Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses最新文献

{"title":"Anticoronavirus Isoquinoline Alkaloids: Unraveling the Secrets of Their Structure-Activity Relationship.","authors":"Marcela Safratova, Yu-Li Chen, Anna Hostalkova, Jakub Chlebek, Chung-Fan Hsieh, Bing-Hung Chen, Lucie Cahlikova, Stefan Kosturko, Anders Backlund, Jim-Tong Horng, Tsong-Long Hwang, Michal Korinek","doi":"10.1111/irv.70166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Natural alkaloids are a structurally diverse class of bioactive compounds with significant therapeutic potential. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antiviral activity of various natural alkaloids against coronaviruses, clarify molecular effects via bioassays and docking, and explore structure-activity relationships. Tested compounds included a wide variety of isoquinoline and Amaryllidaceae-type alkaloids.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Antiviral activity was assessed using HCoV-229E and pseudotyped lentivirus assays for different strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Cytotoxicity was evaluated with the WST-1 assay. AutoDock was used for molecular docking, online tools assessed drug-likeness, and ChemGPS-NP analyzed physicochemical properties correlated to antiviral clinical drugs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Several bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, especially from Berberis vulgaris L., and specific Amaryllidaceae alkaloids showed protective activity against HCoV-229E (EC₅₀ = 4.1-8.1 μM). Active compounds were further tested against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Aromoline (Compound 16) exhibited strong antiviral activity, inhibiting D614G, Delta, and Omicron variants in pseudovirus assays with IC₅₀ values of 0.47-0.66 μM. Other bis-benzylisoquinoline analogues showed moderate activity (IC₅₀ = 1.24-2.86 μM). Docking studies revealed aromoline's favorable interaction at the SARS-CoV-2 spike/ACE2 interface, forming hydrogen bonds with Gln493 and Ser494 (binding energy -5.34 kcal/mol). ChemGPS-NP analysis highlighted a distinct cluster of active bis-benzylisoquinolines (Compounds 16-19) in chemical space.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the antiviral potential of bis-benzylisoquinoline and Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, particularly aromoline. The findings support their relevance as scaffolds for developing novel anticoronavirus agents and advance the understanding of their structure-activity relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 10","pages":"e70166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sparse Evidence of Influenza C on US Dairy and Beef Cattle Farms","authors":"Francisco M. Guerra Jr,&nbsp;Emily M. Edgar,&nbsp;Judith U. Oguzie,&nbsp;Lyudmyla V. Marushchak,&nbsp;Morgan Pattillo,&nbsp;Gregory C. Gray","doi":"10.1111/irv.70167","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70167","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Recent investigations have demonstrated that influenza C (ICV) is associated with symptomatic bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and that seroprevalence in cattle can be as high as 27% [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Prior studies of US cattle in Northwestern and Western states from 2011 to 2014 showed a prevalence of 7.84% [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. More recently, from areas near North Dakota, the ICV prevalence among cattle decreased to 5.99% [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. In the present study of Southern US cattle, the ICV prevalence is found to be 0.2%, marking a significant shift. One positive ICV sample from a Texas bovine nasal specimen demonstrated a mixing event between human and bovine ICVs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Influenza viruses present significant public health and veterinary health concerns due to their genetic variability and potential for widespread transmission through animals and humans [&lt;span&gt;1, 3, 4&lt;/span&gt;]. Previously, ICV has primarily affected humans with sporadic spillover to swine and dogs [&lt;span&gt;5-7&lt;/span&gt;]. As humans, we are becoming more connected with farm animals through the food we eat, the people who work with or next to farm animals, and the proximity of farms to cities in the farm-to-table movement. These interactions increase the possibility of reservoirs for influenza in multiple species [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;]. The One Health concept has demonstrated the interconnected network of health between humans, animals, and the environment [&lt;span&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;]. Currently, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1, “bird flu,” is raging in wild birds and has jumped species to numerous domestic and wild mammals. As ICV is known to cause infections in humans and pigs, being on the forefront of an outbreak in cattle would well position public health practitioners to prepare for and prevent any potential human pandemics. Investigations of data from Japan from 2020 to 2023 show that ICV had an overall cattle seroprevalence of 27.0% [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. From 2010 to 2011, 2.32% of children under 10 years of age from 474 mixed human respiratory samples were found to have C/Kanagawa and C/Sao Paulo [&lt;span&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;]. In 2009, a novel &lt;i&gt;influenza A&lt;/i&gt; virus emerged after a reassortment of viruses from different sources including pigs, birds, and humans, which resulted in an influenza pandemic. There is little attention drawn to ICV due to its lower human pathogenicity and prevalence compared to influenza A or B [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;]. Consequently, there are no vaccines or effective antiviral treatments currently available for this type of influenza, despite the currently approved polymerase inhibitor baloxavir possessing some antiviral activity against ICV [&lt;span&gt;8, 11&lt;/span&gt;]. This study utilizes nasal swab samples collected by the UTMB One Health Team in three US states and one region in Mexico from 2024 to 2025 to estimate the current prevalence of ICV in cattle in North America.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this study, we conducted qRT-PCR assays on nasal swabs collected from cattle from dairy farms across three U","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Nirsevimab for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Prevention in Newborns of Hong Kong","authors":"Yingcheng Wang,&nbsp;Mingjun Rui,&nbsp;Qiran Wei,&nbsp;Ting Fan Leung,&nbsp;Joyce H. S. You","doi":"10.1111/irv.70153","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70153","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, was shown to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in newborns. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of nirsevimab strategies for newborns from the societal perspective in Hong Kong.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A Markov model was developed to simulate outcomes of four nirsevimab strategies in newborns: (1) year-round, (2) seasonal, (3) catch-up, and (4) no nirsevimab. Primary outcomes included RSV lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) related events, direct and indirect costs, quality-adjusted life year (QALY) loss, and incremental cost per QALY (ICER).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In base-case analysis, all strategies with nirsevimab reduced RSV–LRTI-related events. The catch-up group had the lowest QALY loss per 100,000 infants (38.82), followed by year-round (45.71), seasonal (60.60), and no intervention groups (81.52). Three nirsevimab cost levels were examined: 10%, 25%, and 50% of the US cost. At 10% US cost (USD52), all strategies were cost-saving versus no intervention. At 25% US cost (USD130), the ICER of the catch-up group (vs. no intervention) was 141,925 USD/QALY. At 50% US cost (USD260), all nirsevimab strategies were not cost-effective versus no intervention at a willingness-to-pay of 162,401 USD/QALY. Influential factors with thresholds were identified for RSV-LRTI incidence, RSV-related hospitalization and mortality, and nirsevimab effectiveness at the 25% US cost level (USD130). In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, the catch-up and no intervention strategies were cost-effective 100% of the time at 10% (USD52) and 50% (USD260) US cost, respectively. At 25% US cost (USD130), the catch-up strategy was cost-effective 58.56% of the time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cost-effectiveness acceptance of nirsevimab was highly subject to drug cost and effectiveness of nirsevimab, RSV-LRTI incidence, and RSV–LRTI-related consequences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12485666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absences, Symptoms and Respiratory Viruses in a Swiss School: Longitudinal Study With Serial Saliva Sampling","authors":"Nicolas Banholzer,&nbsp;David Kronthaler,&nbsp;Pascal Bittel,&nbsp;Lavinia Furrer,&nbsp;James D Munday,&nbsp;Matthias Egger,&nbsp;Tina Hascher,&nbsp;Philipp Jent,&nbsp;Lukas Fenner","doi":"10.1111/irv.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Viral respiratory infections contribute to sick days in school children. We monitored respiratory infections, absences, and symptoms in a Swiss school.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serial saliva sampling (three per week) and daily recording of absences and symptoms over 6 weeks during the winter of 2023/24 in four Swiss school classes (age 14–15).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed 1047 samples of 67/84 (80%) participants, identifying 87 infection episodes across eight viruses: 28 (32%) human rhinovirus, 18 (21%) influenza A/B, 11 (13%) respiratory syncytial virus, 14 (16%) human coronaviruses, 6 (7%) parainfluenza virus, and 5 (6%) influenza B; SARS-CoV-2 was not detected. Spatiotemporal trends revealed seasonal epidemic trends and evidence of transmission within classes. Viral loads (interquartile range 29.5–36.9 Ct) and duration of detection (modeled range 3.2–5.3 days) were similar for all viruses. School absences were more likely temporally associated with influenza B infections than with other respiratory viral infections (&gt; 99% vs. 38%, <i>p</i> = 0.005), and the absences tended to be longer (average 4.2 vs. 2.2 days). Symptoms varied depending on the pathogen detected, with absences temporally associated with human rhinovirus and parainfluenza virus infections commonly involving runny nose and sore throat, while absences associated with influenza infections often involved fever.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Class-specific distribution patterns suggest a major contribution of within-class to overall respiratory virus transmission. Respiratory viruses showed certain distinct profiles in relation to school absences and symptoms. This highlights the importance of infection control measures, including vaccination, and virus-specific monitoring to better understand transmission dynamics in schools.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Detection of Boosepivirus B1 in a Sick Yearling's Nasal Swab, Mexico","authors":"Judith U. Oguzie,&nbsp;Gustavo Hernandez-Vidal,&nbsp;Gustavo Moreno-Degollado,&nbsp;Gregory C. Gray","doi":"10.1111/irv.70165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70165","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Boosepivirus (BooV), a recently proposed genus within the family &lt;i&gt;Picornaviridae&lt;/i&gt;, includes species A, B, and C, each with distinct genotypic subdivisions (e.g., B1 and B2) [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. To date, BooV has been detected exclusively in fecal samples from cattle in several geographic locations with no prior reports of its presence in respiratory specimens [&lt;span&gt;2-5&lt;/span&gt;]. Here, we describe the first detection of the BooV B1 genotype in a nasal swab collected from a beef yearling exhibiting respiratory symptoms in Mexico.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As part of a One Health surveillance for novel respiratory viruses on US and Mexican beef cattle farms in 2024, farm workers collected deep nasal swabs from 40 sick beef cattle and 12 bioaerosol samples from a farm in Nuevo León, Mexico. RNA was extracted from nasal swab specimens using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit on the QIAcube Connect automated system (QIAGEN Inc., Valencia, CA). Sequencing libraries were prepared with the Illumina Nextera XT Library Prep Kit (San Diego), following established protocols [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;]. Libraries were sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq X platform, generating 75-bp paired-end reads.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Raw metagenomic sequencing (mNGS) reads were processed using the Chan Zuckerberg ID (CZ ID) platform (https://czid.org). Subsequently, BooV genomes were aligned with published BooV sequences from the NCBI database using MAFFT [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;], and a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree was generated with IQ-TREE [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;]. The resulting tree was visualized and annotated in FigTree v1.4.4 (http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the 40 sick cow samples from the farm was chosen for mNGS based on pan-coronavirus assay positivity, which yielded evidence for a rodent coronavirus [&lt;span&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;]. The specimen was collected from a 17-month-old beef yearling with fever and nasal discharge. The specimen had no molecular evidence of influenza A or D.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We assembled a contig of 7512 nt in length. BLASTn analysis demonstrated 87.63% nucleotide identity with strain 21-0305 (GenBank accession no. MZ052226.1). At the protein level, BLASTp analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed 98.33% identity with strain Bo-12-11/2009/JPN (GenBank accession no. LC036581.1) and 98.29% identity with strain 21-0305 (GenBank accession no. MZ052226.1). Phylogenetic analysis further showed that our sequence formed a monophyletic cluster with MZ052226.1, which was previously isolated from a diarrheic calf in the United States (Figure 1).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Notably, this is the first report of BooV detection in a nasal specimen. The BooV sequence has been submitted to the GenBank database under accession number PX262393. Although we cannot rule out fecal contamination of the yearling's airway, as the yearling had marked respiratory signs, our finding suggests the possibility of BooV's association with respiratory illness in cattle. This detection highlights the value of employing broad-range diagnostics when","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing Epidemic and Intensity Thresholds After a Major Change in Respiratory Virus Surveillance in Spain in 2020","authors":"Ana María Puerto,&nbsp;José Eugenio Lozano,&nbsp;Marcos Lozano,&nbsp;Luca Basile,&nbsp;Gael Naveira-Barbeito,&nbsp;Inés Guiu Cañete,&nbsp;Juan Antonio Linares Dópido,&nbsp;Ana Fernández Ibáñez,&nbsp;Ana Carmen Ibáñez Pérez,&nbsp;Daniel Castrillejo,&nbsp;Eva Rivas Wagner,&nbsp;María Ángel Valcárcel de la Iglesia,&nbsp;Esteban Pérez Morilla,&nbsp;Isabel Martínez-Pino,&nbsp;Tomás Vega,&nbsp;Susana Monge,&nbsp;SiVIRA-MEM collaborators","doi":"10.1111/irv.70136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We estimated acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and influenza-like illness (ILI) thresholds for SiVIRA, a new integrated surveillance system set up in Spain in 2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We retrospectively extracted diagnostic codes from primary healthcare databases between Weeks 30/2010 and 39/2021, using methods similar to SiVIRA. Epidemic and intensity thresholds were estimated using the moving epidemic method (MEM).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The epidemic threshold for the 2024–2025 season was 400 cases per 100,000 persons for ARI and 36 for ILI, and medium, high, and very high intensity thresholds were 953, 1079, and 1139 for ARI and 167, 218, and 246 for ILI, estimating low intensity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reconstructing the historical series using electronic health records was possible and allowed the estimation of thresholds. Experience gained will guide the choice of MEM parameters in the future.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The National Burden of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illness Among Children Aged <5 Years in Niger, 2015–2018","authors":"Adamou Lagare,&nbsp;William W. Davis,&nbsp;Neha N. Patel,&nbsp;Goumbi Kadade,&nbsp;Jean Testa,&nbsp;Saidou Mamadou,&nbsp;Julia Fitzner,&nbsp;Stefano Tempia,&nbsp;A. Danielle Iuliano","doi":"10.1111/irv.70160","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70160","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Influenza contributes substantially to severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, few countries have estimated influenza disease burden, especially middle and low-income countries. Burden data are important to understand the impacts of illness on the population and to inform interventions. Currently, Niger has no recommendations for seasonal influenza vaccination or antiviral use. We estimated the national number and rates of SARI and influenza-associated SARI hospitalizations, mild/moderate illness, and death among children aged &lt; 5 years in Niger.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We utilized influenza surveillance data among children aged &lt; 5 years hospitalized with SARI at three sentinel hospitals located in Niamey during 2015–2018 along with estimated catchment area population data to calculate the influenza-associated SARI hospitalization rates per 100,000 population. Rates were calculated for age groups &lt; 1, 1–4, and &lt; 5 years using the World Health Organization (WHO) methods and a hospital admission survey; then, we extrapolated the estimates nationally. We also used the influenza burden pyramid tool developed by WHO and the John Hopkins Center for Health Security to estimate influenza-associated mild/moderate illnesses and influenza-associated deaths for Niger.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Influenza viruses were detected in 175/1796 (9.7%) specimens collected and tested during the study period from children aged &lt; 5 years at the three SARI sentinel surveillance sites. The influenza percentage positive was 7.7% (58/754) among infants aged &lt; 1 year and 11.3% (117/1038) among children aged 1–4 years. The estimated mean annual national number of SARI hospitalizations among children aged &lt; 5 years was 16,406 (95% CI: 15,117–17,779) and the estimated SARI hospitalization rate per 100,000 population was 405.3 (95% CI: 373.5–439.2). The estimated mean annual national number of influenza-associated SARI hospitalizations among children aged &lt; 5 years was 1484 (95% CI: 1162–1813; rate: 36.7; 95% CI: 28.7–44.8). The estimated mean annual national number of influenza-associated mild illnesses, hospitalized patients, and deaths among children aged &lt; 5 years in Niger was 218,030 (95% CI: 43,303–527,236), 1261 (95% CI: 38–3271), 223 (95% CI: 22–614), and 15 (95% CI: 6–373) respectively.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;’This study estimated a substantial influenza disease burden among children aged &lt; 5 years in Niger, highlighting, for decision makers, the importance of resource al","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Resistance-Associated Mutations in RSV F Protein Against Monoclonal Antibodies Prior to Widespread Implementation: Findings From a Prospective German Pediatric Cohort","authors":"Martin Wetzke,&nbsp;Duyen Bao Le,&nbsp;Inga Tometten,&nbsp;Simon Ritter,&nbsp;Nadine Lübke,&nbsp;Jörg Timm,&nbsp;Alexander Dilthey,&nbsp;Marcus Panning,&nbsp;Andreas Walker,&nbsp;Christine Happle","doi":"10.1111/irv.70164","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The emergence of resistance-associated substitutions in RSV against novel monoclonal antibodies is a concern given widespread prophylactic use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the prevalence of resistance-associated substitutions in the RSV F protein against nirsevimab, clesrovimab, and palivizumab in German infants before widespread implementation of nirsevimab.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials &amp; Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sequenced the F protein of <i>n</i> = 1042 RSV samples from German infants from seasons 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 and screened for variants in binding sites for nirsevimab (Site Ø), clesrovimab (Site IV), and palivizumab (Site II).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prevalence of resistance-associated substitutions was low (&lt; 1%) for all three monoclonal antibodies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although the current risk of infections with escape-mutants appears to be low, our results underline the need for continued surveillance, as resistance-conferring mutations to new mAbs circulated and may be selected under selection pressure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and Impact of Autumn 2023 COVID-19 Vaccination in Preventing Hospitalizations in Navarre, Spain, October 2023 to September 2024","authors":"Iván Martínez-Baz,&nbsp;Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín,&nbsp;Miguel Fernández-Huerta,&nbsp;Ana Navascués,&nbsp;Aitziber Echeverria,&nbsp;Nerea Egüés,&nbsp;Noelia Vera-Punzano,&nbsp;María Eugenia Portillo,&nbsp;Guillermo Ezpeleta,&nbsp;Jesús Castilla","doi":"10.1111/irv.70163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to estimate autumn 2023 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (CVE) in preventing hospitalizations due to COVID-19 until September 2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a test-negative case–control study nested in the cohort of adults aged ≥ 45 years with indication of autumn 2023 COVID-19 vaccination in Navarre, Spain. The study included patients hospitalized for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and tested by polymerase chain reaction between October 2023 and September 2024. The COVID-19 vaccination statuses in the current and previous seasons were compared between confirmed COVID-19 cases and test-negative controls. CVE was estimated as (1 − adjusted odds ratio) × 100.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 4051 SARI hospitalized patients included in the study, 474 (12%) were confirmed for COVID-19. CVE to prevent COVID-19 hospitalizations was 32% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11%–48%) on average for the year and 38% (95% CI, 17%–54%) among people aged ≥ 65 years. However, estimates for current-season vaccination were 51% (95% CI, 30%–66%), 50% (95% CI, 16%–70%), and 0% (95% CI, −42% to 30%) for 7 to 89, 90 to 179, and ≥ 180 days between vaccination and COVID-19 diagnosis, respectively. The residual effect of previous-season vaccination was not statistically significant (14%; 95% CI, −20% to 39%). CVE was moderate in preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations between October 2023 and March 2024 (50%; 95% CI, 28%–65%), and null between April and September 2024 (6%; 95% CI, −41% to 38%). The vaccine averted 19% of COVID-19 hospitalizations. On average, 963 doses of vaccine were necessary to prevent one COVID-19 hospitalization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CVE was moderate in preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations during the 2023–2024 season, but decreased 6 months after vaccination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on H5N1 Panzootic: Infected Mammal Species Increase by Almost 50% in Just Over a Year","authors":"Pablo Plaza,&nbsp;Sergio A. Lambertucci","doi":"10.1111/irv.70159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70159","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The current panzootic caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A(H5N1) (hereafter, H5N1) is having devastating effects on animal and ecosystem health; the virus has spread globally, causing alarming mortalities in a wide range of domestic and wild animals [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. By early 2024, at least 50 mammal species had been reported infected by H5N1, with massive mortalities in some cases; viral mutations suggest the virus is adapting to infect mammals [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. This epidemiological situation puts humans at risk due to the potential emergence of a new viral variant capable of triggering a new pandemic. Here, we provide a global update on mammals infected by H5N1 up to July 2025 following the methodology previously used by Plaza et al. [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;], which is based on a search of scientific literature and diverse global databases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We found that between March 2024 and July 2025, 24 new species were recorded as infected, representing almost a 50% increase in the number of species (Figure 1A,B). The current 74 mammalian species known to be infected by this virus include domestic, synanthropic (i.e., wild species that live in human-modified environments and obtain benefits from humans), and wild species (Figure 1A). Humans use some of these species for productive purposes, such as breeding or harvesting for fur and food (Figure 1A), and several may act as mixing vessels (Figure 1A). Even considering the figures are underestimations [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;], the Mustelidae family is the most affected (more than 50,000 cases, mostly in captivity for fur production), followed by the families Otariidae (&gt; 24,000 cases, in the wild), Phocidae (&gt; 18,000 cases, in the wild), Canidae (&gt; 11,000 cases, mostly in captivity for fur production), and Bovidae (&gt; 1000 cases, in dairy production) (Figure 1A).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The number of mammalian species infected by this zoonotic pathogen and the number of cases are rapidly increasing (Figure 1A,B). Although increased testing may have influenced this result, the almost 50% rise in species in just over a year is highly concerning. Some species pose a significant risk to humans due to their large populations, close proximity to human settlements, and potential role as mixing vessels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Surveillance for high-risk species (i.e., mixing vessels with large populations living near humans) should be a global priority. The lack of information about the H5N1 epidemiological situation in some regions (e.g., some areas of the Global South) should be addressed by promoting surveillance programs and providing funds and technology [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The most affected mammalian species are those used by humans, particularly in intensive production systems. This makes management of the H5N1 spread challenging because the virus is strongly associated with our unsustainable ways of living and production methods [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;]. If this panzootic is not addressed from a holistic, ecological, producti","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}