Integrative Organismal Biology最新文献

{"title":"Social Predation by a Nudibranch Mollusc.","authors":"K Otter, S Gamidova, P S Katz","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obaf017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Synopsis: </strong>Social predation is a common strategy used by predators to subdue and consume prey. Animals that use this strategy have diverse methods of finding each other, organizing behaviors, and capturing prey. There is wide variation in the extent to which these behaviors are coordinated and in the stability of individual roles. This study characterizes social predation by the nudibranch mollusc, <i>Berghia stephanieae</i>, which is a specialist predator that eats only the sea anemone, <i>Exaiptasia diaphana</i>. A combination of experimental and modeling approaches established that <i>Berghia</i> consistently preys upon <i>E. diaphana</i> in groups, even when resources are abundant. However, this preference for social foraging does not appear to be a fixed personality trait, as individuals did not exhibit stable roles such as leader or follower. Instead, the population exhibited fission-fusion dynamics with temporary roles during predation. The extent of this social feeding was not altered by length of food deprivation, suggesting that animals are not shifting strategies based on hunger state. Furthermore, classic gastropod cues-such as slime trails, attraction to injured anemones, or preference for conspecifics feeding-did not facilitate group formation. Thus, <i>Berghia</i> provides an example of a specialist predator of dangerous prey that loosely organizes social feeding, independent of hunger state and fixed individual roles, while the mechanism of aggregation remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Significance statement: </strong>Social predation is an adaptive strategy that enables predators to subdue dangerous prey while minimizing injury. Many nudibranchs specialize to predate upon cnidarians, which pose unique challenges due to their potent defenses. Although nudibranchs are often characterized as solitary hunters, our study reveals that <i>Berghia stephanieae</i> exhibits social predation behaviors, forming temporary, fluid groups to feed on sea anemones. These groups lack stable social structures, with individuals adopting temporary roles such as joining or initiating feeding. Interestingly, we found no evidence that aggregation is driven by simple cues such as slime trails, conspecific activity, or prey injury, suggesting that group formation may depend on more complex or context-specific mechanisms. This work highlights the need for further research into the ecological and sensory factors underlying social predation in nudibranchs and other marine predators.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life History-Dependent Brain Transcriptomic Signatures in Nothobranchids: Insights into Aging, Neurogenesis, and Life History Evolution.","authors":"C J Leow, K R Piller","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obaf016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The African turquoise killifish <i>Nothobranchius furzeri</i> is a powerful model organism in aging research. Within the family Nothobranchiidae, a wide range of lifespan is observed in annual, semi-annual, and non-annual life histories. In this study, we examined the brain transcriptomic signatures of adult nothobranchids across life history variations. Our results show that the brain gene expression profiles exhibit strong life history signatures compared to the liver tissue. Semi-annual <i>Fundulopanchax</i> species shows upregulation in cell division and mitosis compared to non-annual <i>Aphyosemion</i> species. We identified genes related to neurogenesis such as <i>DNMT3A</i>, <i>SOX2</i>, and <i>FGF10</i> that show downregulation in the short-lived annual species compared to other life histories. The Notch signaling pathway is enriched in the non-annual species suggesting the importance of this pathway in longer-lived killifish. Our study demonstrates that other non-model nothobranchids can be used as comparative species to <i>N</i> <i>.</i>  <i>furzeri</i> in the study of aging, neurogenesis, and life history.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12015474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Thermal Gradient Experiments: Effects of Thermal Heterogeneity on Salamander Behavior.","authors":"J Laterza-Barbosa, R Rainha, A Flores-Guzman, A K Ting, J Chen, E A Riddell, M M Muñoz, C A Navas","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obaf015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermal gradient experiments are commonly used in studies of ectothermic organisms for a variety of scientific inquiries. Such gradient experiments, performed in the laboratory, are often used to infer the climatic preferences of animals in the absence of other variables. However, the ability to extrapolate laboratory results to the field is only as good as the accumulation of ecological data for that organism. When the variable quantified is interpreted as thermal \"preference,\" there are some assumptions that come with it, namely that the organism selects a particular preferred temperature by positive thermotaxis. Amphibians, as well as most ectotherms, tend to be thermoconformers, so conclusions from thermal gradient experiments carry different meanings than they do for organisms such as heliothermic ectotherms that maintain a narrow range of body temperatures in the lab and field. We tested whether and how the Eastern Red-backed Salamander (<i>Plethodon cinereus</i>) behaves when presented with a heterothermal gradient arena in comparison to a control (homothermal) arena. Salamanders in the control arena unambiguously moved toward either end of the arena, despite no variation in temperature being available. We found that salamanders did respond to a thermal gradient, but that their thermoregulatory behavior was limited to the avoidance of the hottest end of the gradient, and not a positive thermotaxis toward a specific temperature as assumed of a thermal \"preference.\" Our results encourage a broader consideration of how laboratory-measured behaviors relate to the predicted behaviors of organisms in natural settings, and a re-evaluation of the terminology used to describe movement behaviors in thermal gradients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Diffusion Diaries: Diffusible Iodine-Based Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography for Vertebrate Natural History Specimens.","authors":"J A Gray, E L Stanley, C M Sheehy, Z S Randall, G J Watkins-Colwell, D C Blackburn","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obaf014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced CT (diceCT) is commonly used to create three-dimensional (3D) representations of the soft tissue anatomy of preserved vertebrate specimens. While widely applied, there is currently no documentation of protocols that can be adapted to a morphological and taxonomically broad range of vertebrates. We present the most taxonomically and morphologically broad sampling of diceCT vertebrates, imaged for the openVertebrate Thematic Collections Network. Within this study, we document our methods, outcomes, and observations throughout the preparation, staining, scanning, and data processing steps. Larger specimens take a longer time to stain, but the final staining time depends on the taxon, whether there is dermal and/or bony armor present, and whether any internal structures (e.g., eggs, embryos, large fat deposits) require large amounts of iodine to become fully saturated. We established a scoring system for diceCT-imaged soft tissues that reflects the usefulness of the data. We also provide examples of datasets that demonstrate severe soft tissue damage, incomplete preservation, permanent specimen alteration, and understaining. Finally, we have made all the diceCT datasets produced here freely available to download via the data repository MorphoSource, and hope that our work can serve as a resource for scientists and the public to explore and study vertebrate anatomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical Specialization Acts as an Asymmetrical Constraint on the Phenotype.","authors":"M I Schelp, E D Burress","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obaf013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vertebrate jaws involve trade-offs between the transmission of velocity and force, which underlies their feeding performance and potentially their evolution. We investigate the velocity-force trade-off and its implications for adaptation of the anatomically complex fish jaw system among 89 species of percid fishes (Percidae). We test alternative hypotheses about how the trade-off may symmetrically or asymmetrically constrain jaw diversity. We find that the trade-off has a strong impact on the structural diversity of the jaws, indicating that specialization acts as a constraint on the phenotype. Force-modified jaws are compact with short snouts and a small oral cavity, while velocity-modified jaws are more robust with elongate snouts and a large oral cavity. The distribution of craniofacial diversity along the extremes is asymmetrical, as species with velocity-modified jaws are more phenotypically dissimilar than those with force-modified jaws. The rate of phenotypic evolution is also asymmetrical, as lineages with velocity- and force-modified jaws evolve slower and faster than unspecialized jaws, respectively. This discrepancy between phenotypic diversity and rate of evolution is explained by time to evolve, as force-modified jaws arose comparatively nearer the present. We expand recent literature linking trade-offs to asymmetrical macroevolutionary patterns, which may be an underappreciated cause of the uneven distribution of vertebrate diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12012895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasite Infections Influence Immunological Responses But Not Reproductive Success of Male Hellbender Salamanders (<i>Cryptobranchus alleganiensis</i>).","authors":"K L Slack, J Groffen, A K Davis, W A Hopkins","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obaf006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence and spread of infectious diseases is a significant contributor to global amphibian declines, requiring increased surveillance and research. We assessed host-vector-parasite dynamics using a population of eastern hellbender salamanders (<i>Cryptobranchus alleganiensis</i>) that harbor leeches (<i>Placobdella appalachiensis</i>) that transmit endoparasitic blood parasites (<i>Trypanosoma</i> spp) to the host, with coinfection frequently occurring. We centered our study on adult males throughout their extended 8-month paternal care period because recent research indicates that nest failure caused by lack of paternal care and filial cannibalism is contributing to hellbender population declines. Recognizing the potential for parasites to modulate host physiology and behavior, we explored how infection severity influences paternal health and reproductive success. We assessed white blood cell profiles of adult male hellbenders in response to parasites, coinfection, and seasonal temperature fluctuations, while also investigating whether parasite infection or coinfection was predictive of nest success. We found that hellbenders exhibited seasonal shifts in white blood cell indices; as temperatures increased across seasons (from 5°C to 20°C), the proportion of neutrophils and eosinophils decreased (by 14% and 46%, respectively) in circulation while the proportion of lymphocytes and basophils increased (by 8% and 101%, respectively). Moreover, the proportion of neutrophil precursors increased by 80% under colder temperatures, which signifies seasonal immune cell recruitment. We demonstrated that neutrophils and eosinophils increased while lymphocytes decreased in response to leech infection. However, as leech and trypanosome infection intensity increased together, the proportion of lymphocytes increased while neutrophils and eosinophils decreased, underscoring the complex interactions between coinfection and immune responses of hellbenders that warrant future research. Despite the influence of infection and coinfection on hellbender physiology, we detected no evidence to support the hypothesis that parasites influence the likelihood of nest failure or whole-clutch filial cannibalism. In light of amphibian declines being exacerbated by climate change and disease, our study emphasizes the need to establish hematological reference values that account for physiological adaptations to seasonal fluctuations in temperature and different life history stages and to study the physiological responses of imperiled amphibian species to parasites.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Vibration Amplitude in the Escape-Hatching Response of Red-Eyed Treefrog Embryos.","authors":"J Jung, M S Caldwell, J G McDaniel, K M Warkentin","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obaf012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The function and adaptive significance of defensive behaviors depend on the contexts in which they naturally occur. Amplitude properties of predator cues are widely used by prey to assess predation risk, yet rarely studied in the context of the stimuli relevant to defensive decisions in nature. Red-eyed treefrog embryos, <i>Agalychnis callidryas</i>, hatch precociously in response to attacks on their arboreal egg clutches by snakes and wasps. They use vibrations excited during attacks to detect predators, but wind and rainstorms also excite intense vibrations. Past work has demonstrated that to avoid costly decision errors, <i>A. callidryas</i> nonredundantly combine information from the temporal and frequency properties of clutch vibrations. Here, we demonstrate that embryos also use absolute amplitude and fine-scale amplitude modulation information to refine their hatching decision. We used vibration recordings to characterize the amplitude properties of the most common predator and benign-source disturbances to <i>A. callidryas</i> egg clutches in nature and tested whether embryos at 3 ages across the onset of mechanosensory-cued hatching (4-6 days) respond to amplitude variation during playback of synthetic vibrations to eggs. Older embryos responded to much lower-amplitude vibrations, reflecting a >88-fold decrease in response threshold from 4 to 5 days. To assess how embryos combine amplitude with other vibration properties, we played embryos recorded exemplars of snake attack and rain vibrations of varying amplitudes and patterns of amplitude modulation. The amplitude response curve was steeper for snake recordings than for rain. While amplitude information alone is insufficient to discriminate predator attack from benign-source vibrations, <i>A. callidryas</i> employ an impressively complex strategy combining absolute amplitude, amplitude modulation, temporal, and frequency information for their hatching decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Brief Introductory Guide to Nanoindentation for Comparative and Evolutionary Biologists, with a Case Study of Bone Material Property Diversity across Artiodactyl Skulls.","authors":"D S Adams, B L Boyce, D E Hooks, K W Garber, B Klitsner, S A Price, R Blob","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obaf010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantifying the material properties of hard biological materials can improve understanding of the relationships between form, function, and performance. This study illustrates the use of nanoindentation as a tool for evaluating material properties in a comparative biology framework. We provide a step-by-step guide for comparative and evolutionary biologists illustrating the collection and analysis of nanoindentation data from samples of artiodactyl skull bones. We assess the impact of methodological decisions on the output of nanoindentation tests. We also investigate whether evolutionary variations in skull bone properties are present between artiodactyl species that engage in intraspecific head-to-head combat and those that do not. Elastic modulus exhibited little variation among numbers of indents performed per test and per bone sample. The average elastic modulus was significantly lower when bones were hydrated with deionized water. The skulls of artiodactyls exhibited a gradient of elastic modulus values in which the anterior of the skull is less stiff than more posterior locations. Species involved in head-to-head combat showed little difference in elastic modulus values compared to non-combat species. This suggests that ecological factors influence the evolutionary diversity of bone material properties, rather than strictly phylogenetic constraints. In a phylogenetic context, nanoindentation reveals tetrapod bone heterogeneity and provides insights into the evolution of these traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf010"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change and Vector-Borne Disease Transmission: The Role of Insect Behavioral and Physiological Adaptations.","authors":"E Abbasi","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obaf011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change is profoundly reshaping the behavior, physiology, and distribution of insect vectors, with significant implications for vector-borne disease transmission. Rising temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events are driving behavioral adaptations such as altered host-seeking patterns, modified resting site preferences, and extended seasonal activity. Concurrently, vectors exhibit physiological plasticity, including enhanced thermal tolerance, desiccation resistance, and accelerated reproductive cycles, which contribute to increased survival and vector competence. This review synthesizes current research on climate-driven adaptations in major disease vectors, focusing on their epidemiological consequences and implications for public health interventions. A systematic literature review was conducted using major scientific databases to assess the impact of climate change on insect vector adaptation. Studies examining temperature-induced behavioral shifts, physiological modifications, and changes in vector competence were analyzed to identify emerging trends and knowledge gaps. Findings indicate that climate-driven vector adaptations are increasing the efficiency of disease transmission, enabling the geographic expansion of vector populations and prolonging transmission seasons. These changes challenge existing vector control strategies, necessitating innovative approaches such as genetic engineering, microbiome-based interventions, and climate-informed surveillance systems. Given the accelerating impact of climate change, there is an urgent need for adaptive, evidence-based control strategies to mitigate the growing threat of vector-borne diseases and enhance global health resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory nerve-secreted factors regulate basal keratinocyte function <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"A Srivastava, A Noble, S L Payne","doi":"10.1093/iob/obaf009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obaf009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Basal keratinocytes in the skin epidermis respond to microenvironmental signals during homeostatic maintenance of the skin and following injury by proliferating, migrating, and differentiating to restore the epidermal barrier. Injuries to the skin can result in non-healing wounds, characterized by prolonged inflammation, failure to close, and chronic pain. The skin is densely innervated by peripheral sensory nerves, which contribute to the wound repair response. Although it is known that nerves are important for successful wound healing, the underlying cellular mechanisms of this phenomenon, and particularly the role of nerves in directing keratinocyte re-epithelialization, are poorly understood. To explore the relationship between sensory nerves and keratinocyte function <i>in vitro</i>, we cultured keratinocytes with conditioned media collected from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in both homeostatic and post-wounding conditions and found that keratinocyte migration, proliferation, and phenotype, functions essential for re-epithelialization, were modulated by DRG conditioned media. Using a proteomic approach, we characterized the secretome of cultured DRG and identified key factors essential for wound healing, including extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, and metabolic factors involved with ATP production, which was correlated with alternations in keratinocyte metabolism when cultured in DRG conditioned medium. Our results advance our understanding of the microenvironmental cues that direct keratinocyte function during normal cellular turnover and cutaneous wound healing <i>in vitro</i>, helping to drive the development of therapeutics that target dysregulated re-epithelialization.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"obaf009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}