International Journal of Biomaterials最新文献

{"title":"Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement Reinforced With a Nanofiller Synthesized by the Coprecipitation Method.","authors":"Neven S Aref","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/4952239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijbm/4952239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Modification of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) using nanofillers is a promising approach to enhance its clinical performance. This study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness and color stability of conventional GIC after modification with a synthesized 70:30 hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CTS) nanocomposite.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A 70:30 hydroxyapatite/chitosan nanocomposite was synthesized and incorporated into GIC powder at 1, 3, and 5 wt.%. Four groups were prepared: Group I (control), Group II (1 wt.% HA/CTS), Group III (3 wt.% HA/CTS), and Group IV (5 wt.% HA/CTS). A total of 80 specimens were fabricated (<i>n</i> = 10 per group for each test). Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a profilometer, while color stability (ΔE) was assessed using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (<i>α</i> = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GIC modified with the 3 wt.% HA/CTS nanocomposite exhibited the lowest surface roughness and demonstrated clinically acceptable color change (ΔE ≤ 3.3) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Higher nanocomposite loading (5 wt.%) resulted in significantly increased surface roughness and clinically perceptible color alteration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Incorporation of the 3 wt.% 70:30 HA/CTS nanocomposite into conventional GIC produced a smoother surface and acceptable esthetic outcome, suggesting a promising formulation for improved clinical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4952239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13131055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gelatin-Based Head Phantoms: A Practical Guide for Artificial Brain Signal Research.","authors":"Elif Nur Selçuk, Gökçenur Çakmak, Mustafa Reşit Usal","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/2255123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijbm/2255123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The involvement of human subjects in the development of biomedical devices presents both ethical and practical challenges. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals exhibit interindividual variability and are subject to fluctuations induced by movement and emotional states. Hence, the fabrication of artificial tissues (phantoms) capable of accurately replicating human organs and tissues is of critical importance. The primary objective of this study was to create phantoms that accurately mimic the electrical conductivity of human head tissues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phantom compositions were optimized to accomplish these objectives. This article details the fabrication and characterization of 116 tissue-mimicking rat head size phantoms (RHSPs) with diverse concentrations, mixing durations, volumes, and combinations of gelatin, salt, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) solution, silver nanopowder (Ag), graphite powder (Gr), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution, sodium alginate (SA) solution, PVA/SA solutions, and potassium sorbate (KS), evaluated for their electrical conductivity properties using an LCR meter. Using the electrical conductivity values derived from the RHSP data, a regression equation was developed in Python, which was then employed to fabricate a human head phantom (HHP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Conductive polymer-based phantoms with electrical conductivity and biological properties comparable to real cranial tissues were successfully developed, making them suitable for EEG electrode and cap applications. The developed HHP was powered by a signal generator, and artificial EEG brain waves were generated using the OpenBCI platform. Based on the acquired data, brain simulations were conducted using the low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) program. The trials produced phantoms with electrical conductivity consistent with that of most tissues within the layers of the human skull. The study provides a framework for the economical and efficient fabrication of both single- and multilayer head phantoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2255123"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatase-Gentamicin Electrophoretic Coatings on Polyurethane-Modified Titanium: Antibacterial Performance, Biocompatibility, and Drug Delivery.","authors":"Fabiola A Gutiérrez-Mejía, Rossana F Vargas-Coronado, Claudia Vásquez-López, Luis Díaz-Ballote, Claribel Huchin-Chan, Fabiola E Villa-de-la-Torre, Victor E Arana-Argaez, Raúl Rosales-Ibáñez, Arely M González-González, Raymundo Cruz-Pérez, Juan V Cauich-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/7643259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijbm/7643259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infections, limited biocompatibility, and material degradation remain major challenges for metallic implants in biomedical applications. To address these issues, this study presents a multifunctional coating strategy for Grade 2 titanium using a base layer of segmented polyurethane (Tecoflex SG-80A), followed by the co-deposition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and gentamicin sulfate. Corrosion polarization tests revealed enhanced passivation of polyurethane-coated surfaces with no signs of pitting corrosion. Coatings showed porous microstructures with both nanoparticles and antibiotics distributed within and along pore edges. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the surface presence of both components. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated loadings of 0.17 ± 0.02 mg of gentamicin and 0.30 ± 0.04 mg of TiO₂ per specimen. SEM and AFM analyses showed that over 86% of the surface was covered with gentamicin and nanoparticles. Contact angle measurements revealed a hydrophilic character (35°) for coatings containing both gentamicin and TiO₂ nanoparticles, favorable for biological interactions. Cytotoxicity assays using dental pulp mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts demonstrated no cytotoxic effects after 72 h, whereas antibacterial tests against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> indicated inhibitory effects. Gentamicin release from the coatings followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, suggesting a diffusion-driven profile. These results support the development of durable, biocompatible, and antibacterial coatings for titanium implants that can reduce infection risk, enhance corrosion resistance, and support tissue integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7643259"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Flexible Bioelectrodes for Next-Generation Implantable Triboelectric Nanogenerators.","authors":"Viraj P Nirwan, Altangerel Amarjargal, Viktorie Ročková, Martin Timusk, Linards Lapčinskis, Rebecca Hengsbach, Eva Filová, Andris Šutka, Amir Fahmi","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/5695793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijbm/5695793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fabrication of novel bioelectrodes using electrospun nanofibers and a prototype for a sustainable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is explored in this study. Poly(lactic acid-caprolactone) (PLCL) was electrospun as the matrix of the bioelectrode and functionalized with a commercial graphene XT3. Afterward, the fibers were coated with graphene ink (Gr.ink) or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The average diameter of nanofibers increased multifold after coating. PEDOT:PSS-coated fibers showed the highest Young's modulus at 98 MPa. The nanofiber mats did not show decreased metabolic activity below the cytotoxic threshold. Graphene-functionalized PLCL fiber coated with Gr.ink showed a significant decrease in proliferation compared to untreated cells. The tested mats did not support human dermal cells' adhesion. The nanofibers blended with graphene and coated with PEDOT:PSS showed the highest conductivity, sufficient for use in TENG devices. A TENG device was assembled using PEDOT:PSS-covered PLCL/graphene fiber mats as electrodes and poly(lactic acid) with poly(glycerol sebacate) as active contact layers. The TENG device achieved a power density of 1.9 mW m^-2 and, during 1 min of operation, charged the capacitor to a voltage corresponding to 71 nJ of stored energy. The TENG module proposed could address the energy demands of healthcare monitoring and wearable electronics, sustainably.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5695793"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13121566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers Implementing Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Bone Scaffolds in Australia: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Anthony Vidler, Angus Hayes","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/5250806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijbm/5250806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>3D printing has emerged as an innovative technology over the last decade, with widespread uptake in several fields spanning science, technology and engineering; however, penetration into medical markets has been met with a variety of obstacles. At the 17^th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing in 2018, medical technology stakeholders held a workshop to discuss the barriers that hinder the widespread adoption and diffusion of 3D printing technology in the Australian medical field. Patient-specific 3D-printed bone scaffolds were the central focus of this workshop, with five major barriers identified: material issues; manufacturing and postprocess approval; medical and professional endorsement and adoption; reimbursement; and staff training. To determine the progress made towards overcoming these barriers, we have reviewed the body of literature published from the 2018 conference until now. The most significant progress was observed in material issues with a significant increase in the number of materials and combination of materials that have been successfully printed and used in multiple animal trials and limited human cases. Manufacturing and postprocess approval issues that enable 3D-printed bone scaffold implantation have seen preliminary success with a handful of case trials documented with various levels of success, yet a distinct level of development is still required to satisfy this barrier before commercial production parameters and widespread adoption will be recognized. Medical and professional endorsement and adoption, reimbursement and staff training are yet to experience significant progression, with the possibility that the extent of these barriers will not be clearly understood until well after regulatory approval has been achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5250806"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Effect of Eugenol-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Against <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection: A Histologic and Molecular Study.","authors":"Mohammad Javad Tahmasebi, Mahmoud Osanloo, Alireaza Tavassoli, Abbas Abdollahi, Elham Zarenezhad, Fatemeh Norouzi, Behnoosh Miladpour","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/6699913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijbm/6699913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Eugenol is a phenolic compound known for its antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Its encapsulation in chitosan nanoparticles (EuChiNPs) enhances stability and therapeutic efficacy.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of EuChiNPs on <i>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori</i>) infection in rats, focusing on its impact on inflammatory and apoptotic pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EuChiNPs were synthesized and characterized using DLS, TEM, and FTIR techniques. A total of 42 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups, including controls, <i>H. pylori</i>-infected, and treatment groups receiving EuChiNPs, standard antibiotics, or a combination. The effects of treatments were evaluated using RT-PCR, ELISA, Western blotting, and histopathology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combination of EuChiNPs and standard antibiotics significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory markers interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α were markedly decreased in the combination group compared with antibiotics alone (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Western blot analysis revealed a reduction in caspase-3 and caspase-7 expression, indicating attenuation of apoptosis. Histopathological analysis showed improved mucosal integrity and reduced bacterial density in the combination treatment group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EuChiNPs demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects, especially when combined with standard antibiotics. This novel approach promises to improve <i>H. pylori</i> eradication while minimizing antibiotic resistance and side effects. Further clinical studies are recommended to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6699913"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13042343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Metallic Nanoparticles Applications in Neurological Disorders: A Review\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/9871908","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbm/9871908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/ijbm/4557622.].</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9871908"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12961412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147377184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selecting Hydrogel Films Composed of Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Microcrystalline Cellulose From OPEFB With Citric Acid as a Green Crosslinker for Fruit Wrapping.","authors":"Susi Susi, Makhmudun Ainuri, Wagiman Wagiman, Mohammad Affan Fajar Falah, Hisyam Musthafa Al Hakim","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/2806425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijbm/2806425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cellulose-based hydrogel films are promising alternatives to plastic for wrapping. Hydrogel films based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) must exhibit high mechanical strength and be capable of absorbing moisture. Crosslinking increases the absorption capacity and mechanical strength of hydrogel films. As a filler, MCC can synergize with citric acid, which acts as an environmentally friendly crosslinker to enhance mechanical strength. This research aimed to develop a suitable CMC/MCC formulation and citric acid as a crosslinker, resulting in a hydrogel with high water absorption and mechanical strength. CMC/MCC formulations were combined with citric acid concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The results showed that the MCC and citric acid will affect absorption and mechanical strength. The addition of MCC up to 50% tends to produce a brittle hydrogel film, and this phenomenon is also correlated with increased citric acid. A 90:10 CMC/MCC formulation with 5% citric acid (w/v) resulted in a water uptake of 222.72 ± 9.32 at pH 7.0. In contrast, the 80:20 CMC/MCC formulation resulted in a water uptake of 603.02 ± 26.98. They both showed higher rehydration of the dry gel than the others. FTIR confirmed the sharpening of the peak wave number at 1705 cm^-1, which is identical to the protonated carbonyl group and correlates with the water absorption capacity. The morphology of hydrogel films containing a CMC/MCC ratio of 90:10 exhibits a smoother surface than that of those with a CMC/MCC ratio of 80:20, which feature bubbles on the surface cracks of the hydrogel film due to the presence of more water absorption channels. Hydrogel films with a CMC/MCC ratio of 90:10 and 5% citric acid (w/v) can be developed for wrapping by modifying their hygroscopic properties. In contrast, hydrogel films with an 80:20 ratio and 5% citric acid are suitable for use as absorbents.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2806425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12911528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-Assisted Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets From Graphene Oxide: Promising and Efficient Cytotoxic and Antidiabetic Potency in In Vitro, Kinetic, and In Silico Models.","authors":"Mansi Yadav, Divya Vashishth, Monika Bhardwaj, Jaya Parkash Yadav, Sudhir Kumar Kataria","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/5521416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijbm/5521416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Green chemistry has recently made strides in the sustainable synthesis of next-generation nanomaterials using reducing agents sourced from plants. Biocompatible conversion of reduced graphene oxide from graphene oxide nanomaterials is of particular interest in medical applications. The leaf extract of <i>C. igneus</i> functions as a reducing agent to produce reduced graphene oxide nanosheets from its precursor graphene oxide. A variety of characterization techniques were employed to confirm the formation and stability of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. The cytotoxicity and glucose uptake potential of nanosheets have been evaluated through in vitro cell-based assays. The MTT assay revealed a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect on Chang liver and U87MG cells, with maximum 84.5% and 76.3% cell viability, respectively. Reduced graphene oxide exhibited a significant rise in glucose uptake, comparable to the metformin drug, with increasing concentration. Enhanced glucose transport mediated by the nanosheets resulted in increased glucose uptake. Effective IC₅₀ values of 84.46 μg·mL^-1 and 93.83 μg·mL^-1 were obtained in vitro enzyme inhibition studies against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. The enzyme kinetic investigation found noncompetitive inhibition for both enzymes. Molecular docking studies of <i>C. igneus</i> leaf derivatives were performed against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Corosolic acid was selected based on favorable docking scores, binding interactions, and low root-mean-square deviation and was subjected to molecular dynamics simulations, which confirmed the stability of the resulting complex. This study concludes that reduced graphene oxide nanosheets derived from <i>C. igneus</i> leaves represent a novel antidiabetic agent that can reduce blood glucose levels and mitigate the complications associated with Type II diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5521416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12911526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Genipin Crosslinking on the Cellular Delivery of Gelatin Nanocarriers Using Curcumin as a Payload.","authors":"Ram Pada Das, Minati Nayak, Beena Gobind Singh, Koushik Majee, Amit Kunwar","doi":"10.1155/ijbm/9512576","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijbm/9512576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gelatin-based nanoformulations have received special attention for drug delivery applications because of their regulatory acceptability. A thorough understanding of the factors controlling the interaction of gelatin nanocarriers with cellular systems is crucial for their future biomedical applications. The present study addresses the effect of genipin crosslinking on the ability of gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) to deliver curcumin, a pharmacologically active ingredient from turmeric into lung cancer (A549) cells. Briefly, the methodology was optimized to prepare GNP (15 mg/mL) crosslinked with 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL of genipin (GN-GNP1-3, respectively). The crosslinking of GN-GNP1-3 was established through UV-VIS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and circular dichroism measurements. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy showed nearly identical hydrodynamic size (165 ± 15 nm) and shape (spherical) for GN-GNP1-3. Subsequently, these nanocarriers were loaded with curcumin and evaluated for drug delivery properties (loading efficiency and release kinetics), cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and associated mechanisms. These studies together revealed that GN-GNP1-3 of increasing degree of crosslinking exhibited higher curcumin loading efficiency, facilitated slow and sustained release of curcumin over a prolonged period (80 h) by a non-Fickian mechanism, and ultimately increased the cellular uptake and the effectiveness (or cytotoxicity) of entrapped curcumin in A549 cells. The pharmacological abrogation investigations established that curcumin-loaded GN-GNP3 was internalized within A549 cells through caveolae-mediated endocytosis. In conclusion, genipin crosslinking of gelatin-based nanocarriers seemed to be a novel strategy to increase the cellular uptake cum effectiveness of a hydrophobic payload like curcumin.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9512576"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12905463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146201521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}