International Journal of Biomaterials最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic Effects of SDS and H2O2 Combinations on Tracheal Scaffold Development: An In Vitro Study Using Goat Trachea","authors":"Dhihintia Jiwangga, F. Mahyudin, Gondo Mastutik, Estya Nadya Meitavany, Juliana, P. A. Wiratama","doi":"10.1155/2024/6635565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6635565","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, a tissue-engineered trachea has been popularly used as a biological graft for tracheal replacement in severe respiratory diseases. In the development of tissue-engineered tracheal scaffolds, in vitro studies play a crucial role in allowing researchers to evaluate the efficacy and safety of scaffold designs and fabrication techniques before progressing to in vivo or clinical trials. This research involved the decellularization of goat trachea using SDS, H2O2, and their combinations. Various quantitative and qualitative assessments were performed, including histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, and biomechanical testing. Hematoxylin and eosin staining evaluated the cellular content, while safranin O-fast green and Masson’s trichrome staining assessed glycosaminoglycan content and collagen distribution, respectively. The immunohistochemical analysis focused on detecting MHC-1 antigen presence. Tensile strength measurements were conducted to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the decellularized scaffolds. The results demonstrated that the combination of SDS and H2O2 for goat tracheal decellularization yielded scaffolds with minimal cellular remnants, low toxicity, preserved ECM, and high tensile strength and elasticity. This method holds promise for developing functional tracheal scaffolds to address severe respiratory diseases effectively.","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139390227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of an Eco-Friendly Hand Sanitizer Formulation Valorized from Fruit Peels","authors":"J. Verma, R. Mishra, A. Mazumdar, R. Singh, N. S. El-Gendy","doi":"10.1155/2023/2516233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2516233","url":null,"abstract":"Hand sanitizer usage has proven to be a common and practical method for reducing the spread of infectious diseases which can be caused by many harmful pathogens. There is a need for alcohol-free hand sanitizers because most hand sanitizers on the market are alcohol-based, and regular use of them can damage the skin and can be hazardous. India is the world’s largest producer of fruits and one of the major problems after fruit consumption is their peels, causing waste management problems and contributing to the formation of greenhouse gases leading to air pollution and adding to the problem of climate change. Valorization of such wastes into other value-added products and their incorporation into formulations of eco-friendly alcohol-free hand sanitizers would solve these issues, save the environment, benefit the society, and help in achieving the sustainable development goals. Thus, this research focuses on formulating an effective natural alcohol-free hand sanitizer that harnesses the antimicrobial properties of the various types of bioactive components found in fruit peels of pomegranate, sweet lime, and lemon. The peel extracts and the formulated sanitizer proved considerable antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic Escherichia coli and hand microflora. Molecular docking was also applied to examine ligand-protein interaction patterns and predict binding conformers and affinity of the sanitizer phytocompounds towards target proteins in COVID-19, influenza, and pneumonia viruses. The binding affinities and the protein-ligand interactions virtual studies revealed that the sanitizer phytocompounds bind with the amino acids in the target proteins’ active sites via hydrogen bonding interactions. As a result, it is possible to formulate a natural, alcohol-free hand sanitizer from fruit peels that is effective against pathogenic germs and viruses using the basic structure of these potential findings.","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Grinding and Sorting Particle Size on Phytochemical Yield in <i>Dipterocarpus alatus</i> Leaf Extract.","authors":"Kritsadang Senawong, Somporn Katekaew, Suchat Juntahum, Kittipong Laloon","doi":"10.1155/2023/4512665","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/4512665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of grinding (pretreatment) with a pin mill on the crude extract yields of <i>Dipterocarpus alatus</i> (Yang-Na) leaves. A factorial design in a completely randomized design was conducted to study the combinational effects of sieve sizes (1.0, 1.5, and 3.0 mm) and feed rates (1.0, 1.5, and 3.0 kg min^-1), examining the interaction of parameters for grinding oven-dried Yang-Na leaves. Ethanol extraction initially evaluated the influence of Yang-Na leaf powder with diverse particle sizes. When sorting particle size, the crude extract yield increased as the particle size decreased, with 0.038-0.150 mm particles yielding the highest extraction, although yields decline when the particle size is lower than 0.038 mm. The average particle sizes, production capacity, and fineness modulus all exhibited a significant decrease as the sieve size and feeding rate were reduced, while the specific energy consumption showed an inversely proportional relationship with these parameters. Intriguingly, the crude extract yield remained independent of the average particle size. Notably, the highest yield (14.79 g kg^-1) was derived from a 0.31 mm average particle size, ground with a 1.5 mm sieve and a 3 kg min^-1 feeding rate. This suggests that the pretreatment, involving both grinding conditions and sorting size, has an impact on the performance of the extraction process. However, this study offers an energy-efficient alternative, advocating for using average particle sizes without prior sorting, streamlining the extraction process while maintaining substantial yields. These insights underline the crucial influence of particle size and grinding techniques, advancing our understanding of efficient herbal extraction techniques for industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4512665"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10756739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139073971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential Therapeutic Effects of Platelet-Derived Biomaterials on Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence","authors":"Mohammad Amin Amiri, Nima Farshidfar, R. Miron, Arkadiusz Dziedzic, S. Hamedani, Sajad Daneshi, L. Tayebi","doi":"10.1155/2023/9980349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9980349","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoporosis is a chronic multifactorial condition that affects the skeletal system, leading to the deterioration of bone microstructure and an increased risk of bone fracture. Platelet-derived biomaterials (PDBs), so-called platelet concentrates, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), have shown potential for improving bone healing by addressing microstructural impairment. While the administration of platelet concentrates has yielded positive results in bone regeneration, the optimal method for its administration in the clinical setting is still debatable. This comprehensive review aims to explore the systemic and local use of PRP/PRF for treating various bone defects and acute fractures in patients with osteoporosis. Furthermore, combining PRP/PRF with stem cells or osteoinductive and osteoconductive biomaterials has shown promise in restoring bone microstructural properties, treating bony defects, and improving implant osseointegration in osteoporotic animal models. Here, reviewing the results of in vitro and in vivo studies, this comprehensive evaluation provides a detailed mechanism for how platelet concentrates may support the healing process of osteoporotic bone fractures.","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"58 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138592901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vanadium Pentoxide Nanoparticles Doped ZnO: Physicochemical, Optical, Dielectric, and Photocatalytic Properties","authors":"I. Massoudi, R. Hamdi, A. Rached, Zainah A. AlDhawi, Fatimah M. Alobaidan, Hawra M. Alhamdan, Ghadeer A. Almohammed Ali, Fatimah E. Almuslim, Amor Ben Ali","doi":"10.1155/2023/4602374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4602374","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles (V2O5) derived by the chemical coprecipitation route were used to synthesize various vanadium-doped ZnO nanocomposite samples via the standard solid-state reaction process. The effect of V2O5 nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties of ZnO was discussed. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy. A diffuse reflectance spectroscopic approach is described to determine the bandgap energy (Eg) of the samples. The dielectric and photocatalytic characteristics are also examined. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared materials was tested under visible light using methylene blue (MB) as a pollutant dye model. As a result, it is found that the addition of V2O5 enhances the photodegradation of MB. The kinetics of the photodegradation reaction was found to follow a pseudo-first-order model.","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139261862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition and Reduction of Biofilm Production along with Their Antibiogram Pattern among Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates.","authors":"Ojaswee Shrestha, Nabina Shrestha, Sadhana Khanal, Sushant Pokhrel, Sujina Maharjan, Tika Bahadur Thapa, Puspa Raj Khanal, Govardhan Joshi","doi":"10.1155/2023/6619268","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6619268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacterial biofilm is a significant virulence factor threatening patients, leading to chronic infections and economic burdens. Therefore, it is crucial to identify biofilm production, its inhibition, and reduction. In this study, we investigated biofilm production among Gram-negative isolates and assessed the inhibitory and reduction potential of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) towards them. In addition, we studied the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the Gram-negative isolates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bacterial isolation and identification was done using standard microbiological techniques, following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline, 28th edition. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates, and <i>β</i>-lactamase production was tested via the combination disk method. Biofilm formation was detected through the tissue culture plate (TCP) method. Different concentrations of EDTA and DMSO were used to determine their inhibitory and reduction properties against the biofilm. Both inhibition and reduction by the various concentrations of EDTA and DMSO were analyzed using paired <i>t</i>-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 110 clinical isolates, 61.8% (68) were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR). 30% (33/110) of the isolates were extended-spectrum <i>β</i>-lactamase (ESBL) producers, 14.5% (16/110) were metallo-<i>β</i>-lactamase (MBL), and 8% (9/110) were <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> carbapenemase (KPC) producers. Biofilm formation was detected in 35.4% of the isolates. Biofilm-producing organisms showed the highest resistance to antibiotics such as cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and carbapenem. The inhibition and reduction of biofilm were significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for 1 mM of EDTA and 2% of DMSO.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Isolates forming biofilm had a higher resistance rate and <i>β</i>-lactamase production compared to biofilm nonproducers. EDTA and DMSO were found to be potential antibiofilm agents. Hence, EDTA and DMSO might be an effective antibiofilm agent to control biofilm-associated infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6619268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10673669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138459767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of Single-Cell Oil from a Local Isolate <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Using Palm Fronds.","authors":"Wassan Dawood Musa Al-Obeidi, Dhafer F Al-Rawi, Loay H Ali","doi":"10.1155/2023/8882842","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/8882842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study, conducted at the Department of Biology, University of Anbar, Iraq, focuses on addressing the escalating issue of contamination and aims to acquire microbial oils to alleviate the global shortage in plant and animal oil production, utilizing environmental waste as a carbon source to reduce global pollution and select efficient local bacterial isolates of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> for the production of single-cell oil (SCO) using local soil and environmental waste as a carbon source. Four isolates were selected as the best in producing single-cell oil, with the isolate with code C4 standing out as it recorded the highest production. It is worth noting that all these isolates belong to the bacteria type <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>. Palm fronds were found to be the most suitable environmental residue for SCO production compared to other waste materials (wheat straw and wheat bran). Submerged cultures were used to improve SCO production, with optimal conditions determined as pH 7, a temperature of 30°C, carbon source concentration of 3 g/100 ml, inoculum volume of 3 ml/100 ml, inoculum density of 20 × 10⁷ cells, and an incubation period of 72 hours. The Soxhlet extraction method was used to obtain the oil, which was found to contain high percentages of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid (46.030%) and palmitoleic acid (16.579%). The oil was highly soluble in chloroform and ethanol but insoluble in water. The saponification test indicated the potential for soap production from the oil. This comprehensive research addresses the need for locally sourced and sustainable SCO production, offering insights into the selection of efficient bacterial isolates, the optimization of cultivation conditions, and the valuable properties of the resulting SCO. The significance of this study lies in the production of single-cell oil from soil-isolated <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> bacteria for use in food applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8882842"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72014200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citric Acid Catalyst-Assisted Bioactive Glass with Hydrogen Peroxide for <i>In Vitro</i> Bioactivity and Biodegradability Using Sol-Gel Method.","authors":"Tsion Chuni Aklilu,&nbsp;Bethelhem Gashaw Ewnete,&nbsp;Kena Dachasa,&nbsp;Kanate Sanbaba,&nbsp;Demeke Tesfaye,&nbsp;Tadele Hunde Wondimu,&nbsp;Jung Yong Kim,&nbsp;Ketema Tafess Tulu,&nbsp;Shimelis Lemma,&nbsp;Balisa Mosisa Ejeta,&nbsp;Fetene Fufa Bakare","doi":"10.1155/2023/9911205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9911205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, carbon-free and completely soluble hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was utilized in place of conventional surfactants as a pore-forming agent. Citric acid was also used in low concentration for the hydrolysis reaction. A sol-gel method was used to prepare bioactive glass (BG) specimens of H₂O₂-untreated BG, 1M, 2M, and 3M H₂O₂-treated BGs. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method were used for analyzing the samples' phase, surface morphology, chemical composition, constituent composition, pore size, and specific surface area respectively. In vitro bioactivity, as well as biodegradability tests, was performed on samples by immersing them in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. According to the results, BG particles treated with 2 M H₂O₂ exhibited higher specific surface area (SSA), which is 189.55 cc/g, and better in vitro bioactivity and biodegradability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9911205"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10624554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71481189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribology of Coated 316L SS by Various Nanoparticles.","authors":"Dhiaa J Aldabagh, Thair L Alzubadi, Akram F Alhuwaizi","doi":"10.1155/2023/6676473","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6676473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nanocoating of biomedical materials may be considered the most essential developing field recently, primarily directed at improving their tribological behaviors that enhance their performance and durability. In orthodontics, as in many medical fields, friction reduction (by nanocoatings) among different orthodontic components is considered a substantial milestone in the development of biomedical technology that reduces orthodontic treatment time. The objective of the current research was to explore the tribological behavior, namely, friction of nanocoated thin layer by tantalum (Ta), niobium (Nb), and vanadium (V) manufactured using plasma sputtering at 1, 2, and 3 hours on substrates made of 316L stainless steel (SS), which is thought to be one of the most popular alloys for stainless steel orthodontic archwires. The friction of coated 316L SS archwires coated with Ta, Nb, and V plasma sputtering is hardly mentioned in the literature as of yet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An oscillating pin-on-plate tribological test using a computerized tribometer was performed by applying a load of 1 N for 20 minutes under the dry condition at room temperature (25°C) to understand their role in the tribological behavior of the bulk material. Ta and Nb were found to reduce the friction of their SS substrate significantly (45 and 55%, respectively), while V was found to deteriorate the friction of its substrate. Moreover, sputtering time had no substantial role in the friction reduction of coatings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nanocoating of 316L SS bulk material by Nb and Ta with a 1-hour plasma sputtering time can enhance dramatically its tribological behavior. Higher coating hardness, smaller nanoparticle size, intermediate surface coating roughness, and lower surface binding energy of the coatings may play a vital role in friction reduction of the coated 316L SS corresponding to SS orthodontic archwires, predicting to enhance orthodontic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6676473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10465258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10500918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sugarcane Bagasse-Derived Cellulose Nanocrystal/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Gum Tragacanth Composite Film Incorporated with Betel Leaf Extract as a Versatile Biomaterial for Wound Dressing.","authors":"Luong Ngoc Diem, Selorm Torgbo, Indranil Banerjee, Kunal Pal, Udomlak Sukatta, Prapassorn Rugthaworn, Prakit Sukyai","doi":"10.1155/2023/9630168","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/9630168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, nanocomposite film was fabricated using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as nanofiller in a polymer matrix of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and gum tragacanth (GT) via solution casting. CNCs were extracted from sugarcane bagasse using a steam explosion technique followed by acid hydrolysis. Initial analysis of CNCs by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed nanosized particles of 104 nm in length and 7 nm in width. Physical and chemical characteristics of neat PVA, PVA/GT, and PVA/GT/CNC films with varying concentrations of CNCs (from 2% to 10%) were analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, mechanical test, and swelling test. The SEM analysis showed cluster formation of CNCs in the polymer matrix at high concentration. The developed films were transparent. FTIR spectrometry analysis confirmed the chemical functional groups of the various components in the film. The presence of GT and CNCs in the polymer matrix improved the characteristics of films as evident in the prolonged stability for 7 days and increased mechanical properties. The highest elastic modulus of 1526.11 ± 31.86 MPa and tensile strength of 80.39 MPa were recorded in PVA/GT/CNC2 film. The swelling ability, however, decreased from 260% to 230%. Cytotoxicity analysis of the PVA/GT/CNC film showed that it is nontoxic to mouse fibroblast cells L929 with 95% cell viability. Films loaded with betel leaf extract exhibited excellent antibacterial activities against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> DMST 8840 and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> TISTR 781 with 28.20 ± 0.84 mm and 23.60 ± 0.55 mm inhibition zones, respectively. These results demonstrate that PVA/GT/CNC loaded with the betel leaf extract could act as promising and versatile wound dressings to protect the wound surface from infection and dehydration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9630168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10359141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9918954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}