Integrative Organismal Biology最新文献

{"title":"The Evolutionary History and Morphological Divergence of Corallivorous Fishes on Coral Reefs.","authors":"I Marrable, N Peoples, M A Kolmann, J M Huie, W F Figueira","doi":"10.1093/iob/obag032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obag032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Specialized ecological niches can represent evolutionary traps that increase extinction risk when environments change. The consumption of coral tissue, mucus, and skeleton is a rare feeding niche despite the abundance of coral on reefs, which raises questions about the evolutionary consequences of this dietary specialization. In this study, we used phylogenetic comparative methods, micro-CT scanning, and scanning electron microscopy to explore the evolutionary history of corallivory across reef fishes and compare feeding morphology across species within a major clade of corallivorous species (Chaetodontidae) that vary in their coral consumption. We show that obligate corallivory has evolved independently at least 17 times but is an evolutionary \"dead end\" for most reef fish species. Early origination of facultative corallivory may have contributed to the success of butterflyfishes, the predominant clade of coral-feeding fishes, as they diversified in competitive reef environments. Obligate and facultative butterflyfish species differ primarily in dental morphology while overall cranial traits are largely similar between groups. Coral feeding requires continuous foraging with narrow energetic margins, and climate-driven disturbances occur markedly faster than evolutionary transitions away from corallivory. This temporal mismatch between change at ecological and evolutionary timescales subjects corallivorous fishes to heightened vulnerability as climate-driven disturbances increase in frequency and severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":"obag032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148712327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ceratotrichia Diameter and Packing Density on Chimaera Pectoral Fin Kinematics.","authors":"D W G Kennedy, K C Hall, C M Donatelli, K N Lucas","doi":"10.1093/iob/obag046","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obag046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chimaeras-a group of cartilaginous fishes-swim using a distinctive locomotory mode, termed flapping flight. Dorsoventral oscillation of the flexible pectoral fins is driven by muscles at the base of the fin. This motion induces an undulatory wave which travels from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the fin. It is thought that this undulatory wave is passively induced, and hence, the kinematic waveform is largely influenced by the fin's structure. Recent work focusing on bony fishes and models of their fins has shown that fin models with internal structure (fin rays) show different kinematic waveforms than models made of a single material, but our understanding of which structural parameters of fin rays are most influential on kinematics is still developing. Our goal was to understand the significance of internal structure for the swimming kinematics of chimaeras. We designed a physical modeling system based on the kinematic patterns of real chimaeras and examined artificial fins of varying fin ray diameter and packing density to investigate how internal anatomy influences pectoral fin tip amplitude, leading-edge curvature, and undulatory waves. As diameter and packing density increased, fin tip amplitude and leading-edge curvature decreased. Diameter had a much larger effect on fin tip amplitude than packing density over the tested ranges. Surprisingly, undulatory wave speed was greatest in the most flexible fin models rather than the stiffest. Empirical evidence and the mathematical equations stating that wave speed increases with stiffness run counter to this last result, suggesting our findings align with a more nuanced relationship between fin stiffness and wave kinematics described by a mathematical fluid flow model. Our work provides new insights into the anatomical parameters that could influence the evolution of chimaera flapping flight and pectoral fin locomotion more broadly and provides direction for possible biomimetic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":"obag046"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DataVersify: A Framework for Data Literacy Instruction Featuring Scientist Stories.","authors":"E H Schultheis, R S Bellard, R A Costello, C D K Graham, M K Kjelvik, A Thadi, C J Ballen","doi":"10.1093/iob/obag045","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obag045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing data literacy is a core goal of biology education, yet many students struggle to engage with scientific research and data. DataVersify is a resource designed to support data literacy while simultaneously humanizing science. These activities integrate two established programs, Data Nuggets and Project Biodiversify, to engage students in the work of scientists and introduce them to the people behind the research. Within each activity, students encounter a scientist profile, read about a study, explore and visualize a dataset, construct evidence-based explanations, and ask questions of their own. Here, we synthesize over a decade of resource development and large-scale, coordinated research efforts to share the effective features of DataVersify activities. We found that pairing data literacy activities with humanizing details about a scientist's life in and out of science increases students' ability to relate to scientists and engage with course materials. We present six evidence-based recommendations for using DataVersify, including emphasize authenticity, pair data with scientist stories, and highlight a variety of contemporary scientist role models. Together, our work demonstrates how integrating authentic data experiences with scientist stories can support student outcomes in data literacy and biology education.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":"obag045"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ontogenetic Change in Performance: Do Innovations Constrain Performance in Gobiid Fishes?","authors":"H L Schoenfuss, K M Diamond, R Lagarde, R W Blob","doi":"10.1093/iob/obag044","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obag044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent innovations in a species may expand opportunities to obtain new resources or previously inaccessible habitats. Over time, the novel behavior may diversify in response to an adaptive landscape or become canalized by convergent selective pressures into a narrowed performance window. Selective pressures also change across life stages, which may further enhance diversification or constrain performance. To test these alternative hypotheses, we compared ontogenetic changes in the performance of a novel locomotor behavior-waterfall-climbing-across five amphidromous species of gobiid fishes from the Pacific, Caribbean, and Indian Oceans. Two species climb waterfalls using an inching motion, a derived functional innovation that alternates movements of pelvic and oral suckers. The remaining species climb waterfalls using short \"powerbursts\" of swimming, followed by long rest periods in which the pelvic sucker is attached to the waterfall substrate. Among adults, net climbing speed (including rest) was similar across the three powerburst species and one inching species, but a derived, faster speed was observed in one inching taxon, suggesting greater functional diversity in the younger innovation. However, kinematic data indicate that similar performance levels can be achieved through multiple functional pathways. Moreover, patterns of functional diversity across species observed in juveniles do not track neatly into adulthood, highlighting the range of potential influences that can shape the trajectory of ontogenetic change in function.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":"obag044"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13494557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148792261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Specific Yolk Allocation Revisited: A Test in Starlings and a Review of Evidence in Birds.","authors":"S Casquero, A A Romero-Haro, D Gil, L Pérez-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1093/iob/obag042","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obag042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal effects play a key role in shaping offspring phenotype variation in birds, particularly through the allocation of different substances into the egg yolk. Among these, androgens and antioxidants are essential for early development. These compounds may exert sex-specific effects, as male and female offspring often differ in their development even from very early phases of their ontogeny. It has been therefore hypothesized that females might strategically allocate different amounts of these yolk compounds depending on the sex of the embryo. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an observational study in a wild population of spotless starlings (<i>Sturnus unicolor</i>), measured yolk concentrations of androgens (testosterone and androstenedione) and antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin A, and carotenoids) in freshly laid eggs, and molecularly sexed the embryos from those eggs. We found no evidence that embryo sex influenced the concentration of any yolk compound. These results suggest that sex-specific allocation is constrained, possibly due to mechanistic limitations, such as the tight temporal overlap between oocyte meiosis (when embryonic sex is determined) and yolk formation. We also conducted a systematic literature review of studies that tested the association between embryo sex and yolk androgens and/or antioxidants in birds. Most studies (73%) did not report any significant effect. Among those that did, effects were often context-dependent or potentially biased by the effect of embryonic metabolism due to late sampling after laying. Overall, we found no robust evidence supporting differential maternal allocation of these yolk compounds based on embryo sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":"obag042"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13539270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Head of the Curve: Bonnethead Shark (<i>Sphyrna tiburo</i>) Cephalofoil Morphology and Trophic Ecology.","authors":"K Liu, J R Graham, H Ro, S L Kim, T R Wiley, J M Gardiner, L J Baker, C Macdonald","doi":"10.1093/iob/obag024","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obag024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Notable characteristics of bonnethead sharks (<i>Sphyrna tiburo</i>) include an omnivorous diet and sexual dimorphism in cephalofoil morphology, with males exhibiting a more prominent tip at the anterior of their snout, which one study hypothesized develops with sexual maturity. However, it is not known if this characteristic is prevalent in all bonnethead subpopulations, nor whether it is consistent across their range. The potential ecological or physiological function (mating, feeding, swimming energetics) of this difference is also unknown. In this study, cephalofoil morphology was assessed by sex and maturity for bonnethead sharks in Biscayne Bay and Tampa Bay, Florida. Additionally, muscle biopsies were analyzed for stable isotope composition to explore potential associations with diet. Sharks were caught between May 2022 and May 2023 via longline (Biscayne) and gillnet (Tampa). Body measurements and dorsal and ventral photographs of the head were taken as part of a scientific workup and sharks were promptly released. Images were analyzed in ImageJ to determine a best-fit parabolic curve; comparisons of cephalofoil curvature were based on the absolute \"a\" coefficient from the parabolic curve equation y = ax² + bx + c via ANOVA and PERMANOVA. Shape coordinates were also analyzed with a Procrustes ANCOVA to test for differences among groups while controlling for covariates. In both Biscayne Bay and Tampa Bay, males and females had significantly different head shapes, but, contrary to previous hypotheses, the cephalofoils of both sexes became rounder at maturity. There was greater rounding in female cephalofoils than male, and females experienced greater changes in cephalofoil shape as they matured. Diet, as examined through δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of muscle biopsies, showed isotopically distinct food webs with differing ontogenetic dietary patterns between Biscayne Bay and Tampa Bay following ANOVA and ANCOVA tests, but was not correlated to bonnetheads' cephalic sexual dimorphism. From this result, we hypothesize that younger and smaller bonnethead sharks of both sexes may benefit from the pointed cephalofoil for enhanced swimming performance, and that larger adult females may outgrow these benefits through development of physical characteristics, including larger body sizes necessary for reproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":"obag024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13402022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148591617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-occurring Agamid Lizards Vary in Thermal Vulnerability Despite Similar Climatic Exposure.","authors":"A Ben, M Razak, M Thaker","doi":"10.1093/iob/obag041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obag041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global warming increasingly exposes ectotherms to temperatures near or beyond their physiological limits, threatening survival and persistence. Vulnerability of species to rising temperatures is shaped by multiple factors, including the thermal environments they experience, their physiological tolerances, and the temperature dependence of key performance traits. Here, we investigated the thermal ecology and climate vulnerability of two co-occurring tropical agamid lizards from semi-arid Southern India: the arboreal generalist <i>Calotes versicolor</i> and the saxicolous specialist <i>Psammophilus dorsalis</i>. For both species, we measured microenvironmental temperatures using physical copper models in open and shaded microhabitats, and quantified field-active body temperatures (Tb), as well as measured preferred temperature range (Tpref), critical thermal limits (CTmin and CTmax), and determined thermal performance curves for sprint speed and bite force. Thermal vulnerability indices (thermoregulatory accuracy, habitat thermal quality based on physical models, effectiveness of thermoregulation, warming tolerance, and thermal safety margins) were calculated and we projected future performance declines under IPCC Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5). Although both species experienced similar microhabitat temperatures, they differed in thermoregulatory strategies and vulnerability. The widely distributed <i>C. versicolor</i> had a wider Tpref range, higher CTmax, lower CTmin, and broader thermal tolerance range. This species also had greater thermoregulatory effectiveness in open microhabitats, lower deviations from preferred temperatures, and more favorable habitat thermal quality. In contrast, <i>P. dorsalis</i> displayed narrower Tpref range, lower CTmax, higher CTmin, narrower thermal tolerance, and reduced thermoregulatory accuracy and effectiveness. As a consequence, <i>P. dorsalis</i> was operating closer to its upper thermal limits and experiencing reduced warming tolerance. Sprint speed had higher thermal optima and narrower performance breadths than bite force in both species, rendering locomotion more sensitive to warming. Projections indicated minimal impacts on both sprint speed and bite force, even under high-emission scenarios. Nevertheless, for the saxicolous <i>P. dorsalis</i>, narrow warming tolerances and thermal safety margins, suggest potential vulnerability through other ecological and physiological axes. Our findings reveal that closely related co-occurring lizards can occupy different thermal niches and face unequal climate risks despite shared ambient conditions. Species differences in microhabitat specialization, rather than exposure alone, emerges as a key driver of thermal vulnerability, underscoring its critical role in shaping resilience to ongoing climate warming.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":" ","pages":"obag041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7619449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Tagmatized Echinoderm.","authors":"R L Turner","doi":"10.1093/iob/obag040","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obag040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tagmosis is a derived condition of metamerism in annelids, arthropods, and chordates in which groups of adjacent segments are modified to perform specific functions. Examples are the clitellum of earthworms, the carapace of lobsters, and the sacrum of tetrapods, to mention a few. The argument is advanced here that examples of tagmosis are not hard to find among echinoderms, a fourth major group of metameric animals; but the degree of tagmosis is weak in most cases. The first few segments of the axial skeleton are often conjoined as a perioral tagma (e.g., the jaws and other parts of the oral frame of asteroids and ophiuroids and the lantern supports of echinoids). Several segments beyond the oral frame unite the disc with the base of the arm in ophiuroids. Crinoid pinnules occur in groups along the arms as oral, genital, and feeding pinnules. Porcellanasterid seastars have cribriform organs along the marginal ossicles on the base of the arm for generation of respiratory currents. Well-developed podial pores and podia are restricted to basal segments of the ophiuroid genus <i>Ophiomusium</i>. Ambulacral plates of most post-Paleozoic echinoids occur in clusters that result in arcs of variable numbers of pore pairs and spine tubercles, giving rise to several non-cidaroid tagmatized patterns. The strongest degree of tagmosis occurs in the bilaterally symmetrical echinoids, with petals, phyllodes, plastrons, and frontal ambulacra; and tagmosis differs among the axes. Tagmosis is absent in extant holothuroids, bodies of which are almost entirely composed of extra-axial elements. Tagmosis occurs in the oral regions of many extinct echinoderm classes, and the ambulacra are tagmatized in some, particularly in blastozoan classes and those with branched ambulacra.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":"obag040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13416744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148619796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Student-Generated Questions as Opportunities for Sensemaking in Undergraduate Biology.","authors":"S Dabholkar, S Benjamin, Y Wang, J Svoboda","doi":"10.1093/iob/obag039","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obag039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research in science education highlights the value of sensemaking-the process of identifying gaps in understanding and constructing explanations to fill them-for student learning and engagement. Yet college students often perceive undergraduate biology classrooms as prioritizing correct answers over their own questions and ideas. In this paper, we argue that eliciting students' questions about what they find confusing can create opportunities for them to engage in creative and critical thinking to make sense of biological phenomena. We illustrate this conceptual argument with examples drawn from three interviews with college students about evolutionary biology. We show how framing interviews around students' questions led to productive biological sensemaking and conclude by discussing implications for how biology instructors might foster a sensemaking approach in their classrooms.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":"obag039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13438076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical Atlas and Three-Dimensional Musculoskeletal Model of the Flight Apparatus in the Southern Screamer (Anseriformes: <i>Chauna torquata</i>).","authors":"Klara Widrig, Aiden Starry, Helen F James","doi":"10.1093/iob/obag038","DOIUrl":"10.1093/iob/obag038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The three bird species within the family Anhimidae (screamers) are of great interest to the big picture of avian evolution due to both their phylogenetic position and their unusual combination of features. As screamers are early diverging members of Anseriformes (waterfowl), which itself is an early diverging clade within the extant bird radiation, their anatomy may help shed light on that of the common ancestor of both Anseriformes and crown-group birds as a whole. To reveal new information about the wing anatomy of anhimids, we generated a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the flight apparatus of the extant Southern Screamer (<i>Chauna torquata</i>) using diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT). We found that the wing muscle anatomy of <i>Chauna</i> reflects the soaring flight style employed by anhimids, as opposed to the rapid continuous wingbeats used by most other anseriforms. In <i>Chauna</i>, this manifests as a more distal insertion of the pectoralis muscle on the humerus to facilitate slower, stronger wingbeats, and a reduction in the length of antebrachial muscle origins and insertions that serves to reduce the distal inertia of the wing. Our three-dimensional dataset represents a typical musculoskeletal system of a bird with strong flight capabilities. This, combined with our observation that most flight-related muscles in <i>Chauna</i> leave recognizable osteological correlates associated with their attachments to the skeleton, means that this work can help form a basis for future comparative studies of the avian musculoskeletal system, with implications for reconstructing the flight apparatus of fossil birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":13666,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Organismal Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":"obag038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13448347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148689100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}