The empirical metric of mesothelial carcinogenicity for carbon nanotubes and elongate mineral particles.

Introduction: Carcinogenic potential of elongate particles depends on many characteristics, with dimensional parameters playing an important role at all stages of disease origination and progression. It is important to develop quantitative metrics of mesothelial carcinogenicity for particles in order to predict their behavior within biological systems. It would be especially valuable if such metrics could be developed for both carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and elongate mineral particles (EMPs) to demonstrate similarities and differences in the estimations of mesothelioma risk.

Methods: The database is organized with dimensional characteristics of EMPs, containing 570,950 records for 246 asbestiform, non-asbestiform, and mixed datasets. A database on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with various toxicological outcomes of animal experiments, including mesothelioma, was also created. Mathematical modeling was used to determine the best metric of mesotheliomagenicity that would work for CNTs and EMPs.

Results: The dimensional coefficient of carcinogenicity (DCC) was introduced with the formula DCC = 1-exp(-AxSA/(BxWidth³+C)), where SA - surface area of the elongate particle, Width - particle width, A, B, C - coefficients. It was demonstrated that DCC can efficiently determine mesotheliomagenic varieties of CNTs and EMPs, with a threshold for carcinogenic potential of 0.05 with A = 0.11, B = 1000, C = 1.

Discussion: The new quantitative metric of carcinogenicity can be used for the purposes of mineralogical evaluation and toxicological analysis. It was confirmed that DCC-based models predict negligible mesothelioma potency for non-asbestiform amphiboles.