Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses最新文献

{"title":"Highly Atypical 2025 Influenza A Season in Brazil.","authors":"Tatiana P Portella, Laís Picinini Freitas, Paola Cristina Resende, Marcelo Ferreira da Costa Gomes, Leonardo S Bastos","doi":"10.1111/irv.70262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70262","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 4","pages":"e70262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13102510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Priming and the Risk of COVID-19, Influenza, and Other Acute Respiratory Infections: Insights From an N3C Cohort","authors":"Tomás M. León,&nbsp;Lyndsey M. Muehling,&nbsp;Rachel Baccile,&nbsp;Olga Morozova,&nbsp;National Clinical Cohort Collaborative (N3C) COVID-19 Consortium","doi":"10.1111/irv.70253","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70253","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and introduction of COVID-19 vaccines into immunologically naïve populations may alter the dynamics of other acute viral respiratory infections (viral ARIs) and vice versa. Competing forces, including viral interference, cross-reactive immunity, shared susceptibility, and immune dysregulation, may affect the risk. The potential net impact of various immune-priming events and their timing on the risk of viral ARIs is largely unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using data from the National Clinical Cohort Collaborative (N3C) COVID-19 Enclave, this retrospective population-based cohort study investigated the relationship between immune-priming events (COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations, and SARS-CoV-2, influenza, other, and unspecified viral ARIs) between January 2018 and September 2021 and the risk of viral ARIs during October 2021–April 2022. The sample included <i>N</i> = 608,725 individuals from seven data partners with well-ascertained COVID-19 and influenza vaccination data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early COVID-19 vaccination (December 2020–March 2021) and SARS-CoV-2 infection during the overlapping period (October 2020–March 2021) were associated with a lower risk of all outcomes, including non-SARS-CoV-2 infections. Off-season influenza vaccination (January–June 2021) was associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 and any viral ARI. Other priming events showed mixed associations, with a lack of evidence of stronger protection from more recent immune-priming events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This exploratory analysis suggests potential crossprotection between viral ARIs that may inform vaccination strategies. While ascertainment and healthcare-seeking biases in electronic health records may inflate positive associations between infection outcomes and immune priming, negative (i.e., protective) associations are of potential public health significance and warrant further investigation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147498684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Populations at Risk for Severe or Complicated Rhinovirus Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"David Gou,&nbsp;Jessica Bartoszko,&nbsp;Laura Weiler,&nbsp;Asal Alavi Parsi,&nbsp;Ante Cuvalo,&nbsp;Sahith Rajkumar,&nbsp;Dominik Mertz,&nbsp;Mark Loeb","doi":"10.1111/irv.70251","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70251","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although most rhinovirus infections are mild and subside quickly, vulnerable populations may experience severe illness. Identifying populations at risk for severe or complicated rhinovirus illness can strengthen the ongoing search for preventative and therapeutic treatments. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the populations at risk for the development of severe or complicated rhinovirus illness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched CENTRAL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE in April 2024 for studies reporting risk factors for severe rhinovirus infection, defined as lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), hospitalization, critical care unit (CCU) admission, mechanical ventilation, or death. We pooled odds ratios using random-effects meta-analysis, assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and rated the certainty of evidence using the GRADE framework.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 29 observational studies (<i>n</i> = 13,185 participants), we analyzed 13 risk factor–outcome combinations. With high certainty, age &lt; 1 year and premature birth are not associated with the risk of LRTI, and diabetes mellitus is not associated with mortality. With moderate certainty, any comorbidity and pulmonary comorbidity are probably associated with increased risk of LRTI, age &gt; 18 years and malignancy are probably associated with increased risk of mortality, and malignancy is probably associated with an increased risk of CCU admission. Many risk factors lacked sufficient evidence for meta-analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with comorbidities are at greater risk of severe rhinovirus illness. Our findings can inform clinical risk stratification and guide the development and targeted use of emerging therapies. Further comprehensive research is required to elucidate additional risk factors and strengthen the evidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147473578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain Agnostic Influenza Virus Propagation in a Serum-Free, Suspension-Adapted MDCK Cell Line","authors":"Jessica B. Huskey,&nbsp;Michelle L. Rock,&nbsp;Pooja V. Chaudhary,&nbsp;Emily C. Hill,&nbsp;Madeline E. Hoover,&nbsp;Nicole M. Rideout,&nbsp;Kamerin D. Dean,&nbsp;Thomas Scott Alderman,&nbsp;Phong Ho,&nbsp;M. Anthony Moody,&nbsp;Gregory D. Sempowski,&nbsp;Thomas H. Oguin III","doi":"10.1111/irv.70237","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70237","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The continuing circulation and evolution of seasonal influenza viruses remains a public health and socioeconomic threat on a global scale. Viral surveillance and vaccination of the public have been relied upon to confer and boost immunity in the population. Traditionally, influenza strains are propagated in embryonated chicken eggs, but this process remains imperfect and subject to genetic drift of the virus and a reliable source of eggs. Cell culture-based propagation of influenza virus has recently been commercialized, but this method has been difficult to adapt to lab settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were adapted to thrive in serum-free growth in suspension. The suspension MDCK (sMDCK) line was characterized by measuring replication and viability during routine passage and infection. Fifteen different influenza strains were propagated using this model and were assayed to determine hemagglutination and plaque forming units and compared to influenza strains grown in adherent cell culture. Microneutralization tests were also conducted to ensure each strain maintained the proper antigenicity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cell line was successfully adapted to serum-free growth in suspension. For each virus strain, the sMDCK platform successfully produced a virus stock in 1–3 days. Additionally, sMDCK progeny virus maintained its antigenicity based on neutralization assays.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This simple, scalable method was used to reliably propagate 15 influenza strains with the elimination of costly reagents and animal serum. The results are comparable to traditional methods, and the protocol presented in this work could be adapted to nearly any laboratory setting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147473642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “An Overview of the H5N1 mRNA Vaccine Pipeline”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/irv.70256","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70256","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Focosi, D.</span>, <span>Nicastri, E.</span> and <span>Maggi, F.</span> (<span>2025</span>), <span>An Overview of the H5N1 mRNA Vaccine Pipeline</span>. <i>Influenza Other Respi Viruses</i>, <span>19</span>: e70113. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70113.\u0000 </p><p>The affiliation of Dr. Maggi F. and Dr. Nicastri E. was incorrect. This should have read: “National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy”</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147473646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Epidemiology of Hospital-Associated SARS-CoV-2 Clusters in Hong Kong During a Period of Relaxed Visitation (May–August 2022)","authors":"Haogao Gu,&nbsp;Mengting Li,&nbsp;Ruixuan Wang,&nbsp;L. K. Lee,&nbsp;W. Y. Tam,&nbsp;Alex Y. M. Ho,&nbsp;Miranda C. Y. Yau,&nbsp;K. T. Yip,&nbsp;River C. W. Wong,&nbsp;Barry K. C. Wong,&nbsp;Kristine S. Luk,&nbsp;Jimmy Y. W. Lam,&nbsp;T. L. Que,&nbsp;Viola C. Y. Chow,&nbsp;Sandy K. Y. Chau,&nbsp;Sebastian Duchene,&nbsp;Gilman K. H. Siu,&nbsp;Leo L. M. Poon","doi":"10.1111/irv.70249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70249","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between May and August 2022, as Hong Kong shifted from a “zero-COVID” strategy towards relaxation, including relaxed hospital visitation, understanding SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial transmission dynamics was critical.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used genomic epidemiology to investigate hospital-associated infections between May 28 and August 18, 2022. A total of 162 viral genomes from 29 suspected clusters across 17 hospitals were sequenced and analyzed, covering more than half of all officially reported nosocomial infections during the period. Bayesian phylogeographic analysis for the dominant BA.2.2 lineage was used to infer the rate of community-to-hospital viral introductions. Generalized additive models (GAMs) then assessed the association between these inferred introduction rates and concurrently measured community and cross-border mobility indices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From the initial 29 suspected clusters, 18 nosocomial clusters involving 126 genomes across 13 hospitals were confirmed, representing 51.9% of the total reported nosocomial cases in that period. The dominant lineage was BA.2.2. Most clusters were consistent with single intraward transmission chains, and no evidence of interward spread was found. Bayesian analysis revealed ongoing community-to-hospital introductions with a rate that varied considerably over time. However, after accounting for this dominant temporal trend, GAMs found no statistically significant association between the daily rate of these introductions and any of the tested mobility indices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During periods of sustained community transmission, broad community mobility metrics may not directly predict the risk of SARS-CoV-2 introduction into hospitals. Robust hospital-level infection prevention and control measures, effective visitor screening, and integrated genomic surveillance remain paramount for mitigating nosocomial transmission, irrespective of general population movement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development of Global Genomic Surveillance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Insights From 25 Project Countries, 2019–2023","authors":"Obadiah Kenji,&nbsp;Fernando Motta,&nbsp;Thomas Williams,&nbsp;Nicole Wolter,&nbsp;Ian G. Barr,&nbsp;Clyde Dapat,&nbsp;Maria Zambon,&nbsp;Lucy Mosscrop,&nbsp;Mei Shang,&nbsp;Sergejs Nikisins,&nbsp;Siddhivinayak Hirve,&nbsp;Wenqing Zhang,&nbsp;the WHO RSV Surveillance Group","doi":"10.1111/irv.70195","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70195","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 2016 to 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) initiated a global RSV surveillance pilot program in 14 countries, expanding to 25 countries from 2019 to 2023. As part of this, a sequencing program was introduced to improve the understanding of RSV global genetic diversity prior to and following the introduction of interventions such as passive immunization, vaccines, and antivirals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All RSV sequence data submitted to GISAID by WHO project countries from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023, was analyzed to evaluate progress in sequencing, lineage distribution, and RSV fusion (F) protein diversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 2019 to 2023, 44,571 RSV sequences were submitted to GISAID, including 61% RSV-A and 39% RSV-B, with 34% being whole-genome sequences. WHO project countries contributed 13,280 sequences (30%), with submissions increasing from 158 in 2020 to 3716 in 2023. Median data submission time improved from 1116 days in 2020 to 206 days in 2023. The dominant lineage detected was <span>A.D</span>.1 (20%) for RSV-A and B.D.4.1.1 (29%) for RSV-B. The F protein sequences showed high amino acid conservation: 97% for RSV-A and 96% for RSV-B.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Substantial progress has been made in RSV genomic sequencing capacities in WHO project countries as seen by the increased submissions and improved timeliness of sequence data. RSV exhibited co-circulating lineages (RSV-A and RSV-B) with low F protein diversity. It is important to sustain and further strengthen RSV sequencing capacities in all WHO regions as part of the ongoing WHO Global Genomic Surveillance strategy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147463373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of RSV- and Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations With Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Other Acute Respiratory Infection Among Adults in Japan in 2022–2024: APSG-J2 Study","authors":"Haruka Maeda,&nbsp;Shingo Masuda,&nbsp;Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel,&nbsp;Yuka Fujita,&nbsp;Yuji Akiba,&nbsp;Yutaka Nishigaki,&nbsp;Kei Nakashima,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Ito,&nbsp;Masayuki Nogi,&nbsp;Yoshihito Otsuka,&nbsp;Masayuki Ishida,&nbsp;Eiji Takeuchi,&nbsp;Norichika Asoh,&nbsp;Toyomitsu Sawai,&nbsp;Koichi Hayakawa,&nbsp;Eileen M. Dunne,&nbsp;Claudia Schwarz,&nbsp;Bradford D. Gessner,&nbsp;Elizabeth Begier,&nbsp;Shuhei Ito,&nbsp;Ataru Igarashi,&nbsp;Shinobu Osanai,&nbsp;Konosuke Morimoto,&nbsp;Koya Ariyoshi,&nbsp;Adult Pneumonia Study Group-Japan 2 (APSG-J2)","doi":"10.1111/irv.70238","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70238","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Quantifying the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in adults is challenging compared to influenza, and data among older adults remain scarce in Japan. Country-specific evidence is essential to support RSV vaccination policy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This prospective, multicenter study (APSG-J2) targeted hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and other acute respiratory infections (ARI) in seven community hospitals across four catchment areas in Japan between September 2022 and August 2024. Respiratory samples were analyzed using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit to detect RSV and influenza. Incidence rates of RSV- and influenza-associated hospitalizations were estimated using study data and national statistics, stratified by age and region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 3047 hospitalized patients with CAP/ARI, 1499 (49.2%) underwent multiplex PCR testing. RSV and influenza were detected in 2.8% and 3.3% of tested patients, respectively. The incidences of RSV-associated CAP/ARI hospitalizations among adults aged ≥ 65 years were 29 and 36 per 100,000 person-years in the first and second years, respectively, with higher incidences among those aged ≥ 85 years (150 and 131 per 100,000 person-years). Influenza incidence increased markedly in the second year (from 11 to 71 per 100,000 person-years for adults age ≥ 65 years), possibly reflecting post-COVID-19 transmission changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this multicenter study, we estimated the incidence of RSV- and influenza-associated hospitalizations among adults in Japan. The findings indicated that the incidence increased with age, and influenza-associated hospitalizations increased in the second year. Continued surveillance is essential to accurately assess RSV burden in the adult population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147463339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptoms Associated With Detection of Viral Versus Bacterial Pathogens in Outpatients With Lower Respiratory Infections","authors":"Mark Ebell,&nbsp;Dan J. Merenstein,&nbsp;Bruce Barrett,&nbsp;Cassie Hulme,&nbsp;Sarah Walters,&nbsp;Caroline Hamer,&nbsp;Michelle Buhr","doi":"10.1111/irv.70229","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70229","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to identify symptoms that predict a high likelihood of viral infection, so these patients could be triaged for home care to avoid antibiotics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recruited adults presenting to US primary or urgent care sites with a chief complaint of cough and symptoms consistent with LRTI. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, and 46 viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens by PCR. Chi-square tests were done to evaluate the association between individual symptoms and viral versus bacterial infections. Symptoms with a <i>p</i> &lt; 0.10 for the association were retained for logistic regression. We created four regression models using stepwise backward elimination at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.20, with viral infection, bacterial infection, and mixed infection as the dependent variables. A simple risk score was created assigning positive and negative points for viral and bacterial symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We enrolled 718 adults with acute cough and obtained valid PCR specimens for 618. Four symptoms were significantly more likely with viral infections and less common in bacterial: coryza, confusion, fever, and chest congestion. Three symptoms were more likely with bacterial infections and less likely with viral infections: presence of sputum, sputum that is colored, and double-sickening (feeling better but then worsening). A simple risk score identified patients with a low (29%), moderate (56%), or high (79%) likelihood of having only viral pathogens detected.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seven symptoms were identified that could help primary care clinicians distinguish between viral and bacterial LRTI. A simple risk score is proposed but requires prospective validation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147463325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Reactive IgG Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Older Adults Following Seasonal Coronavirus Infection in Jiangsu, China (2015–2017)","authors":"Cheng Xiao,&nbsp;Nancy H. L. Leung,&nbsp;Shiman Ling,&nbsp;Xia Lin,&nbsp;Yuyun Chen,&nbsp;Yanmin Xie,&nbsp;Malik Peiris,&nbsp;Mark Zanin,&nbsp;Benjamin Cowling,&nbsp;Sook-San Wong","doi":"10.1111/irv.70250","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70250","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The extent of cross-reactive antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 elicited by seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) remains unclear. We analyzed longitudinal preinfection and postinfection IgG responses in 62 older adults with PCR-confirmed HCoV infections from sera collected prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. At baseline, 12.9% and 16.1% had low-titer antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) or nucleocapsid (N) proteins, respectively, but postinfection increases were marginal. Our findings suggest seasonal HCoV infections induce limited SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive antibodies in community-dwelling older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70250","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147456057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}