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Why not both? A case study in measuring cortisol and corticosterone. 为什么不是两者都有呢?测量皮质醇和皮质酮的案例研究。
IF 1.9 4区 生物学
Integrative Organismal Biology Pub Date : 2025-11-19 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obaf041
S E Westrick, R T Paitz, E K Fischer
{"title":"Why not both? A case study in measuring cortisol and corticosterone.","authors":"S E Westrick, R T Paitz, E K Fischer","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obaf041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A general tenet in stress physiology is that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis predominantly produces one glucocorticoid (GC) in response to stressors. However, most vertebrates produce both cortisol and corticosterone, these steroids show variation across species in absolute levels, relative proportions, and stress responsivity, and they regulate much more than just stress physiology. In the present commentary, we argue that focusing on a single GC may not capture the whole story, presenting an overview of previous studies and an example from our own work on poisons frogs-a group relatively new to endocrinological studies. We originally set out to validate non-invasive waterborne hormone measurements in our focal species, the dyeing poison frog <i>Dendrobates tinctorius</i>. In pursuing this goal, we uncovered unexpected patterns of GC abundance within and across species. <i>Dendrobates tinctorius</i> had higher amounts of corticosterone than cortisol in both plasma and waterborne samples, and corticosterone was responsive to adrenocorticotropic hormone as canonically assumed. However, corticosterone and cortisol levels were surprisingly similar in <i>D. tinctorius</i>, and cortisol was more abundant than corticosterone in water samples from four additional poison frog species. Alongside those of other studies, these results challenge the broadly accepted assumption that corticosterone is always more abundant in amphibians and add to the growing literature highlighting the importance of measuring both GCs to understand (stress) physiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf041"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12696386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145756249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Internal Otic Region of Oromerycids (Artiodactyla, Oromerycidae), Early Camelids (Artiodactyla, Camelidae), and the Vicuña (Artiodactyla, Camelidae), Including Notes on Intraspecific and Subadult Ontogenetic Variation. 金刚猴属(偶蹄目,金刚猴科)、早期骆驼属(偶蹄目,Camelidae)和Vicuña(偶蹄目,Camelidae)的内耳区,包括种内和亚成虫个体发育变异的注释。
IF 1.9 4区 生物学
Integrative Organismal Biology Pub Date : 2025-11-17 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obaf043
S V Robson, A Prokop, C N Baird, J A Ludtke, S T Tucker, J M Theodor
{"title":"The Internal Otic Region of Oromerycids (Artiodactyla, Oromerycidae), Early Camelids (Artiodactyla, Camelidae), and the Vicuña (Artiodactyla, Camelidae), Including Notes on Intraspecific and Subadult Ontogenetic Variation.","authors":"S V Robson, A Prokop, C N Baird, J A Ludtke, S T Tucker, J M Theodor","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf043","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obaf043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The taxonomic composition of the suborder Tylopoda is an ongoing debate. Recently, the internal otic region (petrosal and bony labyrinth) has been intensively studied as a source of additional morphological data, but the morphology of this region in extinct tylopods is not well documented. To remedy this, we used µCT scanning to image and describe the petrosal and bony labyrinth of two oromerycids (<i>Protylopus, Eotylopus</i>), four early camelids (<i>Poebrotherium wilsoni, Poebrotherium eximium, Paratylopus primaevus, Stevenscamelus franki</i>), and the living vicuña (<i>Vicugna vicugna</i>). Several early camelid specimens also preserved the ear ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes), enabling us to describe their morphology for the first time. Our sample allows us to not only compare among taxa, but to also examine variation within taxa and during ontogeny. We found that the morphology of the petrosal is far more variable than that of the bony labyrinth, both within and across taxa. There is no notable ontogenetic variation between the juveniles and adults in our sample. <i>Protylopus</i> has an unusual petrosal morphology, and its bony labyrinth is somewhat reminiscent of early dichobunoid artiodactyls. Conversely, <i>Eotylopus</i> has a transitional morphology that seemingly links it to camelids. <i>Poebrotherium wilsoni</i> and <i>Po. eximium</i> do not noticeably differ in their morphology, but there are identifiable differences in <i>Pa. primaevus</i> and <i>S. franki</i>, suggesting that the petrosal of camelids is diagnostic at a genus level. The early camelids were distinct from the vicuña in petrosal, bony labyrinth, and ossicular chain morphology, highlighting the importance of examining basally branching members to resolve evolutionary relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf043"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12713648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145804247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wing Morphology, Foraging Strategies, and Flight Performance in Six Sympatric Species of Molossid Bats (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from Argentina. 阿根廷六种同域飞蛾蝠的翅膀形态、觅食策略和飞行性能。
IF 1.9 4区 生物学
Integrative Organismal Biology Pub Date : 2025-11-14 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obaf044
M A Argoitia, P Teta, G H Cassini
{"title":"Wing Morphology, Foraging Strategies, and Flight Performance in Six Sympatric Species of Molossid Bats (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from Argentina.","authors":"M A Argoitia, P Teta, G H Cassini","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf044","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obaf044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Differences in total wing area and shape have long been emphasized in relation to flight and foraging performance in bats. Molossid have a high species richness in the northern portion of Argentina, with many of them coexisting in sympatry and occupying very similar trophic niches. We characterize the wing shape and size of a molossid bat assemblage of six species from the humid Chaco region of northeastern Argentina. Considering that wing shape and size are good indicators of ecological and behavioral traits, we analyze the morphological variation using geometric morphometric tools. Our results provide information on changes in wing membrane morphology that are useful for explaining aspects of species sympatry. The variation in wing membranes is related to aspects of maneuverability, which consequently affects foraging strategies and prey (insects) capture. Also, this study serves as an example of the importance of applying geometric morphometric techniques in ecomorphological approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf044"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12690267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145742167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genetic Structure of the Rocky Intertidal Stalked Barnacle Capitulum mitella Across the Northwest Pacific and Southeast Asia: Influences of Pleistocene Climate Changes and Contemporary Oceanographic Regimes. 西北太平洋和东南亚潮间带石质柄状藤壶的遗传结构:更新世气候变化和当代海洋学制度的影响。
IF 1.9 4区 生物学
Integrative Organismal Biology Pub Date : 2025-11-11 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obaf042
A Shahdadi, B K K Chan
{"title":"Genetic Structure of the Rocky Intertidal Stalked Barnacle <i>Capitulum mitella</i> Across the Northwest Pacific and Southeast Asia: Influences of Pleistocene Climate Changes and Contemporary Oceanographic Regimes.","authors":"A Shahdadi, B K K Chan","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf042","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obaf042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Capitulum mitella</i>, the intertidal stalked barnacle, is a common commercial seafood throughout East Asia. This study investigates the phylogeography of this species across the South China Sea and northwestern Pacific using the mitochondrial COX1 marker. Phylogenetic analyses recovered three distinct clades: (1) the NW Pacific and SE Asian clade, distributed from Vietnam, mainland China to northern Japan; (2) the South clade, found in eastern Malaysia and the Philippines; and (3) the Ryukyu clade, concentrated in Okinawa and sparsely to the Philippines. These clades likely diverged during Pleistocene glaciations, originating from different glacial refugia. Phylogeographic and demographic analyses also revealed more recent, shallower divergences within both the NW Pacific and SE Asian clade and the South clade, associated with later glacial cycles. Additionally, the genetic structure of the NW Pacific and SE Asian clade, composed of two partially isolated populations, the Northeastern and the Southwestern populations, probably resulted from thermal and salinity selections, as well as climate effects of the LGM. The NW Pacific and SE Asian clade and the South clade do not overlap in distribution within the South China Sea. In contrast, the Ryukyu clade co-occurs with the South clade in the Philippines and with the NW Pacific and SE Asian clade in Okinawa, likely facilitated by the Kuroshio Current. The broad latitudinal range of the NW Pacific and SE Asian clade (10°N to 40°N) suggests it is an eurythermal lineage capable of thriving across a wide range of temperatures. (<i>Capitulum mitella</i>), , 。COX1, 。:1) , 、;2) , ;3) , 。。, , 、 。, , , 。, , , 。10°N40°N, , 。.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf042"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12699151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145756220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relationships between Pre- and Postcopulatory Sexually Selected Traits in Green Frogs (Lithobates clamitans). 绿蛙(Lithobates clamitans)交配前后性选择性状的关系
IF 1.9 4区 生物学
Integrative Organismal Biology Pub Date : 2025-11-06 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obaf040
M O Girard, C J Clark, A F Kahrl
{"title":"Relationships between Pre- and Postcopulatory Sexually Selected Traits in Green Frogs (<i>Lithobates clamitans</i>).","authors":"M O Girard, C J Clark, A F Kahrl","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf040","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obaf040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexual selection is thought to be a primary driver of trait evolution. The expression of traits that improve mate acquisition or fertilization success may be linked in organisms that experience intense sexual selection as they must invest sufficient energy into many different sexual traits in order to reproduce. Two prevailing models-the phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis and the trade-off hypothesis-describe potential positive or negative correlations, respectively, between pre- and postcopulatory traits. We examined the interaction between precopulatory traits (belly coloration and forearm size) and postcopulatory traits (sperm morphology, sperm velocity, and sperm count) in male Green Frogs (<i>Lithobates clamitans).</i> We found multiple positive and negative correlations between pre- and postcopulatory sexual traits. Interestingly, belly saturation and hue, which are precopulatory traits, were negatively correlated with sperm count and sperm length, suggesting that the expression of these traits is constrained by energetic resources, fitting the trade-off hypothesis. However, male forearm size was positively correlated with both sperm count and sperm velocity but negatively correlated with sperm length. These results suggest that males must make complex investments in suites of sexual traits to maximize fitness in the face of energetic trade-offs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf040"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12628315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145563868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Classification of Odor-Derived Electroantennograms with Machine Learning. 基于机器学习的气味天线图分类。
IF 1.9 4区 生物学
Integrative Organismal Biology Pub Date : 2025-11-03 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obaf038
Joshua Swore, Melanie Anderson, Marissa Dominguez, Tom Daniel, Jeff Riffell
{"title":"Classification of Odor-Derived Electroantennograms with Machine Learning.","authors":"Joshua Swore, Melanie Anderson, Marissa Dominguez, Tom Daniel, Jeff Riffell","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf038","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obaf038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insects have a keen ability to detect numerous odors in their environment. These odors, known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), provide the insect with information about food, predators, and mates that may be in the area and are detected by olfactory receptors expressed by sensory neurons on the antennae. When VOCs are transduced by the olfactory sensory neurons, the antennal electrical potential dynamically changes, causing a local field potential (LFP) response to occur. Research has used the LFP amplitude for determining VOC concentration, but only recently have antennal LFPs been posited to be able to be used for VOC discrimination and identification. To close this gap, we use the time-series response of the antenna to odors as well as principal components of these responses to capture the characteristics of the LFP response, including waveform dynamics, intensity, slope, and duration. We use antennae of the <i>Manduca sexta</i> moth to record LFPs generated in response to Floral and disease associated VOC's. Using machine learning approaches (support vector machines and random forests) trained on the LFP responses, we were able to predict and classify individual VOCs across a range of concentrations, as well as complex mixtures that elicited a given LFP waveform from an excised antenna. These results demonstrate that antennal olfactory responses can be used for the classification of differing VOC features, including concentration, identity, and duration, and have implications for diverse chemical sensing applications, such as search-and-rescue, the presence of agricultural pests, and the presence of human disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf038"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12631027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145587291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tibial Biomechanics and Adaptive Response to Mechanical Stimuli in the Green Iguana. 绿鬣蜥胫骨生物力学和对机械刺激的适应性反应。
IF 1.9 4区 生物学
Integrative Organismal Biology Pub Date : 2025-10-22 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obaf036
T B Arlowe, W Sawatwong, R Fu, H Yang, D Little, T B Lescun, M L Figueiredo, R P Main
{"title":"Tibial Biomechanics and Adaptive Response to Mechanical Stimuli in the Green Iguana.","authors":"T B Arlowe, W Sawatwong, R Fu, H Yang, D Little, T B Lescun, M L Figueiredo, R P Main","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf036","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obaf036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mechanical loading models are used to study adaptive skeletal mechanobiology mechanisms. However, most studies have used mammal models, leaving a knowledge gap regarding how these mechanisms differ among vertebrate groups. To address this gap, we evaluated the <i>in vivo</i> bone strain environment of the left tibia in green iguanas during locomotion, axial compressive loading, and with finite element analysis. Our study involved examining male green iguanas (<i>n</i> = 7) over a range of speeds (0.45-1.34 m/s) and axial load magnitudes (-25 to -100 N) to determine peak strains. Bone strains were measured using single-element strain gauges and rosette strain gauges, surgically attached to the tibial anterior, posterior, and medial surfaces. At a speed of 1.34 m/s, peak strains ± standard deviation observed were 645 ± 699 µε, -448 ± 464 µε, and 206 ± 168 µε at the anterior, posterior, and medial surfaces, respectively. Peak principal tensile and compressive strains on the medial surface were 199 ± 113 µε and -153 ± 98 µε at 1.34 m/s. During -100 N compressive loading, peak strains were 403 ± 277 µε, -506 ± 460 µε, and -52 ± 177 µε at the anterior, posterior, and medial surfaces, respectively. Our finite element model demonstrated a close correlation with experimentally measured strain values at the gauge sites (slope = 1.07, <i>R</i> = 0.8381). Using these foundational <i>in vivo</i> strain results and a daily strain stimulus formula, our objective was to develop a novel noninvasive axial compressive tibial loading model to induce a cortical bone adaptive response in the green iguana tibia (<i>n</i> = 9). However, following 3 weeks of daily applied compressive loading, no significant difference was detected in critical bone parameters at 37 and 50% (midshaft) volume of interests from the proximal tibia (<i>P</i> < 0.05). While this study did not yield significant differences in critical bone parameters following the application of daily compressive loading, it provided new knowledge regarding the bone strain environment and the potential for inducing adaptive responses in the green iguana tibia. Further research may refine our understanding of skeletal mechanobiology mechanisms across vertebrate groups and develop more effective loading models for studying bone adaptation. Overall, the findings of this study, although limited, contribute to the broader field of musculoskeletal mechanobiology, giving insights that may inform bone health and adaptation in diverse species.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf036"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12550686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145377115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fear of Predators Suppresses Neurogenesis in the Brains of Wild Songbirds. 对捕食者的恐惧抑制了野生鸣禽大脑中的神经发生。
IF 1.9 4区 生物学
Integrative Organismal Biology Pub Date : 2025-10-21 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obaf037
L E Witterick, S Davidge, E C Hobbs, S A MacDougall-Shackleton, M Clinchy, L Y Zanette
{"title":"Fear of Predators Suppresses Neurogenesis in the Brains of Wild Songbirds.","authors":"L E Witterick, S Davidge, E C Hobbs, S A MacDougall-Shackleton, M Clinchy, L Y Zanette","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obaf037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fear of predation can lead to behavioral changes indicative of an enduring memory of fear, as acknowledged by both ecologists and biomedical scientists studying post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Enduring memories are often linked to suppressed neurogenesis in laboratory rodents as a potential mechanism to prevent the replacement of existing memories. We used predator vocalizations to assess the enduring effects of fear on neurogenesis in a wild songbird, black-capped chickadees (<i>Poecile atricapillus</i>), quantifying cell proliferation (PCNA immunoreactivity), and immature neurons (doublecortin immunoreactivity) in both sexes. Seven days after predator cue exposure, we found suppression of hippocampal cell proliferation in males, with no effect in females, and suppression of immature neurons in the avian amygdala (medial ventral arcopallium) in both sexes. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that animals retained an enduring memory of fear, with potential sex differences in the behavioral and ecological consequences of these enduring neuronal changes. Finding effects indicative of an enduring memory of fear in wild caught animals supports the notion that there may be evolutionarily adaptive value to retaining an enduring, PTSD-like memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12574329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145431452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sexually Different Parental Inputs in Pheasant-tailed Jacanas and the Correlates with Brood Success. 不同性别亲本输入对鸡尾金鸡繁殖成功率的影响。
IF 1.9 4区 生物学
Integrative Organismal Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-04 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obaf035
Y-M Kuo, Y-F Lee, B-Y Chuang, Y-J Kuo, H-C Hsu, Y-Y Chiang, Y-L Tai, S-L Chang, C-Y Lin, Y-J Huang, W-C Lee
{"title":"Sexually Different Parental Inputs in Pheasant-tailed Jacanas and the Correlates with Brood Success.","authors":"Y-M Kuo, Y-F Lee, B-Y Chuang, Y-J Kuo, H-C Hsu, Y-Y Chiang, Y-L Tai, S-L Chang, C-Y Lin, Y-J Huang, W-C Lee","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf035","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obaf035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parental care and territoriality are crucial components for the success of avian reproduction. Biparental care with female-biased efforts prevails in avian species, whereas breeding territories in most birds are male- or bisexual-defended. In social-polyandrous birds, however, females trade parental care for mating through sex-role reversal. On the other hand, managing multiple broods or mating events exposes females to physiological/environmental constraints of energetic-nutritional demands, which in turn may result in variations in egg mass and subsequent egg fates. This study assessed sexual differences in parental efforts, including territoriality, time allocation of parental behaviors, and egg-laying (reflected by egg mass) in sex-role-reversed pheasant-tailed jacanas, <i>Hydrophasianus chirurgus</i>, and their relationships with brood success. Females monopolized small ponds but shared larger ones with female neighbors by holding larger territories. In contrast, male territories were within those of their mates, the size was not affected by the presence of male neighbors, and was associated with the total hatchlings and fledglings obtained through multiple clutches. The time allocated in parental behaviors differed between the sexes and across the pre-laying, incubation, and post-hatching stages. The breeding duration, territory size, female breeding order, and male mating order, however, had no effects on parental time allocation. While male time spent chick-attending was positively correlated with brood success, preening negatively correlated with the fledging rate, other behaviors had no effects on reproductive outputs. The egg mass varied slightly, but showed no effect of year, nor the season of laying date until late August. The fourth egg in a clutch was lighter and, among clutches, the egg mass tended to be greater in later clutches and clutches from polyandrous females. We found positive correlations between mean egg mass and the numbers of hatchlings and fledglings gained per clutch. Our results suggest a substantial pre-laying parental input through egg production in polyandrous females. Brood success, however, appears to be determined by the combined effects of multiple factors, including male devotion and environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf035"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Two Decapod Crustaceans, Panopeus herbstii and Petrolisthes armatus, Stabilize Their Gaze Using Achromatic Visual Cues, but Not the Angle of Linearly Polarized Light. 两种十足甲壳类动物,Panopeus herbstii和Petrolisthes armatus,通过消色差视觉线索而不是线偏振光角度来稳定视线。
IF 1.9 4区 生物学
Integrative Organismal Biology Pub Date : 2025-08-18 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obaf034
M Janakis, S Guirges, A C Grant, I Paris, E F LoPresti, D I Speiser
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