Integrative Organismal Biology最新文献

{"title":"Screening H3 Histone Acetylation in a Wild Bird, the House Sparrow (<i>Passer Domesticus</i>).","authors":"D Ray, E L Sheldon, C Zimmer, L B Martin, A W Schrey","doi":"10.1093/iob/obae004","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obae004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epigenetic mechanisms are increasingly understood to have major impacts across ecology. However, one molecular epigenetic mechanism, DNA methylation, currently dominates the literature. A second mechanism, histone modification, is likely important to ecologically relevant phenotypes and thus warrants investigation, especially because molecular interplay between methylation and histone acetylation can strongly affect gene expression. There are a limited number of histone acetylation studies on non-model organisms, yet those that exist show that it can impact gene expression and phenotypic plasticity. Wild birds provide an excellent system to investigate histone acetylation, as free-living individuals must rapidly adjust to environmental change. Here, we screen histone acetylation in the house sparrow (<i>Passer domesticus</i>); we studied this species because DNA methylation was important in the spread of this bird globally. This species has one of the broadest geographic distributions in the world, and part of this success is related to the way that it uses methylation to regulate its gene expression. Here, we verify that a commercially available assay that was developed for mammals can be used in house sparrows. We detected high variance in histone acetylation among individuals in both liver and spleen tissue. Further, house sparrows with higher epigenetic potential in the <i>Toll Like Receptor-4 (TLR-4</i>) promoter (i.e., CpG content) had higher histone acetylation in liver. Also, there was a negative correlation between histone acetylation in spleen and <i>TLR-4</i> expression. In addition to validating a method for measuring histone acetylation in wild songbirds, this study also shows that histone acetylation is related to epigenetic potential and gene expression, adding a new study option for ecological epigenetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"6 1","pages":"obae004"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10956398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140184401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Androgen Receptors in the Dermal Glands of Male and Female Ouachita Dusky Salamanders.","authors":"A M Gunelson, M A Tuong, N L Staub","doi":"10.1093/iob/obae001","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obae001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of androgens in female development is an important, yet often overlooked, topic. We tested for the presence of androgen receptors (ARs) in the dermal glands of male and female <i>Desmognathus brimleyorum</i>, a plethodontid salamander. This species engages in a courtship behavior called the tail-straddling walk. During this process, communication between males and females is hypothesized to be facilitated by pheromones secreted from modified granular glands (MGGs) on the dorsal tail base, where the female's chin is positioned. These glands are present not only dorsally but also laterally and ventrally on the tail of both males and females. Using immunohistochemistry with a polyclonal antibody, ARs were located in the MGGs of both sexes. Males had a higher percentage of immunopositive cells per MGG than females. The presence of ARs in both sexes highlights the similarity between MGGs in males and females and suggests androgens play a role in female gland function. Furthermore, our results suggest courtship communication is bidirectional, and females have a more active role, signaling the male, than previously described.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"6 1","pages":"obae001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex and State-Dependent Effects on Proactive Behaviors of Bent-Wing Bats Across Contexts","authors":"Y-J Kuo, Y-F Lee, Y-M Kuo, Y. L. Tai","doi":"10.1093/iob/obad041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obad041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Animals within a population may show distinct behavioral types that differ consistently among individuals over time and across contexts, collectively known as animal personality. Individual state variables arising from intrinsic features of organisms and their interactions with the environment may contribute to or aid in maintaining these interindividual behavioral differences. The present study examined the effects of the body mass, body condition, flight morphology, and parasite load on the personality traits of bent-wing bats Miniopterus fuliginosus. We assessed the bats in three testing contexts, hole-board box (HB), tunnel-box (TB), and flight-tent (FT), that mimicked their natural environmental settings and allowed for different locomotion modes. A PCA analysis loaded the three mutually positively correlated personality traits of the bats, boldness, activity, and exploration, in each context onto a single component of proactiveness. In accordance with the AIC criteria, the sex, body mass, body condition index (BCI), and wingtip shape were selected as predictors for the proactiveness of the bats in the TB and FT tests. In the HB tests, the biomass and abundances of parasitic bat flies were additionally selected but body condition was excluded. We found a negative effect of the body mass on the proactiveness of the female bats in both the HB and FT tests, and that on the proactiveness of the male bats in the HB tests but not so in the FT tests. The sexual differences and negative correlation between the body mass of the bats and their proactive responsiveness are consistent with the mechanism of state-dependent energy assimilation efficiency. Our results may also concur with the predicted feedback mechanism stemming from the characteristic conditions associated with the environment of the bats. This latter inference offers insights for exploring the patterns of personality traits along gradients or seasonality of ecological conditions.","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Evolutionary Patterns of Modularity in the Linkage Systems of the Skull in Wrasses and Parrotfish.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/iob/obad040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obad040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/iob/obad035.].</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"obad040"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10723849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138794287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaped by Their Environment: Variation in Blue Whale Morphology across Three Productive Coastal Ecosystems.","authors":"D R Barlow, K C Bierlich, W K Oestreich, G Chiang, J W Durban, J A Goldbogen, D W Johnston, M S Leslie, M J Moore, J P Ryan, L G Torres","doi":"10.1093/iob/obad039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obad039","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Species ecology and life history patterns are often reflected in animal morphology. Blue whales are globally distributed, with distinct populations that feed in different productive coastal regions worldwide. Thus, they provide an opportunity to investigate how regional ecosystem characteristics may drive morphological differences within a species. Here, we compare physical and biological oceanography of three different blue whale foraging grounds: (1) Monterey Bay, California, USA; (2) the South Taranaki Bight (STB), Aotearoa New Zealand; and (3) the Corcovado Gulf, Chile. Additionally, we compare the morphology of blue whales from these regions using unoccupied aircraft imagery. Monterey Bay and the Corcovado Gulf are seasonally productive and support the migratory life history strategy of the Eastern North Pacific (ENP) and Chilean blue whale populations, respectively. In contrast, the New Zealand blue whale population remains in the less productive STB year-round. All three populations were indistinguishable in total body length. However, New Zealand blue whales were in significantly higher body condition despite lower regional productivity, potentially attributable to their non-migratory strategy that facilitates lower risk of spatiotemporal misalignment with more consistently available foraging opportunities. Alternatively, the migratory strategy of the ENP and Chilean populations may be successful when their presence on the foraging grounds temporally aligns with abundant prey availability. We document differences in skull and fluke morphology between populations, which may relate to different feeding behaviors adapted to region-specific prey and habitat characteristics. These morphological features may represent a trade-off between maneuverability for prey capture and efficient long-distance migration. As oceanographic patterns shift relative to long-term means under climate change, these blue whale populations may show different vulnerabilities due to differences in migratory phenology and feeding behavior between regions. &lt;b&gt;Spanish abstract&lt;/b&gt; La ecología y patrones de historia de vida de las especies a menudo se reflejan en la morfología animal. Las ballenas azules están distribuidas globalmente, con poblaciones separadas que se alimentan en diferentes regiones costeras productivas de todo el mundo. Por lo tanto, brindan la oportunidad de investigar cómo las características regionales de los ecosistemas pueden impulsar diferencias morfológicas dentro de una especie. Aquí, comparamos la oceanografía física y biológica de tres zonas de alimentación diferentes de la ballena azul: (1) Bahía de Monterey, California, EE. UU., (2) Bahía del sur de Taranaki (BST), Nueva Zelanda, y (3) Golfo de Corcovado, Chile. Adicionalmente, comparamos la morfología de las ballenas azules de estas regiones utilizando imágenes de aeronaves no tripuladas. La Bahía de Monterey y el Golfo de Corcovado son estacionalmente productivos y apoyan la estrategi","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"obad039"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10701340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138794288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Genetic And Epigenetic Diversity Across A Range Expansion in The White-Footed Mouse (<i>Peromyscus Leucopus</i>).","authors":"T L Rubi, J R do Prado, L L Knowles, B Dantzer","doi":"10.1093/iob/obad038","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obad038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Populations at the leading front of a range expansion must rapidly adapt to novel conditions. Increased epigenetic diversity has been hypothesized to facilitate adaptation and population persistence via non-genetic phenotypic variation, especially if there is reduced genetic diversity when populations expand (i.e., epigenetic diversity compensates for low genetic diversity). In this study, we use the spatial distribution of genetic and epigenetic diversity to test this hypothesis in populations of the white-footed mouse (<i>Peromyscus leucopus</i>) sampled across a purported recent range expansion gradient. We found mixed support for the epigenetic compensation hypothesis and a lack of support for expectations for expansion populations of mice at the range edge, which likely reflects a complex history of expansion in white-footed mice in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Specifically, epigenetic diversity was not increased in the population at the purported edge of the range expansion in comparison to the other expansion populations. However, input from an additional ancestral source populations may have increased genetic diversity at this range edge population, counteracting the expected genetic consequences of expansion, as well as reducing the benefit of increased epigenetic diversity at the range edge. Future work will expand the focal populations to include expansion areas with a single founding lineage to test for the robustness of a general trend that supports the hypothesized compensation of reduced genetic diversity by epigenetic variation observed in the expansion population that was founded from a single historical source.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"obad038"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71521318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Organisms Using Ecological Observatory Networks.","authors":"B Dantzer,&nbsp;K E Mabry,&nbsp;J R Bernhardt,&nbsp;R M Cox,&nbsp;C D Francis,&nbsp;C K Ghalambor,&nbsp;K L Hoke,&nbsp;S Jha,&nbsp;E Ketterson,&nbsp;N A Levis,&nbsp;K M McCain,&nbsp;G L Patricelli,&nbsp;S H Paull,&nbsp;N Pinter-Wollman,&nbsp;R J Safran,&nbsp;T S Schwartz,&nbsp;H L Throop,&nbsp;L Zaman,&nbsp;L B Martin","doi":"10.1093/iob/obad036","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obad036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human activities are rapidly changing ecosystems around the world. These changes have widespread implications for the preservation of biodiversity, agricultural productivity, prevalence of zoonotic diseases, and sociopolitical conflict. To understand and improve the predictive capacity for these and other biological phenomena, some scientists are now relying on observatory networks, which are often composed of systems of sensors, teams of field researchers, and databases of abiotic and biotic measurements across multiple temporal and spatial scales. One well-known example is NEON, the US-based National Ecological Observatory Network. Although NEON and similar networks have informed studies of population, community, and ecosystem ecology for years, they have been minimally used by organismal biologists. NEON provides organismal biologists, in particular those interested in NEON's focal taxa, with an unprecedented opportunity to study phenomena such as range expansions, disease epidemics, invasive species colonization, macrophysiology, and other biological processes that fundamentally involve organismal variation. Here, we use NEON as an exemplar of the promise of observatory networks for understanding the causes and consequences of morphological, behavioral, molecular, and physiological variation among individual organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"obad036"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10586040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49690360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Antioxidant Glutathione Levels Lead to Longer Telomeres: A Sex-Specific Link to Longevity?","authors":"A A Romero-Haro,&nbsp;J Figuerola,&nbsp;C Alonso-Alvarez","doi":"10.1093/iob/obad034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obad034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences at the end of chromosomes that protect them from degradation. They have been the focus of intense research because short telomeres would predict accelerated ageing and reduced longevity in vertebrates. Oxidative stress is considered a physiological driver of the telomere shortening and, consequently, short lifespan. Among molecules fighting against oxidative stress, glutathione is involved in many antioxidant pathways. Literature supports that oxidative stress may trigger a compensatory \"hormetic\" response increasing glutathione levels and telomere length. Here, we tested the link between total glutathione concentration and telomere length in captive birds (zebra finches; <i>Taeniopygia guttata</i>). Total glutathione levels were experimentally decreased during birds' growth using a specific inhibitor of glutathione synthesis (buthionine sulfoximine; BSO). We monitored the birds' reproductive performance in an outdoor aviary during the first month of life, and their longevity for almost 9 years. Among control individuals, erythrocyte glutathione levels during development positively predicted erythrocyte telomere length in adulthood. However, BSO-treated females, but not males, showed longer telomeres than control females in adulthood. This counterintuitive finding suggests that females mounted a compensatory response. Such compensation agrees with precedent findings in the same population where the BSO treatment increased growth and adult body mass in females but not males. BSO did not influence longevity or reproductive output in any sex. However, early glutathione levels and adult telomere length interactively predicted longevity only among control females. Those females with \"naturally\" low (non-manipulated) glutathione levels at the nestling age but capable of producing longer telomeres in adulthood seem to live longer. The results suggest that the capability to mount a hormetic response triggered by low early glutathione levels can improve fitness via telomere length. Overall, the results may indicate a sex-specific link between glutathione and telomere values. Telomerase activity and sexual steroids (estrogens) are good candidates to explain the sex-biased mechanism underlying the early-life impact of oxidative stress on adult telomere length.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"obad034"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10519275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41133740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interspecific Variation in the Inner Ear Maculae of Sharks.","authors":"Derek J Sauer,&nbsp;Kara E Yopak,&nbsp;Craig A Radford","doi":"10.1093/iob/obad031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obad031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is well-documented diversity in the organization of inner ear hair cells in fishes; this variation is thought to reflect the differing functional requirements of species across a range of ecological niches. However, relatively little is known about interspecific variation (and its potential ecological implications) in the number and density of inner ear hair cells in elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays). In this study, we quantified inner ear hair cells in the saccule, lagena, utricle, and macula neglecta of 9 taxonomically and ecologically distinct shark species. Using phylogenetically informed comparative approaches, sharks that feed in the water column had significantly greater hair cell density and total number of hair cells in the lagena and macula neglecta (i.e., vertically oriented maculae) compared to species that feed primarily on the seafloor. In addition, sharks within Carcharhinidae seemingly possess a specialized macula neglecta compared to other shark species. Overall, findings suggest that, similar to bony fishes, there is considerable variation in hair cell organization of shark inner ears, which may be tied to variation in ecology and/or specialized behaviors between different species.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"obad031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10506894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41118045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Survive a (Juvenile) Piranha Attack: An Integrative Approach to Evaluating Predator Performance.","authors":"A Lowe,&nbsp;M A Kolmann,&nbsp;E W M Paig-Tran","doi":"10.1093/iob/obad032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obad032","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Figures: &lt;/strong&gt;Cory cat panel figureDrawing of bite force measuring equipment and indentation rig &lt;i&gt;Pygocentrus nattereri&lt;/i&gt; jaw muscle morphology and skull anatomyBox plot grid of number of &lt;i&gt;Pygocentrus nattereri&lt;/i&gt; bites before puncture along different body regions of &lt;i&gt;Corydoras trilineatus&lt;/i&gt; during feeding trials resultsDrawing of color-coded &lt;i&gt;Corydoras trilineatus&lt;/i&gt; with attack frequencies and average bites until puncture by &lt;i&gt;Pygocentrus nattereri&lt;/i&gt;Box plot of average voluntary juvenile &lt;i&gt;Pygocentrus nattereri&lt;/i&gt; bite forces to standard lengthPanel of linear ordinary least-squares regressions of &lt;i&gt;Pygocentrus nattereri&lt;/i&gt; bite force to adductor mandibulae mass, standard length, and body massOrdinary least-squares regressions of voluntary bites to restrained bites of &lt;i&gt;Pygocentrus nattereri&lt;/i&gt;Panel of indentation tests for intact and removed &lt;i&gt;Corydoras trilineatus&lt;/i&gt; scutesPanel of indentation tests for &lt;i&gt;Corydoras trilineatus&lt;/i&gt; body region.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Synopsis: &lt;/strong&gt;There is an evolutionary arms race between predators and prey. In aquatic environments, predatory fishes often use sharp teeth, powerful bites, and/or streamlined bodies to help capture their prey quickly and efficiently. Conversely, prey are often equipped with antipredator adaptations including: scaly armor, sharp spines, and/or toxic secretions. This study focused on the predator-prey interactions between the armored threestripe cory catfish (&lt;i&gt;Corydoras trilineatus&lt;/i&gt;) and juvenile red-bellied piranha (&lt;i&gt;Pygocentrus nattereri&lt;/i&gt;). Specifically, we investigated how resistant cory catfish armor is to a range of natural and theoretical piranha bite forces and how often this protection translated to survival from predator attacks by &lt;i&gt;Corydoras&lt;/i&gt;. We measured the bite force and jaw functional morphology of &lt;i&gt;P. nattereri&lt;/i&gt;, the puncture resistance of defensive scutes in &lt;i&gt;C. trilineatus&lt;/i&gt;, and the &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; predatory interactions between the two. The adductor mandibulae muscle in juvenile &lt;i&gt;P. nattereri&lt;/i&gt; is robust and delivers an average bite force of 1.03 N and maximum bite force of 9.71 N, yet its prey, &lt;i&gt;C. trilineatus&lt;/i&gt;, survived 37% of confirmed bites without any damage. The &lt;i&gt;C. trilineatus&lt;/i&gt; armor withstood an average of nine bites before puncture by &lt;i&gt;P. nattereri&lt;/i&gt;. Predation was successful only when piranhas bit unarmored areas of the body, at the opercular opening and at the caudal peduncle. This study used an integrative approach to understand the outcomes of predator-prey interactions by evaluating the link between morphology and feeding behavior. We found that juvenile &lt;i&gt;P. nattereri&lt;/i&gt; rarely used a maximal bite force and displayed a net predation success rate on par with other adult vertebrates. Conversely, &lt;i&gt;C. trilineatus&lt;/i&gt; successfully avoided predation by orienting predator attacks toward their resilient, axial armor and behavioral strategies that reduced the predator's abilit","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"obad032"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10561132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41199832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}