Inhalation Toxicology最新文献

Fragrance inhalation toxicity assessment: a proactive testing strategy using ex vivo precision cut lung slices (PCLuS) for the prioritization of selected aroma ingredients candidates for in vivo testing. 香味吸入毒性评估：一种主动测试策略，使用离体精确切割肺片（PCLuS）对选定的香气候选成分进行体内测试的优先级。

IF 2 4区医学

Inhalation Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2025.2566446

Tizia Thoma, Olga Lemke, Lan Ma-Hock, Lars Hareng, Markus Wahl

{"title":"Fragrance inhalation toxicity assessment: a proactive testing strategy using ex vivo precision cut lung slices (PCLuS) for the prioritization of selected aroma ingredients candidates for in vivo testing.","authors":"Tizia Thoma, Olga Lemke, Lan Ma-Hock, Lars Hareng, Markus Wahl","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2025.2566446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2025.2566446","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To date, exposure thresholds for fragrance chemicals are most often extrapolated from oral administration data. Due to limited inhalation toxicity data, the potentially high exposure levels toward fragrances - especially in air care applications - are sometimes perceived as potentially critical. Herein, we assessed the potential inhalation toxicity of various commonly used fragrances with main focus on respiratory tract effects.Methods: 19 high volume fragrances were screened for their cytotoxic potential by using rat precision cut lung slices (PCLuS). Based on the screening data, chemicals were categorized into low, mid, and high cytotoxicity groups. From these groups, five fragrances were selected for further in vivo investigation. In a 14-day inhalation study, male 7-week old Wistar rats were exposed to geraniol, geranyl acetate, citral, L-menthol, and p-tert-butyl-alpha-methylhydro-cinnamic aldehyde (BMHCA) to investigate the respiratory and sensory irritation potential.Results: Ex vivo screening allowed for a preliminary classification of the cytotoxic potential, facilitating the selection of candidates for in vivo inhalation assessments. Local respiratory irritation was observed for liquid aerosol fractions of citral and geraniol, but not for other substances or vapor only exposure. Overall, no systemic effects related to treatment were observed. Sensory irritation was only observed for citral and BMHCA but not for other fragrance chemicals.Discussion: While PCLuS and further model development could not fully replace animal testing at this stage, this study's findings contribute to the reduction and refinement according to 3 R principles and might serve as a foundation for future testing strategies aiming toward a complete replacement.","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A positive pressure system for selective human exposure to gas and particulate mixed atmospheres. 一种正压系统，供人类选择性地暴露于气体和颗粒混合大气中。

IF 2 4区医学

Inhalation Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2025.2565730

Jacob S Griffin, S Thorne Gregory, Thomas E Austin, Ingrid George, Joseph Martin, Lauren Slaber, Jon Berntsen, Steven E Prince, James M Samet

{"title":"A positive pressure system for selective human exposure to gas and particulate mixed atmospheres.","authors":"Jacob S Griffin, S Thorne Gregory, Thomas E Austin, Ingrid George, Joseph Martin, Lauren Slaber, Jon Berntsen, Steven E Prince, James M Samet","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2025.2565730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2025.2565730","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Exposure to air pollution containing particulates (PM) and gas-phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs), is a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality globally. Devising effective protective public health strategies requires an assessment of the relative contribution of PM and VOCs to the health effects of air pollution exposure.Methods: To enable studies of VOCs isolated from mixed atmospheres, we developed a positive air pressure exposure system that permits the subject to breathe unimpeded by the pressure drop imposed by filtering respirators. This system uses pumps to draw air through respirator filters and delivers it to a modified positive pressure respirator at a flow rate that exceeds the ventilatory requirements of the wearer, while preventing infiltration of the surrounding atmosphere.Results: Tests showed negligible leaks (<5% flow reduction) and minimal VOC losses (95% recovery) to the system. When tested using an atmosphere containing woodsmoke, PM filters showed effective exclusion of particulates but minimal losses of VOCs, while activated carbon based cartridges effectively removed gaseous compounds and PM. A team member exercising moderately in a woodsmoke atmosphere for 2-hours reported no perveivable odors and experienced no discomfort during an exposure using charcoal filter cartridges.Discussion: We report the development and validation of a novel human exposure system that allows selective exposure to the gaseous fraction of a mixed atmosphere. This system allows for moderate to vigorous exercise of the study subject and can be used in place of an exposure chamber, making it compatible with clinical and field studies.","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of single inhalation of hypochlorous acid on the activity of cysteine cathepsins in rat blood plasma. 单次吸入次氯酸对大鼠血浆半胱氨酸组织蛋白酶活性的影响。

IF 2 4区医学

Inhalation Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2025.2558569

Bohdan Murashevych, Olha Abraimova, Olha Netronina, Dmitry Girenko, Tetiana Herhel, Hanna Maslak

{"title":"Effect of single inhalation of hypochlorous acid on the activity of cysteine cathepsins in rat blood plasma.","authors":"Bohdan Murashevych, Olha Abraimova, Olha Netronina, Dmitry Girenko, Tetiana Herhel, Hanna Maslak","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2025.2558569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2025.2558569","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Gaseous hypochlorous acid HOCl(g) is a promising agent for continuous complex disinfection of premises, but the toxic effect of its inhalation has been practically not studied. In this study, the effect of inhalation of 0.75 and 1.79 ppm HOCl(g) on the activity of cysteine cathepsins B, H and L, and alpha-1 antitrypsin in the blood plasma of rats was studied to assess the extent of lysosome damage as an element of oxidative stress.Materials and methods: the inhalation exposure was carried out in the 'whole-body' mode during a single 4-hour treatment of animals of two age groups in inhalation chamber equipped with a specially designed evaporative unit. Biochemical parameters were analyzed 2 h and 24 h after the procedure.Results and discussion: it was found that the activity of cathepsin L did not change in any of the animal groups, while the activities of cathepsins B and H significantly increased. Inhalation had the greatest effect on cathepsin H, which increased by 1.6-6.4 times in different groups, and the reaction of young animals was more intense. Alpha-1 antitrypsin levels were also elevated both 2 and 24 h after exposure, but age-dependent differences were not significant. In all cases, an increase in the deviation of biochemical parameters from the norm was noted with an increase in the HOCl(g) concentration.Conclusions: HOCl(g) inhalation at the concentrations used causes pronounced oxidative stress in animals. More detailed biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical studies are needed to assess the toxic consequences of such exposure.","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145039892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Puffing topography: a tool to evaluate vaping behavior and exposure risks. 雾化地形：评估电子烟行为和暴露风险的工具。

IF 2 4区医学

Inhalation Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2025.2524728

Shaligram Sharma, Maureen Meister, Xiaojia He, Mark Wilson, Qian Zhang, Jin-Ah Park, Travis Goldsmith, Cristi Bell-Huff, Marilyn Black, Jonathan Shannahan, Christa Wright

{"title":"Puffing topography: a tool to evaluate vaping behavior and exposure risks.","authors":"Shaligram Sharma, Maureen Meister, Xiaojia He, Mark Wilson, Qian Zhang, Jin-Ah Park, Travis Goldsmith, Cristi Bell-Huff, Marilyn Black, Jonathan Shannahan, Christa Wright","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2025.2524728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2025.2524728","url":null,"abstract":"The ever-changing popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among both youth and adults in the United States has been influential in shaping users' perceptions and behaviors. This behavior driven ENDS usage is described as puffing topography (PT) which includes user's puff duration, flow rate, intra puff interval, the volume of e-liquid used and total number of puffs per session. These metrics are not only useful for characterizing individual vaping behaviors but are also critical for assessing the extent of exposure to potentially harmful substances such as nicotine, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter emitted during use. Previous studies have indicated that puff volume and flow rate are distinct but related parameters that determine exposure to hazardous emissions among users and bystanders. However, current evidence suggests that vaping behavior is also influenced by the age at which users first encounter ENDS, the strength of the nicotine present, and whether users develop circadian patterns of ENDS usage. This review article, which is a part of the Special Issue Science Education and Research on Vaping and Interventions for Community Engagement summarizes the critical aspects of PT and explores how various factors including lifestyle, gender, e-liquid composition (such as flavor and nicotine concentration), and device parameters can influence exposure risks. The standardization of puffing topography as a tool to evaluate vaping behavior and exposure risks to toxic emissions could be instrumental in developing consensus standards for ENDS and protecting public health.","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond the puff: health consequences of vaping. 吸烟之外：电子烟对健康的影响。

IF 2 4区医学

Inhalation Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2025.2500646

Maureen Meister, Xiaojia He, Alexandra Noël, Jin-Ah Park, Laura Crotty Alexander, Judith Zelikoff, David Christiani, Joseph Hess, Jonathan Shannahan, Christa Wright

{"title":"Beyond the puff: health consequences of vaping.","authors":"Maureen Meister, Xiaojia He, Alexandra Noël, Jin-Ah Park, Laura Crotty Alexander, Judith Zelikoff, David Christiani, Joseph Hess, Jonathan Shannahan, Christa Wright","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2025.2500646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2025.2500646","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) arrived on the U.S. market in 2007 and rapidly grew in popularity as a harm reduction tool for traditional cigarette users. While initially marketed as a healthier alternative to combustible cigarettes, the unique mixture of chemical constituents in ENDS products and their emissions have led to rising concern about their safety and the long-term health implications. Given the lack of long-term, epidemiological research on the health effects of these products, recent research has sought to understand the impacts on cellular components and gain understanding of acute effects to inform potential chronic health implications. Studies have demonstrated the deleterious effects the use of ENDS has on the oral cavity, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. ENDS use has been linked to gingival inflammation and alterations in the oral microbiome contributing to periodontal disease. Further, the presence of heavy metals and other constituents in ENDS emissions contribute to aberrant oxidative stress and inflammation within the lung, contributing to alterations in functional lung capacity and respiratory symptoms in ENDS users. In addition, harmful components of ENDS emissions make their way to the circulatory system, leading to detrimental impacts in cardiovascular functioning such as a rise in blood pressure, impaired vascular functioning, and increased heart rate, all of which are known to underscore long-term cardiovascular ailments. This review will provide an in-depth discussion of the current literature available on the consequences of ENDS use on the oral cavity, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems as well as provide insight into long-term implications that may result.","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sputum and nasal lavage lung-specific biomarkers in occupational exposure to nanomaterials; a mixed methods systematic review with meta-synthesis and meta-analysis. 纳米材料职业性暴露中的痰液和鼻灌洗肺特异性生物标志物荟萃综合和荟萃分析的混合方法系统综述。

IF 2 4区医学

Inhalation Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2025.2544713

Nafiseh Nasirzadeh, Jamal Biganeh, Erfan Khalatbari, Saman Mohammadpour, Soqrat Omari Shekaftik

{"title":"Sputum and nasal lavage lung-specific biomarkers in occupational exposure to nanomaterials; a mixed methods systematic review with meta-synthesis and meta-analysis.","authors":"Nafiseh Nasirzadeh, Jamal Biganeh, Erfan Khalatbari, Saman Mohammadpour, Soqrat Omari Shekaftik","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2025.2544713","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08958378.2025.2544713","url":null,"abstract":"The main route of occupational exposure to nanomaterials is inhalation. Sputum and nasal lavage are the most important biological samples to analyze lung-specific biomarkers in occupational exposure. So, the aim of this study is to conduct a mixed-method systematic review with meta-synthesis and meta-analysis for assessment of sputum and nasal lavage lung-specific biomarkers in occupational exposure to nanomaterials. This systematic review was conducted through the end of June 2025. Search was done using 'Biomarkers', 'Occupational exposure', 'Sputum', 'Nanomaterials' and 'Nasal Lavage' keywords on PubMed, Scopus and WOS. After the data extraction, qualitative data was used to draw a qualitative model. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (CMA) was used for meta-analysis and the pooled mean concentration of the biomarkers were calculated by the random effect model (REM). Thirty-three studies were primarily achieved, and six studies were finally analyzed. Pro-inflammatory, inflammatory, oxidative stress, cancer/fibrosis and cardiovascular biomarkers were the most important biomarkers investigated. Inflammatory biomarkers including IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α were involved better than other inflammatory biomarkers in nasal, in occupational exposure to nanomaterials. The pooled mean concentration of sputum inflammatory biomarkers interleukin including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL5, IL-6, IL-8 was estimated 404.76, 196.9, 156.47, 219.26, 33.98 and 2344.42 pg/mL, respectively. Moreover, concentration of Nasal lavage inflammatory biomarkers interleukin including IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were 1.438, 0.911 and 17.847 pg/mL, respectively. Due to a lack of information about OEL for nanomaterials, evaluating the occupational exposure to them through measuring the level of specific biomarkers, especially in the upper respiratory system, requires more studies.","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"241-255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144872971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Establishing a novel combustion generator system to simulate and study emissions from diverse applications. 建立一个新的燃烧发生器系统，模拟和研究各种应用的排放。

IF 2 4区医学

Inhalation Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2025.2531115

Anand Ranpara, William T Goldsmith, Thomas P Batchelor, Jingxin Wang, Robert Burns, Gary Casuccio, Kristin Bunker, Keith Rickabaugh, Mark Wilson, Timothy R Nurkiewicz

{"title":"Establishing a novel combustion generator system to simulate and study emissions from diverse applications.","authors":"Anand Ranpara, William T Goldsmith, Thomas P Batchelor, Jingxin Wang, Robert Burns, Gary Casuccio, Kristin Bunker, Keith Rickabaugh, Mark Wilson, Timothy R Nurkiewicz","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2025.2531115","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08958378.2025.2531115","url":null,"abstract":"Inhalation of emissions from combustion events such as military burn pits and wildland-urban interface fires result in exposures to complex aerosols that may cause adverse health effects. A surrogate combustion generator was created to study these events. A pellet stove was modified to burn diverse fuels comprised of materials found in burn pits (plastic, rubber, and wood). Jet fuel (JF) was added during combustion. The purpose of this project was to: 1) operate the generator over diverse parameters; and 2) characterize the resultant emissions. Pellet combustion (8 g/minute; range: 1-34) ± JF (0.2 mL/minute; range: 0-1) was conducted at fixed rates. Real-time and off-line aerosol characterizations (size distributions, concentrations, morphology) and chemical measures (total and speciation of volatiles, organics, elementals) with subsequent analytic methodology were performed. Pellet combustion produced an average particle concentration of 7.0e+6±1.1e+6 #/cc, and a total volatile organic compound concentration (TVOC) of 0.97+0.41 parts per million (PPM). The addition of JF accelerated the combustion process and increased the total particle counts to 4.5e+7±8.3e+6 #/cc, but decreased the TVOC to 0.63±0.26 ppm. Ultrafine particles were predominantly generated with similar count median diameters (<100 nm) and polydisperse distributions (GSD>1.5). Chemical speciation revealed potential human carcinogens (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde) and the addition of JF resulted in a >40-fold drop in organic carbon constituents. Adding plastic and rubber into the pellet mixture resulted in emissions containing 4% methyl-methacrylate and 10% methyl-isobutyl-ketones. Future experiments will assess diverse wood varieties, synthetic building constituents, and asses the biological effects that follow these inhalation exposures.","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"267-283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CREBBP stabilizes GNG3 protein through acetylation, thereby activating the NF-κB pathway and exacerbating airway inflammation in allergic rhinitis. CREBBP通过乙酰化稳定GNG3蛋白，从而激活NF-κB通路，加重变应性鼻炎气道炎症。

IF 2 4区医学

Inhalation Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2025.2528747

Meng Chen, Zhihui Yuan

{"title":"CREBBP stabilizes GNG3 protein through acetylation, thereby activating the NF-κB pathway and exacerbating airway inflammation in allergic rhinitis.","authors":"Meng Chen, Zhihui Yuan","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2025.2528747","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08958378.2025.2528747","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Allergic rhinitis (AR), an allergen-driven chronic inflammatory disorder of nasal mucosa, is characterized by airway inflammation as its cardinal pathological manifestation. While acetylation is known to regulate airway inflammation, its mechanistic involvement in AR-related inflammation remains elusive. This study aims to investigate the acetylation-dependent mechanisms governing airway inflammation in AR.Materials and methods: RNA-seq analysis identified differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood of AR patients and healthy controls. Ovalbumin-sensitized BALB/c mice were performed as the AR mouse model. Airway inflammation was assessed by measuring inflammatory cytokine levels, inflammatory cell numbers, macrophage counts in whole lung lavage fluid (WLLF), and specific IgE levels in plasma using ELISA and Diff-Quick staining. The underlying mechanism was investigated through Western blotting, immunoprecipitation (IP), and Co-IP.Results: GNG3 expression was significantly increased in AR patients and the AR mouse model. Knockdown of GNG3 significantly reduced airway inflammation and inhibited NF-κB pathway activation in the AR mouse model. CREBBP overexpression enhanced GNG3 protein stability, and CREBBP mRNA expression was significantly increased in patients with AR and positively correlated with GNG3 expression. Furthermore, GNG3 overexpression restored airway inflammation that was suppressed by CREBBP knockdown in the AR mouse model.Conclusion: These results demonstrate that CREBBP aggravated airway inflammation in AR by activating the NF-κB pathway via GNG3 upregulation mediated by GNG3 acetylation.","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"256-266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The immunological impact of traffic-related air pollution in an Iraqi population; a prospective cross-sectional study. 伊拉克人口中与交通有关的空气污染的免疫影响；前瞻性横断面研究。

IF 2 4区医学

Inhalation Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2025.2549544

Salih A Hama, Dunya H Bapir, Hawbash M Rahim, Gasha S Ahmed

{"title":"The immunological impact of traffic-related air pollution in an Iraqi population; a prospective cross-sectional study.","authors":"Salih A Hama, Dunya H Bapir, Hawbash M Rahim, Gasha S Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2025.2549544","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08958378.2025.2549544","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Iraqi automobiles use some of the poorest quality fuel in the world, characterized by extremely high sulfur content. In this study, we aim to investigate the immunological impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on individuals residing in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.Materials and methods: This prospective cross-sectional study (June 2021 and January 2022) assessed the immunological profile of 77 male participants in Sulaymaniyah Governorate who were grouped based on predefined exposure zones; High TRAP Group (n = 46) from urban areas with high exposure to TRAP and Low TRAP Group (n = 31) from rural areas with low exposure. An Aeroqual Series 500 monitor was used to estimate 24-hour arithmetic mean concentrations of PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 in the two exposure zones.Results and discussion: Age distribution was comparable between the groups. Participants of High TRAP Group had significantly lower total lymphocyte counts (1.09 ± 0.36 vs. 1.90 ± 0.41, p < 0.001), T-cell (601.41 ± 60.02 vs. 799.80 ± 56.04; p < 0.001), B-cell levels (113.05 ± 48.23 vs. 230.68 ± 57.90; p < 0.001), IgG (11.94 ± 2.52 vs. 13.35 ± 2.77; p = 0.024), and IgM levels (0.96 ± 0.40 vs. 1.4 ± 0.66, p < 0.001) compared to Low TRAP Group. No significant differences were found in total WBC, granulocytes, or IgA levels (p > 0.05). The presence of inflammatory diseases (mostly thyroiditis) was significantly more common among the individuals of High TRAP Group (13, 28.26% vs. 3, 9.68%; p = 0.048).Conclusion: Individuals with high exposure to TRAP are associated with significant reductions in lymphocyte count, IgM and IgG levels.","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"284-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling environmental inhalant exposure in rheumatoid arthritis. 类风湿关节炎环境吸入物暴露模拟。

IF 2 4区医学

Inhalation Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-24 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2025.2542555

Caroline de Ocampo, K Michael Pollard, Lisa M F Janssen

{"title":"Modeling environmental inhalant exposure in rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"Caroline de Ocampo, K Michael Pollard, Lisa M F Janssen","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2025.2542555","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08958378.2025.2542555","url":null,"abstract":"The mucosal origins hypothesis posits that environmental inhalant exposures, including cigarette smoke (CS) and crystalline silica (c-silica), trigger immune responses in the lung mucosa, an extra-articular site, which precede initiating events of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis in distant joints. Epidemiological data strongly associates these exposures with RA risk, especially in genetically susceptible individuals carrying HLA-DRB1 alleles, and with the production of autoantibodies such as anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF). However, establishing causality remains challenging due to unsynchronized exposure and disease onset and the lack of suitable animal models to study early disease events. This review synthesizes evidence linking inhalant exposures to RA, focusing on CS and c-silica, and evaluates experimental animal models used to investigate disease initiation and progression in the context of inhalant exposures. While models like collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) replicate joint pathology, they often fail to capture the lung-joint axis and gene-environment interactions critical for RA onset. We highlight the need for refined models with genetic susceptibility to subclinical autoimmunity to better mimic human RA, emphasizing the importance of standardized exposure protocols to address variability in outcomes. These advancements are crucial for elucidating mechanisms of inhalant exposure-induced RA and developing preventive strategies.","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"217-240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0