evidence supports mirror therapy as an effective adjunctive rehabilitation intervention for enhancing hand function in children with spastic cerebral palsy, with moderate-to-large effect sizes across multiple functional domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"16 2","pages":"119-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13327386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adrenaline, Aspirin, and Corticosteroids Should Be Administered Mindfully While Treating Myocardial Infarction and Kounis Syndrome.","authors":"Nicholas G Kounis, Maria Bozika, Kassiani-Maria Nastouli, Ioanna Koniari","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_11_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_11_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"16 2","pages":"150-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13327375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline Assessment of Antimicrobial Use and Stewardship Gaps in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India: A Point Prevalence Audit.","authors":"K B Sanal Kumar, V J Ambika Abhishake, Deepa Anirudhan, Arun Gopi","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_39_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_39_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance is a major global public health concern, with a disproportionate burden in low- and middle-income countries. In hospital settings, inappropriate antimicrobial use, particularly excessive empirical and broad-spectrum prescribing, remains a key driver of resistance. Reliable baseline data on prescribing practices are essential for guiding antimicrobial stewardship interventions. Point prevalence surveys offer a standardized, resource-efficient method for assessing antimicrobial use. Yet, data from tertiary care hospitals in South India, particularly across both adult and pediatric services, remain limited.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the point prevalence of antimicrobial prescribing and identify key stewardship gaps across adult and pediatric inpatient services in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional observational point prevalence survey was conducted in selected medicine and pediatric wards and intensive care units (ICUs). All eligible inpatients present on the survey days were included, excluding day-care admissions. The data were collected using a predesigned questionnaire adapted from the National Centre for Disease Control framework and were analyzed descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 348 patients were surveyed, including 300 adults and 48 pediatric patients. Antimicrobial use varied substantially between wards and ICUs. In adult medicine wards, 29.5% of patients received antimicrobials, increasing to 75% in the medical ICU. Ceftriaxone was the most frequently prescribed agent in wards, while piperacillin-tazobactam predominated in the ICU. Pediatric antimicrobial use was 38.1% in wards and 83.3% in the pediatric ICU, with ampicillin being the most commonly prescribed agent. Empirical therapy predominated across all clinical settings. Culture-guided treatment was documented in only 6 of 115 patients (5.2%) receiving antimicrobials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This point prevalence survey-based audit provides baseline data on antimicrobial prescribing and identifies important stewardship gaps, including high empirical use and limited culture-guided therapy. Point prevalence survey methodology represents a feasible approach for informing antimicrobial stewardship strategies in resource-constrained tertiary care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"16 2","pages":"135-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13327381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Ischemia-modified Albumin in Complicated Appendicitis and Its Comparison with the Conventional Markers: An Observational Study.","authors":"Sujatha Mahadevarao Premnath, Ravichandran Ashwin Chand, R Ariganesan, Achu Jacob Philip, Sunil Kumar Nanda, C M Kiran, Dilip Shankar Phansalkar","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_330_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_330_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute appendicitis is a common emergency, with one-third presenting as complicated cases. Differentiating complicated appendicitis (CA) from uncomplicated appendicitis (UA) is important to decide on intervention. Conventional markers have limitations, while ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), released during ischemia and oxidative stress, may aid in diagnosis. This study evaluates the utility of IMA in distinguishing CA from UA.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An observational cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital on 85 patients over 13 years with acute appendicitis was further divided into CA (<i>n</i> = 42) and UA (<i>n</i> = 43) based on ultrasonography and histopathology findings. Total leukocyte count (TLC), differential count, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), modified Alvarado Scoring (MAS), and IMA were estimated and compared between the groups. Sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff were established for the parameters using the area under the curve for the diagnosis of CA. Pearson's correlation analysis of IMA with the parameters was also done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IMA levels were significantly higher in CA 10.90 ± 5.65 μg/mL compared to UA 6.00 ± 2.93 μg/mL (<i>P</i> = 0.001). It showed a high sensitivity (82.35%) and specificity (95.56%) with a high AUC (0.904) at a cutoff of 8.50 μg/mL in a 95% confidence interval of 0.8871-0.9219 compared to other parameters such as TLC, NLR, and MAS scoring. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation with TLC (<i>r</i> = 0.7463) and a moderate correlation with NLR (<i>r</i> = 0.5266) suggest that elevated IMA levels parallel inflammation in CA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IMA appears to be an ideal parameter to identify CA; however, larger multicentric studies are required to validate its clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"16 2","pages":"108-113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13327376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Reflective Competence into Medical Education: Preparing Indian Medical Graduates for Lifelong Learning.","authors":"Rajiv Mahajan, Shaista Saiyad, Amrit Virk","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_127_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_127_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The conscious competence model is widely used in medical education; however, its final stage, unconscious competence, may lead to \"arrested development,\" where practitioners cease reflective practice. In a rapidly evolving field like medicine, this lack of reflection risks outdated knowledge and compromised clinical care. This paper proposes a fifth stage, reflective competence, defined as mastery combined with continuous self-awareness and the ability to learn, unlearn, and relearn. Reflective competence is characterized by metacognition, critical thinking, and deliberate practice and represents an extension of existing frameworks such as Miller's pyramid and Dave's taxonomy by adding a dimension of professional identity and lifelong reflection. The competency-based undergraduate medical curriculum in India provides opportunities for its integration through early clinical exposure, self-directed learning, simulation-based training, and reflective logbooks. With structured mentoring, feedback, and assessment rubrics for reflection, these approaches can nurture reflective practitioners capable of adaptive expertise and lifelong learning. By positioning reflective competence as the fifth stage of the conscious competence model, this paper advances medical education theory and practice, offering a framework that ensures lifelong reflection, adaptive expertise, and professional identity formation as the true markers of mastery.</p>","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"16 2","pages":"79-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13327384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ipsative Assessment: Concept and Assimilation in Competency-based Assessment in Undergraduate Medical Training.","authors":"Rajiv Mahajan, Amrit Virk, Shaista Saiyad, Kapil Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_432_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_432_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditionally, competency-based assessment is a criterion-referenced assessment that should be continuous and frequent, with ample feedback opportunities. In this criterion-referenced assessment, the progress of a student is measured against a \"set standard reference.\" As the objective of a competency-based medical curriculum (CBMC) is the acquisition of competencies by the learners, evidence must be available to \"chart the learning curve\" of the trainee during a training period. This evidence can be generated by ipsative assessments, which are sequentially conducted assessments in which the performance of a trainee in an assessment test is compared with his/her previous assessment test. These ipsative assessments provide opportunities to track the educational development of any individual trainee and help in self-assessment. Given the enormous potential of ipsative assessment in the individualized, longitudinal, and educational development of medical undergraduates and given that competency-based medical curricula and ipsative assessment are complementary to each other in many ways, it has been suggested that ipsative assessment must be a part of medical training programs. In this article, we provide a conceptual framework for incorporating ipsative assessment activities into the undergraduate CBMC.</p>","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12970762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147432636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Zinc Status and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Severity in Infected Nigerian Children at Ogbomoso, Nigeria.","authors":"Adetola Adedamola Ayankola, Mayowa Mary Adetoye, Ayantunde Kayode Ayankola, Michael Olaniyan Onigbinde, Samuel Olorunyomi Oninla, Olusola Adetunji Oyedeji","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_352_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_352_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Zinc status is suboptimal, and requirements are known to be increased in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals. Some aspects of the association between zinc status and HIV disease severity in African children still constitute a knowledge gap.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to compare serum zinc levels with the disease severity in HIV infected Nigerian children.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty-three randomly selected HIV infected children attending pediatric anti-retroviral clinics in Ogbomosho, Nigeria, were studied. Data from their social demographics, the WHO disease stages and zinc levels were determined and analyzed to test associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the 53 participants was 9 ± 1.3 years with, male-to-female ratio of 2.1:1. Of the 53 children, 32 (60.4%), 13 (24.5%) and 8 (15.1%) were from WHO clinical stage I, II and III. Zinc levels in the subjects ranged from 0.017 to 3.18 ng/ml. Nine (17.0%) children had deficient zinc levels below 0.05 ng/ml. The mean serum zinc level was 1.959 (±0.95), 1.607 (±1.28), and 1.435 (±1.36).ng/ml in the subjects from WHO clinical HIV stage I, II and III, respectively. <i>P</i> = 0.05. Four (50.0%) of the 8 children with advanced HIV stages were zinc deficient compared with the 5 (20.0%) of the 40 in the nonadvanced HIV class, <i>P</i> < 0.01.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Zinc deficiency is a significant challenge of HIV infected children with advanced disease. Screening of children with advanced HIV disease for zinc deficiency should be routine, and deficiencies should be corrected.</p>","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"58-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12970757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147432467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk-adjusted Precision Reconstruction in Gastric Outlet Obstruction: A Prospective Cohort Demonstrating Superior Composite Delayed Gastric Emptying Outcomes with Roux-En-Y Gastrojejunostomy.","authors":"Tushar Saini, Saurabh Singla, Sanjay Kumar, Rakesh Kumar Singh, Saket Kumar, Manish Mandal, Amarjit Kumar Raj, Manjinder Singh Sidhu","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_328_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_328_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is the most common complication following palliative gastrojejunostomy (GJ) for gastric outlet obstruction. Whether roux-en-Y (RY) reconstruction offers a clinical edge over the loop configuration remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The prospective cohort study included 41 patients who received either RY (<i>n</i> = 19) or loop (<i>n</i> = 22) GJ. The main study endpoint consisted of composite DGE (ISGPS Grades A/B/C) within 30 days. The research used multivariable logistic regression to determine independent risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DGE occurred in 22% overall, significantly less with RY (5%) than loop (36%; <i>P</i> = 0.024). RY remained protective after adjustment (adjusted odds ratio: 0.10; <i>P</i> = 0.053), while malignancy and male sex increased risk. Length of stay and serious morbidity were similar across groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RY-GJ may markedly reduce postoperative DGE without added morbidity. Despite promising findings, the small sample size and nonrandomized design warrant cautious interpretation. Further validation in randomized trials is needed before routine use.</p>","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"38-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12970767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147432725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}