International Journal of Biomaterials最新文献

{"title":"Recent Advances in Mechanobiology-Mediated In Situ Tissue Engineering.","authors":"Henry Agbe, Bright N Jaato, Dominic A Dadzie, Benjamin Mensah Frimpong, Prudent M Mensah, Michael K Appiah, David Dodoo-Arhin, Alexandre Kabla","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/7100178","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbm/7100178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue engineering aims to repair, replace, or regenerate damaged tissues by integrating principles of biology, engineering, and material science. Traditional ex vivo strategies, involving prefabricated cell/scaffold constructs followed by implantation, have shown promise but face significant limitations, including poor vascularization, immune rejection, high costs, and clinical translation challenges. These limitations have driven the emergence of in situ tissue engineering, which harnesses the body's intrinsic regenerative capacity by recruiting endogenous stem or progenitor cells to sites of injury for repair. A key requirement for successful in situ regeneration is the design of biomimetic three-dimensional scaffolds capable of delivering bioactive molecules such as growth factors and cytokines in a controlled and spatiotemporal manner. In addition to biochemical cues, mechanobiology plays a central role by regulating cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation through mechanotransduction pathways involving cytoskeletal remodeling, extracellular matrix (ECM) dynamics, and nuclear signaling. This review highlights mechanobiology-mediated strategies, scaffold designs, and applications for hard and soft tissue repair, as well as challenges and future directions in regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7100178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13370111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148455570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporation of Pyranocoumarin, Xanthyletin, in Dental Composite Resins to Produce Biobased Composites: Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Mechanical and Optical Properties.","authors":"Ana M Herrera-González, A Lobo Guerrero-Serrano, N Trejo-Carbajal, J García-Serrano, M C Reyes-Angeles, M Vargas-Ramírez, G Ortega-Zarzosa","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/1828509","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbm/1828509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental organs are naturally fluorescent. In dentistry, composite biomaterials have been sought that match not only the physical and chemical performance of the organs but also the optics so that they have a completely natural appearance. However, matching physical and optical properties has been challenging because materials are required to withstand the tensile forces of dental organs and materials that fluoresce at a specific wavelength. To achieve this, a novel strategy proposed in this work is to use a natural product extracted from the Bloodwood tree, xanthyletin, in dental materials. Xanthyletin, due to its chemical structure, is a natural fluorescent compound capable of dissipating stresses by the formation of hydrogen bonds in a composite resin. The objectives of this study were to extract xanthyletin from the Bloodwood tree and characterize it by NMR and FTIR, as well as to study its fluorescence through the determination of its quantum yield, and subsequently, to evaluate the effect of the addition of xanthyletin on the mechanical, optical, and physicochemical properties in the formulation of dental resin composite (DRC). The results showed that the use of xanthyletin at 0.3% by weight is sufficient to obtain the highest value of flexural strength and elastic modulus, with a statistically significant difference with respect to the control (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, due to its fluorescence, xanthyletin, when used in the formulation of composite resins, at a low concentration (0.3%), confers the fluorescence property and improves the natural appearance of composite resins. Double-bond conversion, polymerization contraction, solubility, and water sorption were not statistically significant compared to the control (<i>p</i> > 0.05); however, they met the requirements established by the ISO 4049 Dentistry - Polymer-Based Restorative Materials standard.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"1828509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13349991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, and Study of the Bioactivity of Nanosized Fe(III) and Cr(III) Coordination Polymers Based on Cross-Linked Sodium Alginate and Polyacrylic Acid Biopolymers.","authors":"Maged S Al-Fakeh, Maryam Aldoghaim, Munirah S Alazmi, Yassine El-Ghoul, Ahmed B M Ibrahim","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/3245959","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbm/3245959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study focuses on the preparation and properties of nanosized Fe(III) and Cr(III) coordination polymers using cross-linked sodium alginate (AG) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) as biopolymer matrices. The cross-linked ligand biopolymer was prepared, and its reactions with iron(III) chloride and chromium(III) chloride were performed. The obtained complexes were characterized using techniques, including elemental analysis, FT-IR, and UV-Vis. spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM, which confirmed structural integrity, electronic transitions, and unique morphologies of them. The crystallite size of all nanostructured coordination polymers was in the range of 35-40 nm. Thermal analysis (thermogravimetry, derivative thermogravimetry, and differential thermal studies) has been used to study the thermal decomposition stages. All the synthesized coordination polymers were nonelectrolytes with magnetic moments ranging from 3.91 to 5.92 BM. The antimicrobial and antioxidant capabilities of the nanosized metal coordination polymers confirmed their potential to mitigate oxidative stress and related disorders and revealed excellent biocompatibility of the polymeric complexes. Furthermore, preliminary anticancer studies indicated that these Fe(III) and Cr(III) nanosized coordination polymers exhibit significant cytotoxic effects against breast MCF-7 cancer cell lines and no toxicity against normal cell lines, suggesting their potential as drug delivery systems or therapeutic agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3245959"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13332315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral Surface Protection of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS)-Appended Hybrid Surface Materials.","authors":"Bibek Pramanik, Aparna Varma, Chandan Kumar Pal, Jakir Ahmed, Krishnendu Hazra, Totan Ghosh, Amirul Islam Mallick, Krishnendu Maji","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/6543607","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbm/6543607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid technological advancement has led to a growing need for new materials with enhanced properties to meet the demands of emerging applications. Traditional single-component materials often fail to meet the required demands, pushing the exploration of new composite materials. In these contexts, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) as hybrid nanomaterials exhibit excellent mechanical, thermal and chemical stability, making them ideal for advanced material design. In addition, their hydrophobic nature and ability to be functionalized enable antimicrobial properties with enhanced resistance to microbial adhesion. Compared to hybrid nanomaterials, single-component antiviral materials have limitations, including short-term durability and low surface stability. The rationale for developing the POSS-stearic acid hybrid composite is based on the ability to form a rigid nanocage framework of POSS, which provides structural robustness and enhanced stability. We show that by combining POSS with stearic acid, the hybrid material displays greater hydrophobicity than its individual components, making it an effective surface coating material that prevents the attachment of microbial pathogens, including viruses, such as human coronavirus-OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and Type A influenza virus (H1N1). We provide evidence that the present material not only serves as a barrier to viral attachment to the surface but also significantly reduces viral infectivity, possibly through direct neutralization, thereby offering a promising strategy for mitigating surface-mediated transmission of respiratory viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6543607"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13282269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148294756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Titanium Implants Anodized With Aqueous Extract of <i>Psidium guajava</i> and Conventional Electrolytes.","authors":"Felipe Gustavo Dias, Gabriela Zimmermann Prado Rodrigues, Isadora Schell Frozza, Carlos Henrique Amaro da Silva, Fernando Dal Pont Morisso, Cláudia Trindade Oliveira, Günther Gehlen, Ana Luiza Ziulkoski","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/5522753","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbm/5522753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Titanium implants can release ions that damage cells. Anodization creates a protective oxide layer, but conventional acid methods raise environmental and safety concerns. This study evaluates in vitro cytotoxicity and osseointegration with the <i>Psidium guajava</i> aqueous leaf extract (PgE) as an alternative anodization electrolyte for titanium plates. For this purpose, 1-cm² titanium plates were anodized with H₃PO₄, a combination of H₃PO₄+HF or PgE, and each group was assessed for its impact on cell viability, adhesion, and proliferation in osteosarcoma (Saos-2) and fibroblast (NIH-3T3) cells. The plate surfaces were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and contact angle measurements using the sessile drop method, demonstrating greater hydrophilicity in plates anodized with PgE. Cytotoxicity was assessed using both indirect assays (extraction media) and direct assays, where cells were seeded directly onto titanium plates; cell viability was determined by MTT and NRU assays after 24 and 96 h. Osseointegration was analyzed by counting nuclei through DAPI staining and adhesion using scanning electron microscopy. In indirect assays, all samples showed no significant difference compared to the control (ANOVA/Tukey's; <i>p</i> < 0.05), while direct assays demonstrated an average increase in cell viability on all anodized plates. The number of cell nuclei increased on H₃PO₄ and PgE plates in both cell lines compared to pure titanium. SEM analysis revealed improved cell morphology and adhesion on surfaces anodized with H₃PO₄ or PgE, whereas cells on H₃PO₄+HF appeared thinner and less spread, suggesting impaired cellular anchorage. The results show that using PgE as an anodization electrolyte for titanium plates caused no cytotoxicity and enhanced cell proliferation and adhesion, outperforming conventional H₃PO₄+HF electrolyte. This makes it a promising and sustainable alternative aligned with green chemistry principles.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5522753"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13238503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148198825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting ISO 10993-5 In Vitro Cytotoxicity Standard Tests for Evaluation of Extracellular Matrix-Based Biomaterials.","authors":"Rashmi Ramakrishnan, Andrew C Daly","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/7395612","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbm/7395612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytotoxicity testing is a critical step in the preclinical evaluation of biomaterials and medical devices, with extracellular matrix (ECM)-based biomaterials constituting a significant category. The current ISO 10993-5:2009 standard, Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices-Part 5: Tests for In Vitro Cytotoxicity, delineates four metabolic assays that primarily rely on colorimetric methods and colony formation. However, relying solely on colorimetric assays or colony formation fails to provide precise insights into cell function/activity and may yield false-positive results, contributing to interlaboratory discrepancies. This study systematically evaluated ISO 10993-5-recommended assays for ECM-based commercial products, specifically assessing the impact of key assay variables including cell types, contact mode (test extracts versus test material itself), and media components (with or without serum) on biological outcomes. These evaluations support the development of more accurate and robust test methods. While all four assays indicated the noncytotoxic nature of the test samples, metabolic activity readings varied substantially depending on the serum presence, cell types, and assay method employed. To address these limitations and achieve more precise insights into cellular activity, cell membrane integrity (live/dead staining), cell-ECM attachment (actin cytoskeleton), proliferation (Ki67), and apoptosis (annexin V) were analyzed. Notably, despite observing increased metabolic activity (100%-150%) under serum-free conditions measured using MTT and XTT assays, live/dead and actin staining showed no corresponding changes in cell viability or attachment, and Ki67 indicated only ∼15% proliferation. Annexin V staining was detected only in human primary dermal fibroblasts, highlighting their greater reliability over L929 cells for detecting apoptosis. These findings provide a valuable reference for researchers, regulatory bodies, and industry stakeholders in refining cytotoxicity testing protocols and guiding future ISO 10993-5 revisions for more reliable assessment of biomaterials and medical devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7395612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13239468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148198786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement Reinforced With a Nanofiller Synthesized by the Coprecipitation Method.","authors":"Neven S Aref","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/4952239","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbm/4952239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Modification of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) using nanofillers is a promising approach to enhance its clinical performance. This study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness and color stability of conventional GIC after modification with a synthesized 70:30 hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CTS) nanocomposite.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A 70:30 hydroxyapatite/chitosan nanocomposite was synthesized and incorporated into GIC powder at 1, 3, and 5 wt.%. Four groups were prepared: Group I (control), Group II (1 wt.% HA/CTS), Group III (3 wt.% HA/CTS), and Group IV (5 wt.% HA/CTS). A total of 80 specimens were fabricated (<i>n</i> = 10 per group for each test). Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a profilometer, while color stability (ΔE) was assessed using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (<i>α</i> = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GIC modified with the 3 wt.% HA/CTS nanocomposite exhibited the lowest surface roughness and demonstrated clinically acceptable color change (ΔE ≤ 3.3) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Higher nanocomposite loading (5 wt.%) resulted in significantly increased surface roughness and clinically perceptible color alteration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Incorporation of the 3 wt.% 70:30 HA/CTS nanocomposite into conventional GIC produced a smoother surface and acceptable esthetic outcome, suggesting a promising formulation for improved clinical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4952239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13131055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gelatin-Based Head Phantoms: A Practical Guide for Artificial Brain Signal Research.","authors":"Elif Nur Selçuk, Gökçenur Çakmak, Mustafa Reşit Usal","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/2255123","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbm/2255123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The involvement of human subjects in the development of biomedical devices presents both ethical and practical challenges. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals exhibit interindividual variability and are subject to fluctuations induced by movement and emotional states. Hence, the fabrication of artificial tissues (phantoms) capable of accurately replicating human organs and tissues is of critical importance. The primary objective of this study was to create phantoms that accurately mimic the electrical conductivity of human head tissues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phantom compositions were optimized to accomplish these objectives. This article details the fabrication and characterization of 116 tissue-mimicking rat head size phantoms (RHSPs) with diverse concentrations, mixing durations, volumes, and combinations of gelatin, salt, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) solution, silver nanopowder (Ag), graphite powder (Gr), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution, sodium alginate (SA) solution, PVA/SA solutions, and potassium sorbate (KS), evaluated for their electrical conductivity properties using an LCR meter. Using the electrical conductivity values derived from the RHSP data, a regression equation was developed in Python, which was then employed to fabricate a human head phantom (HHP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Conductive polymer-based phantoms with electrical conductivity and biological properties comparable to real cranial tissues were successfully developed, making them suitable for EEG electrode and cap applications. The developed HHP was powered by a signal generator, and artificial EEG brain waves were generated using the OpenBCI platform. Based on the acquired data, brain simulations were conducted using the low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) program. The trials produced phantoms with electrical conductivity consistent with that of most tissues within the layers of the human skull. The study provides a framework for the economical and efficient fabrication of both single- and multilayer head phantoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2255123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatase-Gentamicin Electrophoretic Coatings on Polyurethane-Modified Titanium: Antibacterial Performance, Biocompatibility, and Drug Delivery.","authors":"Fabiola A Gutiérrez-Mejía, Rossana F Vargas-Coronado, Claudia Vásquez-López, Luis Díaz-Ballote, Claribel Huchin-Chan, Fabiola E Villa-de-la-Torre, Victor E Arana-Argaez, Raúl Rosales-Ibáñez, Arely M González-González, Raymundo Cruz-Pérez, Juan V Cauich-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/7643259","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbm/7643259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infections, limited biocompatibility, and material degradation remain major challenges for metallic implants in biomedical applications. To address these issues, this study presents a multifunctional coating strategy for Grade 2 titanium using a base layer of segmented polyurethane (Tecoflex SG-80A), followed by the co-deposition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and gentamicin sulfate. Corrosion polarization tests revealed enhanced passivation of polyurethane-coated surfaces with no signs of pitting corrosion. Coatings showed porous microstructures with both nanoparticles and antibiotics distributed within and along pore edges. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the surface presence of both components. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated loadings of 0.17 ± 0.02 mg of gentamicin and 0.30 ± 0.04 mg of TiO₂ per specimen. SEM and AFM analyses showed that over 86% of the surface was covered with gentamicin and nanoparticles. Contact angle measurements revealed a hydrophilic character (35°) for coatings containing both gentamicin and TiO₂ nanoparticles, favorable for biological interactions. Cytotoxicity assays using dental pulp mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts demonstrated no cytotoxic effects after 72 h, whereas antibacterial tests against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> indicated inhibitory effects. Gentamicin release from the coatings followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, suggesting a diffusion-driven profile. These results support the development of durable, biocompatible, and antibacterial coatings for titanium implants that can reduce infection risk, enhance corrosion resistance, and support tissue integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7643259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Flexible Bioelectrodes for Next-Generation Implantable Triboelectric Nanogenerators.","authors":"Viraj P Nirwan, Altangerel Amarjargal, Viktorie Ročková, Martin Timusk, Linards Lapčinskis, Rebecca Hengsbach, Eva Filová, Andris Šutka, Amir Fahmi","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/5695793","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbm/5695793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fabrication of novel bioelectrodes using electrospun nanofibers and a prototype for a sustainable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is explored in this study. Poly(lactic acid-caprolactone) (PLCL) was electrospun as the matrix of the bioelectrode and functionalized with a commercial graphene XT3. Afterward, the fibers were coated with graphene ink (Gr.ink) or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The average diameter of nanofibers increased multifold after coating. PEDOT:PSS-coated fibers showed the highest Young's modulus at 98 MPa. The nanofiber mats did not show decreased metabolic activity below the cytotoxic threshold. Graphene-functionalized PLCL fiber coated with Gr.ink showed a significant decrease in proliferation compared to untreated cells. The tested mats did not support human dermal cells' adhesion. The nanofibers blended with graphene and coated with PEDOT:PSS showed the highest conductivity, sufficient for use in TENG devices. A TENG device was assembled using PEDOT:PSS-covered PLCL/graphene fiber mats as electrodes and poly(lactic acid) with poly(glycerol sebacate) as active contact layers. The TENG device achieved a power density of 1.9 mW m^-2 and, during 1 min of operation, charged the capacitor to a voltage corresponding to 71 nJ of stored energy. The TENG module proposed could address the energy demands of healthcare monitoring and wearable electronics, sustainably.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5695793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13121566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}