Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Influenza Severity in Bhutan by Using WHO Framework Pandemic Influenza Severity Assessment (PISA): An Implementation Research Study","authors":"Tshering Dorji,&nbsp;Kunzang Dorji,&nbsp;Vishal Chettri,&nbsp;Sonam Gyeltshen,&nbsp;Holly Sadler","doi":"10.1111/irv.70095","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Influenza presents a significant global health challenge, with seasonal epidemics causing 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory deaths annually. In Bhutan, the highest rates of influenza-associated hospitalizations were observed among children under 5 years of age emphasizing the need for robust surveillance and preparedness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to assess influenza severity in Bhutan using the World Health Organization's (WHO) Pandemic Influenza Severity Assessment (PISA) framework. By integrating syndromic and influenza-specific data, we establish national-level baseline and threshold values for influenza activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The WHO Average Curve Method was employed to establish seasonal and intensity thresholds, categorizing influenza severity based on historical data from 2016 to 2019 and 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analysis of influenza activity revealed near-continuous activity with two annual peaks. Thresholds for epidemic, moderate, high, and extraordinary levels of transmissibility and morbidity were determined. The 2019 season exhibited the highest transmissibility and morbidity, with significant variability in intensity across different seasons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the PISA framework in assessing influenza severity in Bhutan. The established thresholds provide a valuable tool for public health decision-making, enhancing the country's preparedness for both seasonal and pandemic influenza. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining and adapting surveillance systems to monitor influenza activity year-round.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality Risk Among Patients With Influenza Illness Admitted to the ICU: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Pablo Suárez-Sánchez,&nbsp;Jara Majuelos-Melguizo,&nbsp;Marina Hinojosa-Campos,&nbsp;Bélène Podmore,&nbsp;Iain A. Gillespie,&nbsp;Jennifer Han,&nbsp;Rosa Sloot,&nbsp;Dina Christensen","doi":"10.1111/irv.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite vaccination programs and available treatments, seasonal influenza carries a large mortality burden, especially in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. Understanding the influenza mortality burden in ICU settings can inform treatment planning and resource allocation. Nonetheless, surveillance data on mortality in ICU-admitted patients are scarce and estimates vary greatly. This systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analysis investigated all-cause mortality risk among ICU-admitted patients with influenza in Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included observational studies conducted in Europe that reported mortality among patients ≥ 6 months of age with influenza admitted to the ICU. Studies published between January-2009 and December-2019 were included. Quality was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Pooled all-cause mortality risk was calculated as a proportion using a random-effects model with an inverse variance method. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted, including only studies identified as having low risk of bias.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-seven studies, reporting on 13,616 patients, were included. All-cause mortality ranged from 0% to 67%. The overall pooled mortality risk estimate was 0.24 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.27). Study heterogeneity was high (Cochran's Q test <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01, I² = 93%). The sensitivity analysis using only studies identified as having low risk of bias produced a pooled mortality risk of 0.25 (95%CI: 0.21, 0.29).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results indicate that approximately a quarter of patients with influenza admitted to the ICU die, reinforcing the need for effective vaccination programs and treatment optimization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network: A Multicountry Public Health Collaboration","authors":"Marta C. Nunes,&nbsp;Cecile Chauvel,&nbsp;Sonia M. Raboni,&nbsp;F. Xavier López-Labrador,&nbsp;Melissa K. Andrew,&nbsp;Nazish Badar,&nbsp;Vicky Baillie,&nbsp;Antonin Bal,&nbsp;Kedar Baral,&nbsp;Elsa Baumeister,&nbsp;Celina Boutros,&nbsp;Elena Burtseva,&nbsp;Daouda Coulibaly,&nbsp;Ben Cowling,&nbsp;Daria Danilenko,&nbsp;Ghassan Dbaibo,&nbsp;Gregory Destras,&nbsp;Ndongo Dia,&nbsp;Anca Cristina Drăgănescu,&nbsp;Heloisa I. G. Giamberardino,&nbsp;Doris Gomez-Camargo,&nbsp;Laurence Josset,&nbsp;Parvaiz A. Koul,&nbsp;Jan Kyncl,&nbsp;Victor Alberto Laguna-Torres,&nbsp;Odile Launay,&nbsp;Liem Binh Luong Nugyen,&nbsp;Shelly McNeil,&nbsp;Snežana Medić,&nbsp;Ainara Mira-Iglesias,&nbsp;Alla Mironenko,&nbsp;Aneta Nitsch-Osuch,&nbsp;Alejandro Orrico-Sánchez,&nbsp;Nancy A. Otieno,&nbsp;Hadrien Regue,&nbsp;Guillermo M. Ruiz-Palacios,&nbsp;Afif Ben Salah,&nbsp;Muhammad Salman,&nbsp;Oana Săndulescu,&nbsp;Viviana Simon,&nbsp;Anna Sominina,&nbsp;Emilia Sordillo,&nbsp;Mine Durusu Tanriover,&nbsp;Serhat Unal,&nbsp;Harm van Bakel,&nbsp;Philippe Vanhems,&nbsp;Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Catherine Commaille-Chapus,&nbsp;Camille Hunsinger,&nbsp;Joseph Bresee,&nbsp;Bruno Lina,&nbsp;John W. McCauley,&nbsp;Justin R. Ortiz,&nbsp;Cecile Viboud,&nbsp;Wenqing Zhang,&nbsp;Laurence Torcel-Pagnon,&nbsp;Cedric Mahe,&nbsp;Sandra S. Chaves","doi":"10.1111/irv.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Respiratory viruses represent a significant public health threat. There is the need for robust and coordinated surveillance to guide global health responses. Established in 2012, the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) addresses this need by collecting clinical and virological data on persons with acute respiratory illnesses across a network of hospitals worldwide. GIHSN utilizes a standardized patient enrolment and data collection protocol across its study sites. It leverages pre-existing national infrastructures and expert collaborations to facilitate comprehensive data collection. This includes demographic, clinical, epidemiological, and virologic data, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) for a subset of viruses. Sequencing data are shared in the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID). GIHSN uses financing and governance approaches centered around public–private partnerships. Over time, GIHSN has included more than 100 hospitals across 27 countries and enrolled more than 168,000 hospitalized patients, identifying 27,562 cases of influenza and 44,629 of other respiratory viruses. GIHSN has expanded beyond influenza to include other respiratory viruses, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. In November 2023, GIHSN strengthened its global impact through a memorandum of understanding with the World Health Organization, aimed at enhancing collaborative efforts and data sharing for improved health responses. GIHSN exemplifies the value of integrating scientific research with public health initiatives through global collaboration and public–private partnerships governance. Future efforts should enhance the scalability of such models and ensure their sustainability through continued public and private support.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic Study of Local Patterns Influenza A(H3N2) Virus Transmission in a Semi-Isolated Population in a Remote Island in Japan Between 2011 and 2013","authors":"Su Myat Han,&nbsp;Teiichiro Shiino,&nbsp;Shingo Masuda,&nbsp;Yuki Furuse,&nbsp;Takahiro Yasaka,&nbsp;Satoshi Kanda,&nbsp;Kazuhiri Komori,&nbsp;Nobuo Saito,&nbsp;Yoshiano Kubo,&nbsp;Chris Smith,&nbsp;Akira Endo,&nbsp;Alexis Robert,&nbsp;Marc Baguelin,&nbsp;Koya Ariyoshi","doi":"10.1111/irv.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Influenza A outbreak risk is impacted by the potential for importation and local transmission. Reconstructing transmission history with phylogenetic analysis of genetic sequences can help assess outbreak risk but relies on regular collection of genetic sequences. Few influenza genetic sequences are collected in Japan, which makes phylogenetic analysis challenging, especially in rural, remote settings. We generated influenza A genetic sequences from nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) samples collected using rapid influenza diagnostic tests and used them to analyze the transmission dynamics of influenza in a remote island in Japan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We generated 229 whole genome sequences of influenza A/H3N2 collected during 2011/12 and 2012/13 influenza seasons in Kamigoto Island, Japan, of which 178 sequences passed the quality check. We built time-resolved phylogenetic trees from hemagglutinin sequences to classify the circulating clades by comparing the Kamigoto sequences to global sequences. Spatiotemporal transmission patterns were then analyzed for the largest local clusters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a time-resolved phylogenetic tree, we showed that the sequences clustered in six independent transmission groups (1 in 2011/12, 5 in 2012/13). Sequences were closely related to strains from mainland Japan. All 2011/12 strains were identified as clade 3C.2 (<i>n</i> = 29), while 2012/13 strains fell into two clades: clade 3C.2 (<i>n</i> = 129) and 3C.3a (<i>n</i> = 20). Clusters reported in 2012/13 circulated simultaneously in the same regions. The spatiotemporal analysis of the largest cluster revealed that while the first sequences were reported in the busiest district of Kamigoto, the later sequences were scattered across the island.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Kamigoto Island was exposed to repeated importations of Influenza A(H3N2), mostly from mainland Japan, sometimes leading to local transmission and ultimately outbreaks. As independent groups of sequences overlapped in time and space, cases may be wrongly allocated to the same transmission group in the absence of genomic surveillance, thereby underestimating the risk of importations. Our analysis highlights how NPS could be used to better understand influenza transmission patterns in little-studied settings and improve influenza surveillance in Japan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of the XBB.1.5 COVID-19 Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalisation Among Adults Aged ≥ 65 Years During the BA.2.86/JN.1 Predominant Period, VEBIS Hospital Study, Europe, November 2023 to May 2024","authors":"Liliana Antunes,&nbsp;Madelyn Rojas-Castro,&nbsp;Marcos Lozano,&nbsp;Iván Martínez-Baz,&nbsp;Isabel Leroux-Roels,&nbsp;Maria-Louise Borg,&nbsp;Beatrix Oroszi,&nbsp;Margaret Fitzgerald,&nbsp;Ralf Dürrwald,&nbsp;Ligita Jancoriene,&nbsp;Ausenda Machado,&nbsp;Goranka Petrović,&nbsp;Mihaela Lazar,&nbsp;Lenka Součková,&nbsp;Sabrina Bacci,&nbsp;Jennifer Howard,&nbsp;Nuno Verdasca,&nbsp;Luca Basile,&nbsp;Jesús Castilla,&nbsp;Silke Ternest,&nbsp;Aušra Džiugytė,&nbsp;Gergő Túri,&nbsp;Roisin Duffy,&nbsp;Carolin Hackmann,&nbsp;Monika Kuliese,&nbsp;Verónica Gomez,&nbsp;Zvjezdana Lovrić Makarić,&nbsp;Alexandru Marin,&nbsp;Petr Husa,&nbsp;Nathalie Nicolay,&nbsp;Angela M. C. Rose,&nbsp;VEBIS SARI VE network team","doi":"10.1111/irv.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We estimated the effectiveness of the adapted monovalent XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccines against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 hospitalisation during the BA.2.86/JN.1 lineage-predominant period using a multicentre test-negative case–control study in Europe. We included older adults (≥ 65 years) hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infection from November 2023 to May 2024. Vaccine effectiveness was 46% at 14–59 days and 34% at 60–119 days, with no effect thereafter. The XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccines conferred protection against BA.2.86 lineage hospitalisation in the first 4 months post-vaccination.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurologic Complications of Influenza and Potential Protective Vaccine Effects","authors":"Ann R. Falsey","doi":"10.1111/irv.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Influenza is a common respiratory infection affecting persons of all ages and results in significant morbidity and mortality. Respiratory complications are well known, but important nonpulmonary complications are less well recognized. Neurologic complications following influenza infection may accompany the acute illness or may be chronic in nature. The acute complications such as seizures, encephalitis, myelitis and Guillain Barre Syndrome are well documented but fortunately are uncommon. However, stroke and dementia are leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and there is increasing evidence linking these devasting illnesses with influenza. In addition, influenza vaccine has been associated with protective effects against stroke and dementia risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza-Related Deaths in the Czech Republic Over 21 Seasons","authors":"Jan Kyncl,&nbsp;Marek Brabec,&nbsp;Marek Maly,&nbsp;Vojtech Simka,&nbsp;Ales Urban","doi":"10.1111/irv.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Influenza is a relatively serious infection that causes considerable morbidity and mortality. Epidemics of influenza are reported almost every year.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on the Czech national all-cause mortality and acute respiratory infection/influenza-like illness surveillance data for the 1999/2000 to 2019/2020 influenza seasons, excess deaths attributable to influenza were estimated using the threshold derived as 90th percentile of death counts during nonepidemic periods. Daily death counts broken by the 5-year age intervals were modelled via Poisson generalised additive model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The estimated total number of excess deaths from influenza during study period was 22,306. Thus, the mean total of excess deaths related to influenza per season was 1062 for the age group 40–94 years. The total number of excess deaths increased steadily with age from the 40–44 age group to the 85–89 age group, which accounted for the highest percentage of excess deaths (17%), followed closely by the 80–84 age group (16%). The age groups 40–44 years and 45–49 years contributed the least (3% each). More than three quarters of excess deaths occurred at age 65 and over (17,027 cases; 76%). Relative numbers of excess deaths per 100,000 population peaked in the oldest age groups of 85–89 and 90–94 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We estimate that at least 0.98% of all-cause mortality throughout the study period was attributable to influenza in the Czech Republic. This excess is not negligible, and public health actions in the field of influenza prevention are vitally needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential for Twice-Annual Influenza Vaccination to Reduce Disease Burden","authors":"Shuyi Zhong,&nbsp;Mark G. Thompson,&nbsp;Benjamin J. Cowling","doi":"10.1111/irv.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Influenza vaccination is recommended annually based on the evolving nature of influenza viruses and the waning of vaccine-induced immunity. The timing of vaccination is usually before the winter influenza season in most temperate locations, where the seasonality is clear and influenza activities on average last no longer than 6 months. However, many tropical and subtropical areas have year-round influenza activity and multiple epidemics within 1 year, against which annual influenza vaccination may not offer sufficient protection at the individual level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A twice-annual vaccination program could utilize standard inactivated influenza vaccines or enhanced influenza vaccines. Here, we discuss three reasons to consider twice-annual vaccination as a strategy to improve protection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The first, mentioned above, is that some locations experience prolonged or year-round influenza activity. The second reason is based on the observation that vaccine effectiveness significantly declines about 6 months after vaccination particularly for A(H3N2) strains, and therefore, vaccination twice a year might be beneficial to maintain a higher level of immunity in the second half of each year. The third reason is to allow for receipt of the most updated vaccine strains, given that these are updated twice each year by the World Health Organization. We also discuss three potential barriers or challenges. The first potential challenge is knowledge gaps, because there are very few existing studies that used twice-annual vaccination. The second potential barrier is a concern over whether more frequent vaccination would lead to reduced immunogenicity or reduced clinical protection in the longer term. The third relates to concerns about cost or feasibility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We discuss these issues and recommend comparative assessment of the incremental benefits and cost of twice-annual vaccination versus annual vaccination, as well as other vaccination strategies aiming to reduce influenza disease burden particularly in tropical and subtropical locations where there can be year-round influenza activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severity Scale of Influenza and Acute Respiratory Illness Hospitalizations to Support Viral Genomic Surveillance: A Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network Pilot Study","authors":"Bronke Boudewijns,&nbsp;Saverio Caini,&nbsp;Marco Del Riccio,&nbsp;Marta C. Nunes,&nbsp;Sandra S. Chaves,&nbsp;Melissa K. Andrew,&nbsp;Justin R. Ortiz,&nbsp;Oana Săndulescu,&nbsp;Joseph S. Bresee,&nbsp;Elena Burtseva,&nbsp;Daouda Coulibaly,&nbsp;Daria M. Danilenko,&nbsp;Kirill Stolyarov,&nbsp;Anca C. Drăgănescu,&nbsp;Mine Durusu Tanriover,&nbsp;Heloisa I. G. Giamberardino,&nbsp;Parvaiz A. Koul,&nbsp;F. Xavier Lopez-Labrador,&nbsp;Shelly A. McNeil,&nbsp;Ainara Mira-Iglesias,&nbsp;Alejandro Orrico-Sanchez,&nbsp;Nancy A. Otieno,&nbsp;Jorim Ayugi,&nbsp;Sonia M. Raboni,&nbsp;Peter Spreeuwenberg","doi":"10.1111/irv.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to establish a Severity Scale for influenza and other acute respiratory infections (ARI), requiring hospitalization, for surveillance and research purposes (the SevScale). Such a scale could aid the interpretation of data gathered from disparate settings. This could facilitate pooled analyses linking viral genetic sequencing data to clinical severity, bringing insights to inform influenza surveillance and the vaccine strain selection process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used a subset of data from the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network database, including data from different geographical areas and income levels. To quantify the underlying concept of severity, an item response model was developed using 16 indicators of severity related to the hospital stay. Each patient in the dataset was assigned a Severity Score and a Severity Category (low, medium, or high severity). Finally, we compared the model scores across different subgroups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 9 countries were included, covering between 4 and 11 seasons from 2012 to 2022, with a total of 96,190 ARI hospitalizations. Not for all severity indicators data were available for all included seasons. Subgroups with a high percentage of patients in the high Severity Category included influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, age ≥ 50, lower-middle income countries, and admission since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The initial model successfully highlighted severity disparities across patient subgroups. Repeating this exercise with new, more complete data would allow recalibration and validation of the current model. The SevScale proved to be a promising method to define severity for influenza vaccine strain selection, surveillance, and research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult Vaccine Coadministration Is Safe, Effective, and Acceptable: Results of a Survey of the Literature","authors":"Litjen Tan,&nbsp;L.J,&nbsp;Dana Trevas,&nbsp;Ann R. Falsey","doi":"10.1111/irv.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coadministration of vaccines in children is a long-standing practice that has proven to be safe and effective in improving the efficiency of vaccine administration, thereby increasing immunization coverage rates. As the number of vaccines routinely recommended for adults increases, and with limited opportunities for adults to have preventive health touchpoints with providers, adult vaccine coadministration should be considered as a routine practice to improve vaccination coverage rates and public health. A review of existing literature was conducted to examine the potential reactogenicity and impact on effectiveness when co-administering vaccines to adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medline was searched for research articles with the search term “influenza vaccine” or “vaccination,” combined with the search terms “simultaneous,” “concomitant,” “concurrent,” and “combination.” Another search of Medline was conducted on the search term “influenza vaccine” or “vaccination” combined with the following individual search terms: “RSV,” “COVID,” and “Tdap.” The references of extracted articles were also examined for potential other relevant articles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adult vaccine coadministration is safe for all the combinations we assessed. Most adverse events (AEs) were generally mild to moderate and of short duration. Some studies showed slightly more reactogenicity with coadministration but few or no serious AEs or safety signals. Nearly every study confirmed that coadministration had no significant effect on immune response for either vaccine. The benefits of vaccine coadministration outweigh the risks. It increases convenience for vaccinees, reduces the number of missed opportunities to vaccinate, and contributes to efficient use of healthcare resources.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}