{"title":"Patterns of Genetic And Epigenetic Diversity Across A Range Expansion in The White-Footed Mouse (<i>Peromyscus Leucopus</i>).","authors":"T L Rubi, J R do Prado, L L Knowles, B Dantzer","doi":"10.1093/iob/obad038","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obad038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Populations at the leading front of a range expansion must rapidly adapt to novel conditions. Increased epigenetic diversity has been hypothesized to facilitate adaptation and population persistence via non-genetic phenotypic variation, especially if there is reduced genetic diversity when populations expand (i.e., epigenetic diversity compensates for low genetic diversity). In this study, we use the spatial distribution of genetic and epigenetic diversity to test this hypothesis in populations of the white-footed mouse (<i>Peromyscus leucopus</i>) sampled across a purported recent range expansion gradient. We found mixed support for the epigenetic compensation hypothesis and a lack of support for expectations for expansion populations of mice at the range edge, which likely reflects a complex history of expansion in white-footed mice in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Specifically, epigenetic diversity was not increased in the population at the purported edge of the range expansion in comparison to the other expansion populations. However, input from an additional ancestral source populations may have increased genetic diversity at this range edge population, counteracting the expected genetic consequences of expansion, as well as reducing the benefit of increased epigenetic diversity at the range edge. Future work will expand the focal populations to include expansion areas with a single founding lineage to test for the robustness of a general trend that supports the hypothesized compensation of reduced genetic diversity by epigenetic variation observed in the expansion population that was founded from a single historical source.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"obad038"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71521318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B Dantzer, K E Mabry, J R Bernhardt, R M Cox, C D Francis, C K Ghalambor, K L Hoke, S Jha, E Ketterson, N A Levis, K M McCain, G L Patricelli, S H Paull, N Pinter-Wollman, R J Safran, T S Schwartz, H L Throop, L Zaman, L B Martin
{"title":"Understanding Organisms Using Ecological Observatory Networks.","authors":"B Dantzer, K E Mabry, J R Bernhardt, R M Cox, C D Francis, C K Ghalambor, K L Hoke, S Jha, E Ketterson, N A Levis, K M McCain, G L Patricelli, S H Paull, N Pinter-Wollman, R J Safran, T S Schwartz, H L Throop, L Zaman, L B Martin","doi":"10.1093/iob/obad036","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obad036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human activities are rapidly changing ecosystems around the world. These changes have widespread implications for the preservation of biodiversity, agricultural productivity, prevalence of zoonotic diseases, and sociopolitical conflict. To understand and improve the predictive capacity for these and other biological phenomena, some scientists are now relying on observatory networks, which are often composed of systems of sensors, teams of field researchers, and databases of abiotic and biotic measurements across multiple temporal and spatial scales. One well-known example is NEON, the US-based National Ecological Observatory Network. Although NEON and similar networks have informed studies of population, community, and ecosystem ecology for years, they have been minimally used by organismal biologists. NEON provides organismal biologists, in particular those interested in NEON's focal taxa, with an unprecedented opportunity to study phenomena such as range expansions, disease epidemics, invasive species colonization, macrophysiology, and other biological processes that fundamentally involve organismal variation. Here, we use NEON as an exemplar of the promise of observatory networks for understanding the causes and consequences of morphological, behavioral, molecular, and physiological variation among individual organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"obad036"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10586040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49690360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low Antioxidant Glutathione Levels Lead to Longer Telomeres: A Sex-Specific Link to Longevity?","authors":"A A Romero-Haro, J Figuerola, C Alonso-Alvarez","doi":"10.1093/iob/obad034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obad034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences at the end of chromosomes that protect them from degradation. They have been the focus of intense research because short telomeres would predict accelerated ageing and reduced longevity in vertebrates. Oxidative stress is considered a physiological driver of the telomere shortening and, consequently, short lifespan. Among molecules fighting against oxidative stress, glutathione is involved in many antioxidant pathways. Literature supports that oxidative stress may trigger a compensatory \"hormetic\" response increasing glutathione levels and telomere length. Here, we tested the link between total glutathione concentration and telomere length in captive birds (zebra finches; <i>Taeniopygia guttata</i>). Total glutathione levels were experimentally decreased during birds' growth using a specific inhibitor of glutathione synthesis (buthionine sulfoximine; BSO). We monitored the birds' reproductive performance in an outdoor aviary during the first month of life, and their longevity for almost 9 years. Among control individuals, erythrocyte glutathione levels during development positively predicted erythrocyte telomere length in adulthood. However, BSO-treated females, but not males, showed longer telomeres than control females in adulthood. This counterintuitive finding suggests that females mounted a compensatory response. Such compensation agrees with precedent findings in the same population where the BSO treatment increased growth and adult body mass in females but not males. BSO did not influence longevity or reproductive output in any sex. However, early glutathione levels and adult telomere length interactively predicted longevity only among control females. Those females with \"naturally\" low (non-manipulated) glutathione levels at the nestling age but capable of producing longer telomeres in adulthood seem to live longer. The results suggest that the capability to mount a hormetic response triggered by low early glutathione levels can improve fitness via telomere length. Overall, the results may indicate a sex-specific link between glutathione and telomere values. Telomerase activity and sexual steroids (estrogens) are good candidates to explain the sex-biased mechanism underlying the early-life impact of oxidative stress on adult telomere length.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"obad034"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10519275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41133740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interspecific Variation in the Inner Ear Maculae of Sharks.","authors":"Derek J Sauer, Kara E Yopak, Craig A Radford","doi":"10.1093/iob/obad031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obad031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is well-documented diversity in the organization of inner ear hair cells in fishes; this variation is thought to reflect the differing functional requirements of species across a range of ecological niches. However, relatively little is known about interspecific variation (and its potential ecological implications) in the number and density of inner ear hair cells in elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays). In this study, we quantified inner ear hair cells in the saccule, lagena, utricle, and macula neglecta of 9 taxonomically and ecologically distinct shark species. Using phylogenetically informed comparative approaches, sharks that feed in the water column had significantly greater hair cell density and total number of hair cells in the lagena and macula neglecta (i.e., vertically oriented maculae) compared to species that feed primarily on the seafloor. In addition, sharks within Carcharhinidae seemingly possess a specialized macula neglecta compared to other shark species. Overall, findings suggest that, similar to bony fishes, there is considerable variation in hair cell organization of shark inner ears, which may be tied to variation in ecology and/or specialized behaviors between different species.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"obad031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10506894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41118045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How to Survive a (Juvenile) Piranha Attack: An Integrative Approach to Evaluating Predator Performance.","authors":"A Lowe, M A Kolmann, E W M Paig-Tran","doi":"10.1093/iob/obad032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obad032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Figures: </strong>Cory cat panel figureDrawing of bite force measuring equipment and indentation rig <i>Pygocentrus nattereri</i> jaw muscle morphology and skull anatomyBox plot grid of number of <i>Pygocentrus nattereri</i> bites before puncture along different body regions of <i>Corydoras trilineatus</i> during feeding trials resultsDrawing of color-coded <i>Corydoras trilineatus</i> with attack frequencies and average bites until puncture by <i>Pygocentrus nattereri</i>Box plot of average voluntary juvenile <i>Pygocentrus nattereri</i> bite forces to standard lengthPanel of linear ordinary least-squares regressions of <i>Pygocentrus nattereri</i> bite force to adductor mandibulae mass, standard length, and body massOrdinary least-squares regressions of voluntary bites to restrained bites of <i>Pygocentrus nattereri</i>Panel of indentation tests for intact and removed <i>Corydoras trilineatus</i> scutesPanel of indentation tests for <i>Corydoras trilineatus</i> body region.</p><p><strong>Synopsis: </strong>There is an evolutionary arms race between predators and prey. In aquatic environments, predatory fishes often use sharp teeth, powerful bites, and/or streamlined bodies to help capture their prey quickly and efficiently. Conversely, prey are often equipped with antipredator adaptations including: scaly armor, sharp spines, and/or toxic secretions. This study focused on the predator-prey interactions between the armored threestripe cory catfish (<i>Corydoras trilineatus</i>) and juvenile red-bellied piranha (<i>Pygocentrus nattereri</i>). Specifically, we investigated how resistant cory catfish armor is to a range of natural and theoretical piranha bite forces and how often this protection translated to survival from predator attacks by <i>Corydoras</i>. We measured the bite force and jaw functional morphology of <i>P. nattereri</i>, the puncture resistance of defensive scutes in <i>C. trilineatus</i>, and the <i>in situ</i> predatory interactions between the two. The adductor mandibulae muscle in juvenile <i>P. nattereri</i> is robust and delivers an average bite force of 1.03 N and maximum bite force of 9.71 N, yet its prey, <i>C. trilineatus</i>, survived 37% of confirmed bites without any damage. The <i>C. trilineatus</i> armor withstood an average of nine bites before puncture by <i>P. nattereri</i>. Predation was successful only when piranhas bit unarmored areas of the body, at the opercular opening and at the caudal peduncle. This study used an integrative approach to understand the outcomes of predator-prey interactions by evaluating the link between morphology and feeding behavior. We found that juvenile <i>P. nattereri</i> rarely used a maximal bite force and displayed a net predation success rate on par with other adult vertebrates. Conversely, <i>C. trilineatus</i> successfully avoided predation by orienting predator attacks toward their resilient, axial armor and behavioral strategies that reduced the predator's abilit","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"obad032"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10561132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41199832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"XROMM Analysis of Feeding Mechanics in Toads: Interactions of the Tongue, Hyoid, and Pectoral Girdle","authors":"R. Keeffe, R. Blob, D. Blackburn, C. Mayerl","doi":"10.1093/iob/obac045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obac045","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis During feeding in many terrestrial vertebrates, the tongue acts in concert with the hyoid and pectoral girdle. In frogs, these three elements are interconnected by musculature. While the feeding mechanics of the anuran tongue are well-studied, little is known of how the motions of the tongue relate to the movements of the skeleton or how buccal structures move following closure of the mouth. Although features such as the pectoral girdle and hyoid are not externally visible in frogs, their motions can be tracked in X-ray video. We used XROMM (X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology) techniques to track the 3D movements of the tongue, hyoid apparatus, pectoral girdle, skull, and jaw during the feeding cycle of the cane toad, Rhinella marina. We show how the movements of these elements are integrated during tongue protrusion and prey capture, as well as during prey transport, swallowing, and recovery. Our findings suggest that the hyoid apparatus is important both for prey manipulation and swallowing. The tongue consistently stretches posterior to the skull during swallowing, often more than it stretches during protrusion to reach the prey. Feeding kinematics are similar between individuals, and the kinematics of unsuccessful strikes generally resemble those of successful strikes. Our data also provide a new perspective on the potential role of the pectoral girdle, an element with a predominant locomotor function, during feeding events. This work raises new questions about the evolution of feeding in frogs, as well as how the diversity of pectoral and buccal anatomy observed across anurans may influence feeding kinematics.","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47751971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Hunt, C. Buck, S. Ferguson, A. Fernandez Ajó, M. Heide‐Jørgensen, C. Matthews
{"title":"Male Bowhead Whale Reproductive Histories Inferred from Baleen Testosterone and Stable Isotopes","authors":"K. Hunt, C. Buck, S. Ferguson, A. Fernandez Ajó, M. Heide‐Jørgensen, C. Matthews","doi":"10.1093/iob/obac014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obac014","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis Male mammals of seasonally reproducing species typically have annual testosterone (T) cycles, with T usually peaking during the breeding season, but occurrence of such cycles in male mysticete whales has been difficult to confirm. Baleen, a keratinized filter-feeding apparatus of mysticetes, incorporates hormones as it grows, such that a single baleen plate can record years of endocrine history with sufficient temporal resolution to discern seasonal patterns. We analyzed patterns of T every 2 cm across the full length of baleen plates from nine male bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) to investigate occurrence and regularity of T cycles and potential inferences about timing of breeding season, sexual maturation, and reproductive senescence. Baleen specimens ranged from 181–330 cm in length, representing an estimated 11 years (smallest whale) to 22 years (largest whale) of continuous baleen growth, as indicated by annual cycles in stable isotopes. All baleen specimens contained regularly spaced areas of high T content (T peaks) confirmed by time series analysis to be cyclic, with periods matching annual stable isotope cycles of the same individuals. In 8 of the 9 whales, T peaks preceded putative summer isotope peaks by a mean of 2.8 months, suggesting a mating season in late winter / early spring. The only exception to this pattern was the smallest and youngest male, which had T peaks synchronous with isotope peaks. This smallest, youngest whale also did not have T peaks in the first half of the plate, suggesting initiation of T cycling during the period of baleen growth. Linear mixed effect models suggest that whale age influences T concentrations, with the two largest and oldest males exhibiting a dramatic decline in T peak concentration across the period of baleen growth. Overall, these patterns are consistent with onset of sexual maturity in younger males and possible reproductive senescence in older males. We conclude that adult male bowheads undergo annual T cycles, and that analyses of T in baleen may enable investigation of reproductive seasonality, timing of the breeding season, and life history of male whales.","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42670685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Designing a Seasonal Acclimation Study Presents Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"R. Huey, Lauren B. Buckley","doi":"10.1093/iob/obac016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obac016","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis Organisms living in seasonal environments often adjust physiological capacities and sensitivities in response to (or in anticipation of) environment shifts. Such physiological and morphological adjustments (“acclimation” and related terms) inspire opportunities to explore the mechanistic bases underlying these adjustments, to detect cues inducing adjustments, and to elucidate their ecological and evolutionary consequences. Seasonal adjustments (“seasonal acclimation”) can be detected either by measuring physiological capacities and sensitivities of organisms retrieved directly from nature (or outdoor enclosures) in different seasons or less directly by rearing and measuring organisms maintained in the laboratory under conditions that attempt to mimic or track natural ones. But mimicking natural conditions in the laboratory is challenging—doing so requires prior natural-history knowledge of ecologically relevant body temperature cycles, photoperiods, food rations, social environments, among other variables. We argue that traditional laboratory-based conditions usually fail to approximate natural seasonal conditions (temperature, photoperiod, food, “lockdown”). Consequently, whether the resulting acclimation shifts correctly approximate those in nature is uncertain, and sometimes is dubious. We argue that background natural history information provides opportunities to design acclimation protocols that are not only more ecologically relevant, but also serve as templates for testing the validity of traditional protocols. Finally, we suggest several best practices to help enhance ecological realism.","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45676431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Serial Homology and Segment Identity in the Arthropod Head","authors":"O. Lev, G. Edgecombe, A. Chipman","doi":"10.1093/iob/obac015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obac015","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis The anterior-most unit of the crown-group arthropod body plan includes three segments, the pre-gnathal segments, that contain three neuromeres that together comprise the brain. Recent work on the development of this anterior region has shown that its three units exhibit many developmental differences to the more posterior segments, to the extent that they should not be considered serial homologs. Building on this revised understanding of the development of the pre-gnathal segments, we suggest a novel scenario for arthropod head evolution. We posit an expansion of an ancestral single-segmented head at the transition from Radiodonta to Deuteropoda in the arthropod stem group. The expanded head subdivided into three segmental units, each maintaining some of the structures of the ancestral head. This scenario is consistent with what we know of head evolution from the fossil record and helps reconcile some of the debates about early arthropod evolution.","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43391208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. J. Mekdara, S. Tirmizi, M. A. B. Schwalbe, E. Tytell
{"title":"Comparison of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Cobalt Chloride for Ablation of the Lateral Line System in Giant Danios","authors":"P. J. Mekdara, S. Tirmizi, M. A. B. Schwalbe, E. Tytell","doi":"10.1093/iob/obac012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obac012","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis The mechanoreceptive lateral line system in fish is composed of neuromasts containing hair cells, which can be temporarily ablated by aminoglycoside antibiotics and heavy metal ions. These chemicals have been used for some time in studies exploring the functional role of the lateral line system in many fish species. However, little information on the relative effectiveness and rate of action of these chemicals for ablation is available. In particular, aminoglycoside antibiotics are thought to affect canal neuromasts, which sit in bony or trunk canals, differently from superficial neuromasts, which sit directly on the skin. This assumed ablation pattern has not been fully quantified for commonly used lateral line ablation agents. This study provides a detailed characterization of the effects of two aminoglycoside antibiotics, streptomycin sulfate and neomycin sulfate, and a heavy metal salt, cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2), on the ablation of hair cells in canal and superficial neuromasts in the giant danio (Devario aequipinnatus) lateral line system, as a model for adult teleost fishes. We also quantified the regeneration of hair cells after ablation using CoCl2 and gentamycin sulfate to verify the time course to full recovery, and whether the ablation method affects the recovery time. Using a fluorescence stain, 4-Di-2-ASP, we verified the effectiveness of each chemical by counting the number of fluorescing canal and superficial neuromasts present throughout the time course of ablation and regeneration of hair cells. We found that streptomycin and neomycin were comparably effective at ablating all neuromasts in less than 12 h using a 250 μM dosage and in less than 8 h using a 500 μM dosage. The 500 μM dosage of either streptomycin or neomycin can ablate hair cells in superficial neuromasts within 2–4 h, while leaving those in canal neuromasts mostly intact. CoCl2 (0.1 mM) worked the fastest, ablating all of the hair cells in less than 6 h. Complete regeneration of the neuromasts in the lateral line system took 7 days regardless of chemicals used to ablate the hair cells. This study adds to the growing knowledge in hearing research about how effective specific chemicals are at ablating hair cells in the acoustic system of vertebrates.","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48662431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}