Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses最新文献

{"title":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Mild and Severe Outcomes: A Comparison Study in Portugal.","authors":"Francisco Mourao, Verónica Gómez, Patrícia Soares, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Carlos Matias Dias, Ausenda Machado","doi":"10.1111/irv.70299","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Influenza vaccination is an effective public health intervention to lessen influenza effect on healthcare and has been recommended to prevent severe outcomes. Previous studies present higher influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) estimates against primary care medically attended (outpatients) compared to hospitalised cases (inpatients). Inconsistencies in study designs may hinder comparisons of IVE in preventing mild (outpatient consultations) versus severe influenza (inpatient admissions). We aimed to compare IVE against mild and severe influenza within primary care and hospital networks in Portugal from 2015/16 to 2023/24.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the test-negative design, we analysed 3393 RT-PCR-tested patients with influenza-like illness in outpatients or severe acute respiratory infection in inpatients. IVE was estimated using a generalised linear mixed model with fixed effects for sex, age category, comorbidities, month of symptom onset and random effects for season. For difference estimation, 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained through bootstrapping.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IVE was 40.4% (22.7; 54.0) for outpatients and 38.7% (17.6; 54.5) for inpatients. The 1.7% difference was not statistically significant (-22.0; 26.8). Subgroup analyses for individuals aged ≥ 65 years, patients with comorbidities and by influenza A subtype showed similar non-significant differences, ranging from -1% to 17%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found no statistically significant difference in IVE against mild or severe influenza infection. However, comparison across care settings should be interpreted cautiously, as patients differ in sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidity burden. Although limited sample size may reduce statistical power, the small magnitude of observed differences suggests that patients benefit from current vaccination strategies across care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 9","pages":"e70299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza Vaccination Effectiveness in Preventing Hospitalization of Adults With Underlying Medical Conditions: A Multicentre Case-Control Study.","authors":"Diana Toledo, Núria Soldevila, Juan Carlos Galan, Pere Godoy, María Morales-Suarez-Varela, Marta Rodriguez-Suárez, María Grau, Tania Fernández-Villa, Aurea Morillo, Gemma Navarro, Judith Chamorro, Angela Domínguez","doi":"10.1111/irv.70304","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Seasonal influenza, especially in persons with underlying medical conditions, is a substantial global burden. Influenza vaccination effectiveness (VE) varies annually, requiring continuous evaluation due to evolving viruses and vaccination coverages. Our aim was to investigate influenza VE in preventing hospitalization for confirmed influenza among people aged 15-64 years with underlying medical conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multicentre case-control study across 17 Spanish hospitals in hospitalized patients aged 15-64 years with underlying medical conditions in three influenza seasons. Influenza VE was estimated using two types of controls: test-negative controls and non-acute respiratory infection controls. Data on demographics, underlying medical conditions, vaccination status and clinical outcomes were collected. Adjusted VE was analysed using multivariable logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recruited were 1220 hospitalized adults with underlying medical conditions, of whom 25.2% were vaccinated. VE varied by season, age group, and virus subtype. Statistically significant protection was observed for all seasons jointly against influenza A(H3N2) subtype, whereas VE estimates for specific seasons and subtypes were not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore the importance of continuous VE monitoring and tailored vaccination strategies to protect adults with underlying medical conditions and highlight low seasonal influenza vaccination coverage in this population. Influenza seasonal vaccination should be improved in people aged 15-64 years with underlying medical conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 9","pages":"e70304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing a Seasonal Severity Assessment for Respiratory Illness- and Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations in Kenya, 2019-2025.","authors":"Elizabeth B White, Jorim O Ayugi, Nzisa Liku, Bryan O Nyawanda, Victor Opere, Joel Machuki, Peter Muturi, Rosalia Kalani, Nancy A Otieno, Patrick Dawson, A Danielle Iuliano, Gideon O Emukule","doi":"10.1111/irv.70314","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Kenya, influenza and other respiratory viruses circulate year-round. The Ministry of Health monitors severe acute respiratory infections (SARI), including influenza-associated hospitalizations, through a sentinel surveillance network. We developed intensity thresholds (ITs) to assess seasonal severity based on respiratory illness- and influenza-associated hospitalizations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nine surveillance sites contributed data from January 2019 through December 2025 (with rolling start dates). Weekly all-cause admissions, respiratory illnesses, and influenza testing in pediatric (0-13 years) and adult (≥ 14 years) medical wards were collected using retrospective record review (prior to June 2023) and SARI surveillance platform reporting (June 2023 onwards). Four sites had sufficient historical data to calculate ITs for the 2024 assessment; eight sites were included for 2025. We used the moving epidemic method to calculate annual and biannual ITs for moderate (50th percentile; IT₅₀), high (IT₉₀), and very high (IT₉₈) severity for the percentage of hospitalizations for respiratory illness and influenza, overall and by age group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 2024 and 2025, respiratory illness-associated hospitalizations remained below the IT₅₀ for most of the year across age groups, with 1-2 weeks above the IT₅₀. Influenza-associated hospitalizations also remained below the annual IT₅₀ in both years but exceeded the biannual IT₅₀ for several weeks at each wave's peak.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In 2024 and 2025, respiratory illness-associated and influenza-associated hospitalization severity was low to moderate. This approach can guide public health activities in Kenya, contribute to global influenza surveillance, and provide a framework to assess influenza severity in countries without clear Northern or Southern Hemisphere seasonality.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 9","pages":"e70314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Evidence of HPAI H5N1 in Coastal Areas of Australia's Antarctic Territory During the 2025/26 Austral Summer.","authors":"Louise Emmerson, Madi McLatchie, Jessica L Williams, Jarrah Day, Javed Riaz, Colin Southwell, Michelle Wille","doi":"10.1111/irv.70310","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70310","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 9","pages":"e70310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital Admissions for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Among Elderly: A Retrospective Study From an Italian Southern Region During Years 2018-2023.","authors":"Giuseppe Di Martino, Pamela Di Giovanni, Federica Vaccaro, Francesca Romana Cascavilla, Carla Di Marzio, Livia Tognaccini, Edoardo Trebbi, Teresa Aita, Ferdinando Romano, Tommaso Staniscia","doi":"10.1111/irv.70315","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common causes of acute respiratory infections in both children and adults over 60. RSV can cause severe lower respiratory tract infections in older adults, leading to an increase of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of hospitalizations due to RSV infections in the Abruzzo region of Italy among patients aged over 60 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was performed in the Abruzzo region, evaluating all hospitalizations performed during years 2018-2023. Age- and gender-standardized hospitalization rates for RSV were calculated. Patients' comorbidities and hospitalization-related outcomes were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 2018-2023, 42 RSV-coded hospitalizations were identified among adults aged ≥ 60 years. An additional RSV-attributable burden was estimated by applying a literature-derived attributable fraction to hospitalizations for unspecified viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia, resulting in an estimated total of 67 RSV-attributable admissions. Annual age- and sex-standardized RSV-coded hospitalization rates showed substantial year-to-year variability. Poisson regression with correction for overdispersion identified no statistically significant temporal trend during the study period (IRR per calendar year 1.08, 95% CI 0.86-1.34; p = 0.516). Among patients with RSV-coded admissions, the median length of stay was 11 days (IQR 6-18), and four patients (9.52%) died during hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RSV was associated with a measurable burden of hospitalization among older adults in Abruzzo. However, substantial year-to-year variability and the small number of RSV-coded admissions warrant cautious interpretation of temporal patterns. No statistically significant temporal trend was identified during the study period.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 9","pages":"e70315"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the National Disease Burden and Economic Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in Thailand.","authors":"Kansak Boonpattharatthiti, Chonnamet Techasaensiri, Wanatpreeya Phongsamart, Pilailuk Akkapaiboon Okada, Chanthawat Patikorn, Prabda Praphasiri, Teerapon Dhippayom, Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk","doi":"10.1111/irv.70316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus, causes respiratory tract infections in children and adults, leading to hospitalization and mortality. However, the national disease burden and economic impact of RSV in Thailand remain undetermined. This study aims to estimate the national disease and economic burden of RSV infections in 2023 in Thailand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An incidence-based approach was employed to estimate the economic burden of RSV from a societal perspective. RSV incidences were calculated from the data obtained from six sentinel surveillance sites across Thailand. The distribution of adjusted age-specific incidence was employed to estimate RSV cases across different age groups. A micro-costing technique with a bottom-up method was used to calculate direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, and indirect costs. The results were reported in Thai Baht (THB) and USD (34.96THB = 1 USD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An estimated 122,631 RSV cases occurred in 2023 (186 per 100,000 person-years), with 20,842 hospitalizations (17.0%) and 1156 premature deaths (5.5%). The total economic burden was 6.2 billion THB (177 million USD), or 0.03% of Thailand's gross domestic product (GDP). This included 1 billion THB (29 million USD) in direct medical costs, 349 million THB (9.9 million USD) in direct non-medical costs, and 4.8 billion THB (138 million USD) in indirect costs. Productivity loss from RSV-related premature deaths was the main cost driver, accounting for 69.35% of the total burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RSV infection poses a substantial economic burden in Thailand, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted interventions and public health policies to reduce its impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 9","pages":"e70316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b Infections in Domestic Cats During an Avian Influenza Outbreak in Italy: Implications for One Health Surveillance.","authors":"Giulia D'Annunzio, Ana Moreno, Giovanni Tosi, Patrizia Bassi, Alessio Bortolami, Giuseppe Diegoli, Alessandra Drago, Alice Fusaro, Luca Gelmini, Lucia Rita Gibelli, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Elisabetta Lilliu, Luisa Loli Piccolomini, Andrea Maroni, Enrica Martini, Giulio Matteo, Giovanna Mattei, Luisa Vera Muscatello, Isabella Monne, Elisa Palumbo, Giorgia Prezzemolo, Valentina Ravaioli, Davide Resi, Luigi Ruocco, Michele Ottavio Sabatino, Enrico Savegnago, Marco Sordilli, Calogero Terregino, Clara Tolini, Giuseppe Merialdi","doi":"10.1111/irv.70311","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>H5Nx goose/Guangdong (Gs/GD) lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses pose a significant public health threat due to their global spread, mutation accumulation, and expanding host range. The descendant clade 2.3.4.4b has been causing widespread infections in birds and increasing spillover events in mammals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This report documents the first fatal case of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b infection in a domestic cat in Italy, detected in early January 2025. The cat (CAT 1) resided on a backyard poultry farm experiencing a high pathogenicity avian influenza outbreak and succumbed rapidly following the onset of respiratory signs. A second exposed cat (CAT 2) developed clinical disease without fatal outcome. Comprehensive outbreak investigations were conducted, including pathological, serological, molecular analyses, and genomic characterization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pathological examination of CAT 1 revealed acute necrotizing bronchointerstitial pneumonia, non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, and disseminated foci of hepatic necrosis. Interestingly, the PB2-E627K mutation associated with mammalian virus adaptation was observed in the feline viral isolate compared to avian isolates. Such polymerase complex mutations are key determinants of host range and increase pathogenicity in mammals. CAT 2 from the same farm tested negative for AIV genome detection but subsequently seroconverted for antibodies against NPA, H5, and N1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sharing these findings is crucial for surveillance aimed at enabling early identification of increased risks to human and animal health, preventing cross-species viral transmission and mitigating the risk of potential spillover events.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 9","pages":"e70311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus Symptomatic Fraction, Shedding and Detection in Children Aged 6–23 Months in South Africa in 2022","authors":"Cheryl Cohen,&nbsp;Mignon du Plessis,&nbsp;Neil Martinson,&nbsp;Jocelyn Moyes,&nbsp;Sibongile Walaza,&nbsp;Nicole Wolter,&nbsp;Mvuyo Makhasi,&nbsp;Fahima Moosa,&nbsp;Myrna Charles,&nbsp;Aaron M. Samuels,&nbsp;Stefano Tempia,&nbsp;Tumelo Moloantoa,&nbsp;Bekiwe Ncwana,&nbsp;Louisa Phalatse,&nbsp;Lorens Maake,&nbsp;Amelia Buys,&nbsp;Caitlyn Labuschagne,&nbsp;Cayla Reddy,&nbsp;Wilhelmina Ubbink,&nbsp;Nokuthula Linda,&nbsp;Eva Leidman,&nbsp;Eduardo Azziz Baumgartner,&nbsp;Anne von Gottberg,&nbsp;Jackie Kleynhans","doi":"10.1111/irv.70308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70308","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accurate detection of RSV infections is important to understand epidemiology. We estimated symptomatic fraction and shedding duration of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed cases and compared RSV detection through molecular and serologic techniques.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We enrolled healthy children aged 6–23 months in a prospective cohort study, from May to October 2022, collecting thrice-weekly mid-turbinate nasal swabs for RSV RT-PCR testing. We collected serum at baseline and end of follow-up and detected anti-RSV IgG using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and multipathogen bead-based immunoassay (MIA). We ascertained symptoms by twice-weekly nurse visits, and daily caregiver symptom diaries. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive value of RT-PCR, ELISA, and MIA compared to a standard (two or more assays-positive) among children with paired sera and baseline blood preceding an RT-PCR–confirmed episode.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The RSV season started mid-February 2022. We enrolled 93 participants; 87 (94%) followed to the final study visit. Forty individuals had one or more RT-PCR–confirmed RSV infection, and six of them had a repeat episode. One-or-more symptom was reported from 54% (25/46) of RT-PCR–confirmed episodes, fever in 26% (12/46), and cough in 37% (17/46). Median RNA shedding duration was 7 days (IQR = 4–11 days). Among 80 children meeting criteria, ELISA and MIA each had &gt; 92% sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV while RT-PCR had 78% (95% CI = 61%–90%) sensitivity, 98% (95% CI = 88–100%) specificity, 97% (95% CI = 82%–100%) PPV, and 84% (95% CI = 71%–93%) NPV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Approximately half of RSV episodes were symptomatic. Serology had a high sensitivity and specificity for infection identification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148816596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Sub-National Respiratory Virus Circulation in Cambodia Using Metatranscriptomic Sequencing: A Multi-Center Hospital-Based Surveillance Study","authors":"Christina Yek,&nbsp;Jessalyn Sebastian,&nbsp;Sophana Chea,&nbsp;Sreyngim Lay,&nbsp;Mengheng Oum,&nbsp;Lyhourng Long,&nbsp;Sreytouch Chea,&nbsp;Andrea R. Pacheco,&nbsp;Meera Barochia,&nbsp;Piseth Ly,&nbsp;Sokna Ly,&nbsp;Ratanak Sath,&nbsp;Daniel M. Parker,&nbsp;Volodymyr M. Minin,&nbsp;Matthew Chung,&nbsp;Elodie Ghedin,&nbsp;Fabiano Oliveira,&nbsp;Jessica E. Manning,&nbsp;Kimsreng Lean,&nbsp;Chanty Ny,&nbsp;Viseth Long,&nbsp;Kimhor Leang,&nbsp;Virak Yim,&nbsp;Kry Hok,&nbsp;Rithea Leang,&nbsp;Rekol Huy,&nbsp;Savuth Chin,&nbsp;Darapheak Chau,&nbsp;Heng Seng,&nbsp;Sovann Ly,&nbsp;Chanthap Lon","doi":"10.1111/irv.70306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70306","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genomic surveillance can guide early detection of and response to emerging epidemics. Metatranscriptomic sequencing was used to investigate sub-national respiratory virus circulation in Cambodia from 2020 to 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from individuals aged 2 months to 65 years with influenza-like illness in four Cambodian hospitals. Metatranscriptomic data were generated by short-read RNA sequencing. Bernoulli space–time scan statistics were used to identify temporal virus clusters. Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees was used to compute divergence times for temporally clustered, highly represented viruses (influenza A/H3N2 and B, <i>Betacoronavirus 1</i>, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV] A and B), and publicly available global influenza virus genomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 1093 individuals, 499 (45.7%) had detectable respiratory viruses belonging to 68 distinct species. Moderate (<i>N</i> &gt; 20) discrete time-clusters were noted of RSV-A (37 cases), <i>Betacoronavirus 1</i> (21 cases), RSV-B (22 cases), and A/H3N2 (30 cases). The posterior median of time to most recent common ancestor ranged from 0.71 years (95% HPD 0.38–1.10) for <i>Betacoronavirus 1</i> and 1.31 years (95% HPD 0.60–3.20) for A/H3N2, to 2.75 years (1.82–4.26) for RSV-A and 4.79 years (2.39–7.74) for RSV-B. A/H3N2 and influenza B virus genomes mapped to clades 3C.2a1b.2a.2a and Victoria 1A.3a.2, respectively, and inter-mixed with concurrent global strains.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multiple respiratory viruses circulated at a sub-national level in Cambodia from 2020 to 2023 despite pandemic disruptions. Influenza virus population diversity decreased during the height of lockdown but recovered in mid-2022. Re-emerging influenza strains were distinct from historically circulating strains and clustered with contemporaneous global variants, suggesting multiple external introductions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Year Pathogen Dynamics, Coinfection Features, and Core Risk Factors Associated With Severe Pediatric Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Hangzhou, China","authors":"Chao Song,&nbsp;Jun Zhou,&nbsp;Xinfeng Zhao,&nbsp;Cuiying Ye,&nbsp;Shu Teng,&nbsp;Yidong Wu","doi":"10.1111/irv.70307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70307","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) remain a major public health burden in children globally. Nevertheless, regional data regarding postpandemic pathogen shifts, coinfection profiles, and risk factors associated with severe pediatric ARTI in Hangzhou, China, remain scarce.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective observational study was conducted on 6701 hospitalized pediatric patients (0–18 years) with ARTI in Hangzhou, China, from July 2023 to June 2025. Eleven respiratory pathogens were detected using fluorescence PCR-capillary electrophoresis. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses, alongside three machine learning models, were employed to identify risk factors. Age-stratified and coinfection analyses were also performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rhinovirus (RV), <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> (Mp), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were the most prevalent pathogens. The coinfection network was centered on RV, Mp, and adenovirus, with RV-Mp being the most common dual infection. Mixed infections were associated with severe illness (4.3% vs. 3.5% in single infections vs. 1.6% in pathogen-negative cases). Mp, bocavirus (Boca), and RV infections, along with reduced percentages of lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils, were independent risk factors associated with severe illness, whereas older age was a protective factor. Logistic regression demonstrated the best predictive performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study elucidates the dynamics of pediatric ARTI pathogens and coinfection characteristics 2 years postpandemic in Hangzhou, China. It identifies key risk factors associated with severe pediatric ARTI, providing essential evidence to inform age-specific clinical prevention, targeted interventions, and public health strategies for pediatric ARTI in the region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}