Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses最新文献

{"title":"RSV Molecular Epidemiology Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Periods in Seattle, Washington, USA","authors":"Pavitra Roychoudhury,&nbsp;Julia C. Bennett,&nbsp;Anna Elias-Warren,&nbsp;Erica Wetzler,&nbsp;Lea M. Starita,&nbsp;Jeremy Stone,&nbsp;Ben Capodanno,&nbsp;Robin Prentice,&nbsp;Peter D. Han,&nbsp;Sally B. Grindstaff,&nbsp;David Reinhart,&nbsp;Jennifer K. Logue,&nbsp;Caitlin R. Wolf,&nbsp;Michael Boeckh,&nbsp;Christina M. Lockwood,&nbsp;Amanda C. Perofsky,&nbsp;Cécile Viboud,&nbsp;Jay Shendure,&nbsp;Trevor Bedford,&nbsp;Marco Carone,&nbsp;Janet A. Englund,&nbsp;Helen Y. Chu","doi":"10.1111/irv.70332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70332","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Globally, RSV declined to historically low levels following stay-at-home orders in 2020 and re-emerged as restrictions lifted, with large inter-seasonal outbreaks and other shifts in epidemiology. The effect of the pandemic restrictions on genomic diversity has not been well studied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with respiratory symptoms were enrolled into community-based surveillance studies and provided nasal swabs over three respiratory virus seasons from 2019 to 2022 in the Seattle metropolitan area in Washington State, USA. Samples were tested for RSV by RT-qPCR, with whole genome sequencing performed for a subset.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among children and adults, respectively, 1.8% (232/13,014) and 0.2% (86/46,042) of samples tested positive for RSV-A and 1.1% (139/13016) and 0.3% (119/46043) for RSV-B. Positive cases were observed in childcare (<i>n</i> = 39), clinic (<i>n</i> = 270), university (<i>n</i> = 20), workplace (<i>n</i> = 32) or nursing facility (<i>n</i> = 1) sites and through at-home self-administered testing (<i>n</i> = 253). Median age for all participants was 33 years (IQR: 23, 48) and 3 years (IQR: 3, 33) for those who tested positive. Cough (≥ 85%) and rhinorrhea (≥ 85%) were the most common symptoms for RSV cases. During 2019–2020, six RSV-A and three RSV-B lineages circulated (majority lineages <span>A.D</span>.1 and B.D.4.1.1). Almost no RSV was detected during 2020–2021. During 2021–2022, RSV-B lineage B.D.E.1 was dominant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a community surveillance study spanning several years, RSV was commonly detected in young children across several sites. Circulation of RSV was disrupted by pandemic mitigation measures, with shifts in genomic diversity detected after lifting of pandemic restrictions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Wide Association Studies of Hospitalized Influenza Identify Four Risk Loci and Reveal Shared and Unique Genetic Factors Compared With COVID-19","authors":"Xiao Xue,&nbsp;Yaning Feng,&nbsp;Yu-Ping Lin,&nbsp;Pui-Ching Chan,&nbsp;Hon-Cheong So","doi":"10.1111/irv.70334","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70334","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Influenza remains a significant global health burden, potentially leading to hospitalization and mortality. Although previous studies have explored genetic susceptibility to influenza infection, the genetic basis of influenza hospitalization and its relationship with respiratory diseases like COVID-19 remain poorly understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a binary GWAS of hospitalized influenza using UK Biobank data (UKBB; 1037 cases/404,108 controls) and then meta-analyzed results with the FinnGen GWAS, yielding 11,171 cases and 782,400 controls. A time-to-event GWAS in UKBB was also performed to identify genetic factors underlying the timing (age) of first influenza hospitalization. <i>p</i>-values from both analyses were integrated by the harmonic mean <i>p</i>-value (HMP) method to enhance association detection. Further differentiation and colocalization analyses with COVID-19 investigated their distinct and shared genetic features. An integrative framework combining functional annotations, multi-omics analyses, and phenome-wide scans prioritized key risk and differential genes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The binary GWAS meta-analysis identified three loci (<i>ST6GAL1</i>, <i>AASDHPPT</i>, <i>SPATS2L</i>) associated with hospitalization risk. The time-to-event GWAS recognized <i>UGT2B4</i> as linked to hospitalization timing. HMP analysis, which combines evidence across the binary and time-to-event analyses, identified ST6GAL1 (<i>p</i> = 3 × 10⁻⁹) and UGT2B4 (<i>p</i> = 3.63 × 10⁻⁸) as genome-wide significant; however, each signal was driven predominantly by one component test, ST6GAL1 by the binary meta-analysis (meta <i>p</i> = 1.5 × 10⁻⁹), and UGT2B4 by the time-to-event analysis (SPACox <i>p</i> = 1.82 × 10⁻⁸), rather than showing independent support from both analyses. Differentiation analysis identified 29 loci and two tissues distinguishing influenza from COVID-19, whereas analysis of shared association signals (cofdr) highlighted candidate shared genetic factors, including <i>ST6GAL1</i> and <i>ICAM5</i> (gene-level PPA ≥ 0.9).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study uncovers the genetic architectures of hospitalized influenza. It also highlights genetic differences and similarities with COVID-19, providing hypothesis-generating insights that may inform future functional and therapeutic research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149193211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Genomic Surveillance of Human Parainfluenza Viruses in Côte d'Ivoire Using Twist Hybrid-Capture Sequencing","authors":"Olivia Cariolh Koumba-Koumba,&nbsp;Yakoura Karidja Ouattara,&nbsp;Herve A. Kadjo,&nbsp;Mouhamed Kane,&nbsp;Maxime Diané Kouao,&nbsp;Helene Kouassi,&nbsp;Ange-Michele Mbra,&nbsp;Alida Mouliom,&nbsp;Ndeye Awa Ndiaye,&nbsp;Ndongo Dia,&nbsp;Daouda Coulibaly,&nbsp;Edgard Adjogoua,&nbsp;Therese K. Agbessi,&nbsp;Moussa Moise Diagne","doi":"10.1111/irv.70335","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70335","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV1–3) are major causes of acute respiratory infections, yet their genomic epidemiology remains poorly characterized in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated hybrid-capture sequencing for HPIV genomic surveillance in Côte d'Ivoire using respiratory samples collected through the national sentinel surveillance network from January 2022 to December 2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 268 RT-qPCR-positive samples, 49 were selected for sequencing using the Twist Respiratory Virus Research hybrid-capture panel on the Illumina iSeq 100 platform. Genome assembly and phylogenetic analyses were performed using CZ-ID and IQ-TREE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hybrid-capture sequencing recovered 29 near-complete genomes: 9 HPIV1, 10 HPIV2, and 10 HPIV3. Genome recovery was strongly dependent on viral load, with a marked negative correlation between cycle threshold (Ct) value and genome coverage (<i>r</i> = −0.91) and optimal performance at Ct ≤ 30. Viral co-detections were identified in 25 sequenced samples; adenovirus type B was the most frequent co-detected pathogen, while HPIV3 showed the broadest co-detection profile. Phylogenetic analysis revealed limited diversity for HPIV1, greater diversity for HPIV2, and pronounced heterogeneity for HPIV3, including co-circulation of divergent lineages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hybrid-capture sequencing provides a practical approach for HPIV genomic surveillance in routine settings and offers detailed insight into HPIV circulation in West Africa, supporting lineage tracking and the design of future genomic surveillance strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional Synergistic Interaction Between Influenza Virus and SARS-CoV-2 in the Postpandemic Era: A Modeling Study","authors":"Zhen Qin,&nbsp;Yongyue Wei,&nbsp;Junwen Zhou,&nbsp;Zhicheng Du,&nbsp;Shi Zhao,&nbsp;Zhihang Peng,&nbsp;Yuantao Hao","doi":"10.1111/irv.70326","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70326","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Influenza and COVID-19 are major respiratory diseases whose co-circulation dynamics are not fully understood. Surveillance data from the postpandemic period, free from the confounding effects of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), provide a unique opportunity to study their interactions. This study aimed to (1) estimate the direction and strength of the epidemiological interactions between influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 and (2) quantify the impact of these interactions on the cumulative disease burden.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We developed a deterministic influenza virus × SARS-CoV-2 12-compartmental model SIR × SEIR using weekly laboratory surveillance data from Hong Kong between 2023 and 2025. Interaction parameters were introduced across multiple pathways to quantify the effect of one virus on the transmission of the other. Model parameters were estimated via maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), with uncertainty assessed using bootstrap resampling. Counterfactual simulations were conducted to evaluate the impact of interactions on cumulative infection incidence. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of our findings.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The model identified a significant bidirectional synergistic interaction. Specifically, prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2 was associated with a relative risk of influenza virus infection that was 1.24 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.35) times higher compared to the scenario without interaction, while SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery from it were associated with relative risks of influenza virus infection that were 2.43 (2.20, 2.66) and 12.04 (10.93, 13.17) times higher, respectively. Additionally, influenza virus infection was associated with a relative risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection that was 2.39 (2.17, 2.62) times higher, and recovery from influenza was associated with a relative risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection that was 9.92 (9.00, 10.84) times higher. Counterfactual analysis demonstrated that this interaction substantially amplified epidemic sizes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study provides strong epidemiological evidence that influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 exhibit a bidirectional synergistic interaction at the population level, which significantly elevates the total disease burden. These findings underscore the urgent need for multifaceted public health preparedness, including enhanced clinical management and multiplex testing, optimized vaccination strategies, and integrated multipathogen s","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian Influenza Panzootic Calls for Integrating Available Movement Data Into Epidemiological Management","authors":"Pablo Plaza,&nbsp;Eneko Arrondo,&nbsp;Fernando Ballejo,&nbsp;Martin Wikelski,&nbsp;Sergio A. Lambertucci","doi":"10.1111/irv.70330","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70330","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In recent times, several pathogens of animal origin have emerged worldwide, posing a serious threat to ecosystems, animal, and human health [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Animal movement stands out as one of the major drivers of pathogen dispersal; therefore, it should be incorporated into epidemiological management [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. Cases such as the ongoing highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) panzootic provide key evidence that the extensive knowledge available on animal movement could be extremely valuable for epidemiological management. Wild birds play a crucial epidemiological role in this ongoing severe panzootic [&lt;span&gt;3, 4&lt;/span&gt;]; addressing the link between viral spread and bird movement is therefore essential.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The three primary categories of wild bird movement (i.e., long-distance, regional-scale, and local movements) [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;] can play different roles in the spread of H5N1 across diverse spatiotemporal contexts. Long-distance movements involve large-scale (i.e., over thousands of kilometers), long-duration (i.e., from days to months) movements that occur regularly but with low frequency, such as migrations or nomadism [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. These movements could play a significant role in spreading influenza H5N1 over vast distances and geographical barriers (e.g., oceans between continents). Regional-scale movements cover intermediate distances (i.e., outside the home range) and typically occur when an animal is not breeding or migrating, such as during natal dispersal or prospecting for new territories [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. These movements can facilitate pathogen introduction into previously unexposed and poorly connected sites or populations (e.g., between sporadically connected colonies by vagrant individuals). Local-scale movements occur over short distances (i.e., within the home range) and regularly, including behaviors such as moving between roosting and foraging areas [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. Knowing the characteristics of local movements could help to identify key areas where susceptible species spend more time or interact more with others, which is crucial to predict pathogen transmission risks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To illustrate the wealth of available movement data that could be used for H5N1 epidemiological management, we used the wild bird species reported as infected by this virus from late 2020 (the beginning of this panzootic) to July 2026. To provide more detail on the potential of movement studies for epidemiological management, we roughly reconstructed, as a case study, the most probable route of H5N1 spread from its origin in Central Europe to Antarctica via the Atlantic Ocean, identifying the species potentially involved along this pathway (Table S1). Data on infected species were obtained from the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) databases and scientific articles [&lt;span&gt;4, 6-8&lt;/span&gt;] (Table S1). Species implicated in transcontinental movements from Europe ","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nomenclature Updates to the Hemagglutinin Gene Clade Designations Resulting From the Continued Evolution of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza A(H5) Virus Clades 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.4.4","authors":"Tommy T. Lam,&nbsp;C. Todd Davis,&nbsp;World Health Organization/World Organisation for Animal Health/Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/WOAH/FAO) H5 Evolution Working Group","doi":"10.1111/irv.70317","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70317","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The evolutionary divergence of the A(H5) hemagglutinin (HA) gene of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses (A/goose/Guangdong/96 lineage) was analyzed by phylogenetic and average pairwise distance methods to identify clades that merit nomenclature updates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on this assessment, 12 new clade designations were recommended based on division of clade 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.4.4 viruses, which were reported in Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, the Americas, and Oceania since the most recent WHO/WOAH/FAO H5 Evolution Working Group update.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exceptionally Early Onset of the Influenza Epidemic Season During Ongoing Respiratory Syncytial Virus Circulation in Japan, 2026.","authors":"Riku Saito, Takuma Ohnishi, Tetsuya Kunikata, Seigo Korematsu","doi":"10.1111/irv.70339","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 10","pages":"e70339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Human Adenoviruses Before and After a Severe HAdV-7 Military Outbreak in Finland in 2024","authors":"Niko Tervo,&nbsp;Marjaana Pitkäpaasi,&nbsp;Pilvi Hepo-oja,&nbsp;Hanna Jarva,&nbsp;Anna Katz,&nbsp;Erika Lindh,&nbsp;Richard Lundell,&nbsp;Minna Paloniemi,&nbsp;Laura Savolainen,&nbsp;Carita Savolainen-Kopra,&nbsp;Niina Ikonen,&nbsp;Simo Nikkari","doi":"10.1111/irv.70329","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70329","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 2024, a severe outbreak caused by human adenovirus type 7d (HAdV-7) occurred in Finnish military garrisons. Molecular typing was implemented to support outbreak control. The aim of this study was to determine adenovirus types circulating in Finnish garrisons during 2013–2023 by retrospective surveillance and to review earlier findings to better understand factors contributing to the 2024 outbreak.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adenovirus-positive respiratory samples collected through routine surveillance (2013–2023) and enhanced surveillance (2024–2025) were typed using type-specific PCR assays targeting types 3, 4, 7, 11, 14, 16, and 21. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 11 selected samples. Index case interviews were conducted among conscripts infected with HAdV-7 in late 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During 2013–2023, among 497 typed samples, HAdV-4 was most common (<i>n</i> = 446; 89.7%), followed by HAdV-3 (<i>n</i> = 25; 5%). Other types detected were HAdV-21 (<i>n</i> = 11; 2.2%), HAdV-7 (<i>n</i> = 6; 1.2%), and HAdV-11 (<i>n</i> = 1; 0.2%). HAdV-4 was predominant in 2013–2017 and HAdV-3 in 2018–2019. Between February 2024 and June 2025, 1692 adenovirus-positive respiratory samples were typed. The adenovirus types detected were HAdV-4 (<i>n</i> = 1133; 67%), HAdV-7 (<i>n</i> = 440; 26%), co-detection of HAdV-4 and -7 (<i>n</i> = 70; 4.1%), and HAdV-14 (<i>n</i> = 1; 0.1%). Epidemiological investigation and whole-genome sequencing data revealed that the adenovirus associated with the 2024 outbreak (HAdV-7d) was already circulating in Finnish garrisons in 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The severity of the 2024 outbreak may reflect limited prior circulation of HAdV-7 in Finland. Although HAdV-7 continued to circulate among conscripts in 2025, the severity of the epidemic subsided, possibly due to effective preventative measures guided by active surveillance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13630475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postpandemic Trends in Pediatric Respiratory Virus Hospitalizations: A Multicenter Study, 2019–2025","authors":"Federica Attaianese,&nbsp;Silvia Campani,&nbsp;Sandra Trapani,&nbsp;Ilaria Alberti,&nbsp;Maurizio Aricò,&nbsp;Marina Attanasi,&nbsp;Giulia Bertolucci,&nbsp;Silvia Bressan,&nbsp;Désirée Caselli,&nbsp;Veronica Casotto,&nbsp;Salvatore Cazzato,&nbsp;Francesco Chiarelli,&nbsp;Enrico Felici,&nbsp;Anna Frusciante,&nbsp;Maria Antonia Galeone,&nbsp;Silvia Garazzino,&nbsp;Antonietta Giannattasio,&nbsp;Eloisa Gitto,&nbsp;Antonio Guerriero,&nbsp;Fiorentina Guida,&nbsp;Giovanna Iudica,&nbsp;Marcello Lanari,&nbsp;Claudia Mandato,&nbsp;Alice Manzini,&nbsp;Gaia Martelli,&nbsp;Gregorio Paolo Milani,&nbsp;Maria Moriondo,&nbsp;Lucia Dora Notarangelo,&nbsp;Felice Nunziata,&nbsp;Roberta Pellegrino,&nbsp;Diego Peroni,&nbsp;Emanuela Piccotti,&nbsp;Eduardo Ponticiello,&nbsp;Silvia Ricci,&nbsp;Immacolata Rulli,&nbsp;Fabio Savoia,&nbsp;Erika Silvestro,&nbsp;Antonella Sisto,&nbsp;Federica Soro,&nbsp;Stefania Tonetto,&nbsp;Alessandro Zago,&nbsp;Carlo Dani,&nbsp;Chiara Azzari,&nbsp;Giuseppe Indolfi","doi":"10.1111/irv.70296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70296","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly altered the circulation of respiratory viruses in children, changing the epidemiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections. In the postpandemic period, respiratory pathogens showed marked temporal variability. The 2024–2025 season was the first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season in Italy during which RSV immunoprophylaxis with nirsevimab was implemented, allowing evaluation of recent trends in pediatric hospitalizations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a retrospective multicenter study across 16 pediatric hospitals in Italy. Hospitalizations of children younger than 18 years with RSV, influenza, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus infection, or bronchiolitis of unspecified viral etiology were identified from January 2019 to March 2025 using ICD-9-CM diagnostic codes. Annual and monthly hospitalization rates per 100,000 children were calculated using national demographic data. Temporal trends were assessed across six consecutive seasons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 23,981 hospitalizations were recorded. RSV was the most frequent pathogen (42.5%), followed by influenza (18.6%), adenovirus (9.9%), and rhinovirus (7.3%). Hospitalizations declined sharply in 2020 and subsequently increased, peaking in 2024 (<i>n</i> = 4903; +30.8% vs. 2022). During the 2024–2025 season, total admissions decreased by 17.2% compared with 2023–2024 (3390 vs. 4095), mainly due to a marked reduction in RSV-related hospitalizations (−41.6%, 1230 vs. 2107), with modest increases in influenza-, adenovirus-, and rhinovirus-associated admissions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This nationwide analysis describes postpandemic trends in pediatric respiratory virus hospitalizations in Italy, highlighting changing pathogen-specific patterns and the need for continued viral surveillance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and Phylogenetic Analysis of Reassorted H10Nx Avian Influenza Viruses in Guangdong Province, China","authors":"Jie Liu,&nbsp;Qiyue Zhang,&nbsp;Haiyang Xiang,&nbsp;Yuanguo Li,&nbsp;Jing Liu,&nbsp;Qiucheng Yao,&nbsp;Yuwei Gao,&nbsp;Ye Ge","doi":"10.1111/irv.70320","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70320","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>H10 subtype avian influenza viruses circulate widely among wild and domestic birds worldwide. These viruses have crossed species barriers to infect mammals, including humans, with cases of H10N3, H10N5 and H10N8 reported. During active surveillance in Guangdong Province, China, between 2023 and 2025, we isolated 10 H10Nx influenza A viruses from wild birds and domestic ducks. To characterise their epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics, we analysed public sequence and surveillance data and found H10 viruses across all inhabited continents, including more than 400 isolates from China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bayesian phylogeographic analysis revealed that China is an important transmission hub for Eurasian-lineage H10 viruses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phylogenetic analysis of the 10 H10 genes placed them within the North American lineage. Reassortment analysis indicated that these 10 isolates underwent complex gene exchange with multiple influenza A subtypes, resulting in five distinct genotypes. Some gene segments were identical to those found in avian H10N5 viruses that infect humans, indicating genetic relatedness to human-infected strains, likely resulting from reassortment events. Notably, these isolates harboured several amino acid substitutions associated with mammalian adaptation. Frequent transmission at the wild bird–poultry interface highlights potential zoonotic risks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings highlight the importance of H10 viruses as a public health risk and the need for intensified active surveillance in wild birds and poultry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}