Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses最新文献

{"title":"Respiratory Diagnoses Year-Round: Unraveling the Multifaceted Pediatric Infection Cycles","authors":"Marcin Piotr Walkowiak,&nbsp;Jarosław Walkowiak,&nbsp;Dariusz Walkowiak","doi":"10.1111/irv.70037","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of the study is to analyze the annual cycle of pediatric medically attended respiratory illnesses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data on 141 million pediatric respiratory visits from the years 2010–2019 were obtained from the Polish National Healthcare Fund. To identify underlying patterns and trends within the aggregated data, techniques like seasonal-trend decomposition using LOESS (STL) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A strongly recurring pattern was observed. Following the annual minimum in late summer, there was a sudden surge in upper respiratory infections in early September. Subsequently, overall visits declined gradually, while the share of lower respiratory infections increased, particularly during the influenza peaks from January to March. Afterwards, visits declined steadily, with an additional peak of tonsillopharyngitis noted in midsummer. Dimensionality reduction of diagnoses implied the existence of two major groups of co-occurring diagnoses, the proportions of which change over the year: one smaller but more severe, peaking during the influenza season, and the second dominating with lower severity. Age differences in diagnoses were observed, with babies showing upper respiratory infections likely diagnosed with the common cold rather than a more specific upper respiratory infection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While enhancing surveillance strategies is indeed a desirable long-term goal, it is worth noting that despite the variability observed in the onset of the influenza season, the infection cycles generally follow a relatively fixed pattern. This consistency provides a foundation for effective planning and underscores the potential for proactive measures to mitigate the impact of seasonal outbreaks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Original Monovalent and Bivalent COVID-19 Vaccines Against COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization and Severe In-Hospital Outcomes Among Adults in the United States, September 2022–August 2023","authors":"Jennifer DeCuir,&nbsp;Diya Surie,&nbsp;Yuwei Zhu,&nbsp;Adam S. Lauring,&nbsp;Manjusha Gaglani,&nbsp;Tresa McNeal,&nbsp;Shekhar Ghamande,&nbsp;Ithan D. Peltan,&nbsp;Samuel M. Brown,&nbsp;Adit A. Ginde,&nbsp;Aimee Steinwand,&nbsp;Nicholas M. Mohr,&nbsp;Kevin W. Gibbs,&nbsp;David N. Hager,&nbsp;Harith Ali,&nbsp;Anne Frosch,&nbsp;Michelle N. Gong,&nbsp;Amira Mohamed,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Johnson,&nbsp;Vasisht Srinivasan,&nbsp;Jay S. Steingrub,&nbsp;Akram Khan,&nbsp;Laurence W. Busse,&nbsp;Abhijit Duggal,&nbsp;Jennifer G. Wilson,&nbsp;Nida Qadir,&nbsp;Steven Y. Chang,&nbsp;Christopher Mallow,&nbsp;Jennie H. Kwon,&nbsp;Matthew C. Exline,&nbsp;Nathan I. Shapiro,&nbsp;Cristie Columbus,&nbsp;Ivana A. Vaughn,&nbsp;Mayur Ramesh,&nbsp;Basmah Safdar,&nbsp;Jarrod M. Mosier,&nbsp;Jonathan D. Casey,&nbsp;H. Keipp Talbot,&nbsp;Todd W. Rice,&nbsp;Natasha Halasa,&nbsp;James D. Chappell,&nbsp;Carlos G. Grijalva,&nbsp;Adrienne Baughman,&nbsp;Kelsey N. Womack,&nbsp;Jillian P. Rhoads,&nbsp;Sydney A. Swan,&nbsp;Cassandra Johnson,&nbsp;Nathaniel Lewis,&nbsp;Sascha Ellington,&nbsp;Fatimah S. Dawood,&nbsp;Meredith McMorrow,&nbsp;Wesley H. Self,&nbsp;for the Investigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network","doi":"10.1111/irv.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assessments of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness are needed to monitor the protection provided by updated vaccines against severe COVID-19. We evaluated the effectiveness of original monovalent and bivalent (ancestral strain and Omicron BA.4/5) COVID-19 vaccination against COVID-19-associated hospitalization and severe in-hospital outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During September 8, 2022 to August 31, 2023, adults aged ≥ 18 years hospitalized with COVID-19-like illness were enrolled at 26 hospitals in 20 US states. Using a test-negative case–control design, we estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) with multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, admission date, and geographic region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 7028 patients, 2924 (41.6%) were COVID-19 case patients, and 4104 (58.4%) were control patients. Compared to unvaccinated patients, absolute VE against COVID-19-associated hospitalization was 6% (−7%–17%) for original monovalent doses only (median time since last dose [IQR] = 421 days [304–571]), 52% (39%–61%) for a bivalent dose received 7–89 days earlier, and 13% (−10%–31%) for a bivalent dose received 90–179 days earlier. Absolute VE against COVID-19-associated invasive mechanical ventilation or death was 51% (34%–63%) for original monovalent doses only, 61% (35%–77%) for a bivalent dose received 7–89 days earlier, and 50% (11%–71%) for a bivalent dose received 90–179 days earlier.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bivalent vaccination provided protection against COVID-19-associated hospitalization and severe in-hospital outcomes within 3 months of receipt, followed by a decline in protection to a level similar to that remaining from previous original monovalent vaccination by 3–6 months. These results underscore the benefit of remaining up to date with recommended COVID-19 vaccines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inno4Vac Workshop Report Part 1: Controlled Human Influenza Virus Infection Model (CHIVIM) Strain Selection and Immune Assays for CHIVIM Studies, November 2021, MHRA, UK","authors":"Joanna Waldock,&nbsp;Rebecca J. Cox,&nbsp;Christopher Chiu,&nbsp;Kanta Subbarao,&nbsp;Adrian Wildfire,&nbsp;Wendy Barclay,&nbsp;Puck B. van Kasteren,&nbsp;John McCauley,&nbsp;Colin A. Russell,&nbsp;Derek Smith,&nbsp;Ryan S. Thwaites,&nbsp;John S. Tregoning,&nbsp;Othmar G. Engelhardt","doi":"10.1111/irv.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Controlled human infection models (CHIMs) are a critical tool for the understanding of infectious disease progression, characterising immune responses to infection and rapid assessment of vaccines or drug treatments. There is increasing interest in using CHIMs for vaccine development and an obvious need for widely available and fit-for-purpose challenge agents. Inno4Vac is a large European consortium working towards accelerating and de-risking the development of new vaccines, including the development of CHIMs for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and <i>Clostridioides difficile</i>. This report (in two parts) summarises a workshop held at the MHRA in 2021, focused on how to select CHIM candidate strains of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) based on desirable virus characteristics and which immune assays would provide relevant information for assessing pre-existing and post-infection immune responses and defining correlates of protection. This manuscript (Part 1) summarises presentations and discussions centred around influenza CHIMs and immune assays (a second manuscript summarises RSV CHIM and immune assays: Inno4Vac workshop report Part 2: RSV CHIM strain selection and immune assays for RSV CHIM studies, November 2021, MHRA, UK).</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in COVID-19–Attributable Hospitalizations Among Adults With Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2—COVID-NET, June 2020 to September 2023","authors":"Christopher A. Taylor,&nbsp;Michael Whitaker,&nbsp;Monica E. Patton,&nbsp;Michael Melgar,&nbsp;Pam Daily Kirley,&nbsp;Breanna Kawasaki,&nbsp;Kimberly Yousey-Hindes,&nbsp;Kyle P. Openo,&nbsp;Patricia A. Ryan,&nbsp;Sue Kim,&nbsp;Kathryn Como-Sabetti,&nbsp;Dominic Solhtalab,&nbsp;Grant Barney,&nbsp;Brenda L. Tesini,&nbsp;Nancy E. Moran,&nbsp;Melissa Sutton,&nbsp;H. Keipp Talbot,&nbsp;Kristen Olsen,&nbsp;Fiona P. Havers","doi":"10.1111/irv.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospital admissions made interpretation of COVID-19 hospitalization data challenging as SARS-CoV-2–positive persons with mild or asymptomatic infection may be incorrectly identified as COVID-19–associated hospitalizations. The study objective is to estimate the proportion of hospitalizations likely attributable to COVID-19 among SARS-CoV-2–positive hospitalized patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A sample of laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2–positive hospitalizations from the COVID-19–Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) from June 2020 to September 2023 was analyzed, with a focus on July 2022 to September 2023. Likely COVID-19–attributable hospitalizations were defined as hospitalizations among SARS-CoV-2–positive non-pregnant adults ages ≥ 18 years with COVID-19–related presenting complaint, treatment, or discharge diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 44,816 sampled hospitalizations, 90% met the definition of likely COVID-19–attributable. Among the 9866 admissions occurring during July 2022 to September 2023, 86% were likely COVID-19–attributable; 87% had a COVID-19–related presenting complaint, 64% received steroids or COVID-19–related treatment, 47% had respiratory- and 10% had coagulopathy-related discharge diagnoses, and 39% had COVID-19 as the principal discharge diagnosis code. More than 70% met ≥ 2 criteria. Compared with likely COVID-19–attributable hospitalizations, SARS-CoV-2–positive patients who did not meet the case definition were more likely to be ages 18–49 years (27% vs. 13%), have no underlying medical conditions (14% vs. 4%), or be asymptomatic for COVID-19 upon admission (46% vs. 10%) (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most hospitalizations among SARS-CoV-2–positive adults in a recent period were likely attributable to COVID-19. COVID-19–attributable hospitalizations are less common among younger SARS-CoV-2–positive hospitalized adults but still account for nearly three quarters of all admissions among SARS-CoV-2–positive adults in this age group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Assessment of Economic and Clinical Outcomes in Thai Patients With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Across Age Groups: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis","authors":"Win Khaing,&nbsp;Chia Jie Tan,&nbsp;Chanthawat Patikorn,&nbsp;Chonnamet Techasaensiri,&nbsp;Oraluck Pattanaprateep,&nbsp;Teerapon Dhippayom,&nbsp;Jackrapong Bruminhent,&nbsp;Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk","doi":"10.1111/irv.70039","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory infections worldwide, including Thailand. This study aimed to assess clinical and economic burdens of RSV infections across different age groups in Thailand.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from a tertiary care hospital from 2014 to 2021. Patients who tested at least one positive RSV were included and stratified into five age groups (&lt; 2, 2–5, 5–18, 18–65, and &gt; 65 years). Healthcare resource utilization, direct medical costs, and clinical outcomes were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Generalized linear models with gamma distributions and log link were used to model cost outcomes. Costs were reported in 2021 US dollars (USD), with 1 USD = 31.98 Thai Baht.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 2122 RSV-positive patients were identified, half of which (1097) were hospitalized. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) total hospitalization costs ranged from USD780 (IQR: USD488–USD1185) in those &lt; 2 years to USD2231 (IQR: USD1250–USD4989) in those aged 65+ years. Case fatality rates among hospitalized patients also varied from 2.5% to 28.4% depending on age. Increased age, presence of comorbidities, and need for critical care were associated with higher hospitalization costs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among RSV-positive patients, younger children experienced the greatest burden, but poorer outcomes were observed in older adults. Higher costs were associated with older age, comorbidities and critical care needs. Understanding RSV economic burdens is crucial for assessing the cost-effectiveness and public health value of vaccination programs that prioritize at-risk groups to mitigate the public health impact.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Neurological Complications With Influenza in Vietnamese Children","authors":"Sy Duc Nguyen,&nbsp;Thi Huyen Trang Ngo,&nbsp;Thi Viet Ha Nguyen,&nbsp;Thien Hai Do","doi":"10.1111/irv.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Influenza is a common contagious respiratory virus that primarily causes respiratory tract infections. Neurological complications associated with influenza have also been reported, mainly in pediatric populations, and may be fatal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A descriptive study evaluated pediatric patients who were diagnosed with severe influenza-associated neurological complications at the Tropical Pediatrics Center—Vietnam National Children's Hospital from October 2022 to February 2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study involving 20 patients, 80% of children were under 5 years old; 70% of patients had a history of good health. All patients had not received an influenza vaccination within 12 months. The median time from onset to neurological symptoms was 1 day. The most common neurological complication was encephalitis (16/20 patients) with symptoms included altered consciousness and seizures. Most patients had elevated levels of ALT (60%), AST (90%), LDH (94%), and ferritin (69%) in serum. The imaging of brain damage on MRI and CT scans varied in patterns and locations. There was no difference in the timing of methylprednisolone treatment within and after 48 h. The mortality rate was 20%, with 45% of patients experiencing severe sequelae.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>IANCs are severe with damage to both white matter and central gray matter and can occur in healthy children, emphasizing the importance of vaccination to reduce the risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expansion of Laboratory Capacity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned and Future Strategies for Sustainability","authors":"John McCauley,&nbsp;Maria Van Kerkhove,&nbsp;Laith Jamal Abu Raddad,&nbsp;Luke Meredith,&nbsp;Richard Brennan,&nbsp;Abdinasir Abubakar,&nbsp;Amal Barakat","doi":"10.1111/irv.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70030","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems globally, necessitating a rapid and robust response from all sectors, from public health to commerce. A key effort in response was the need for a substantial expansion in laboratory testing and diagnosis to monitor the spread of the virus and to provide critical data to support effective public health measures. The scale of the threat drove research and innovation in laboratory diagnostics and genomic surveillance, enhancing testing capabilities and providing technological support to countries that previously did not have access to the key capabilities for rapid detection of pathogens that are necessary to prevent the next outbreak from becoming a pandemic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) comprises the Occupied Palestinian Territories and 21 member states: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. These countries have a diverse range of socio-economic and demographic conditions, and many are facing humanitarian crises caused by civil conflict and natural disasters. Despite these challenges, member states in the region, supported by national, regional, and international stakeholders, were able to mount variable but largely robust laboratory responses, increasing COVID-19 diagnostic and genomics capacity to covering 100% of the region [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. This special issue provides an insight into the challenges faced in this rapid scale-up of capacity, as well as the extraordinary efforts taken to overcome them during the pandemic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The key initiatives highlighted throughout this issue are now being redirected towards a sustainable laboratory network with the capacity to detect and respond to new and re-emerging pathogens that pose threats to public health in the region and globally, with the goal of preventing the next outbreak from becoming a pandemic. The investment in strengthening testing capacity, through molecular platforms such as PCR and genomics, that play a pivotal role in detecting and monitoring COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses, are now being expanded to include detection of priority pathogens with epidemic and pandemic potential such as other respiratory pathogens (e.g., MERS-CoV), arboviruses (e.g., dengue), and hemorrhagic fevers (e.g. CCHF), which periodically threaten the region. These capacities are being strengthened and sustained through the development of and investment in national and regional strategies to support genomic surveillance in the region, with efforts underway to establish steering committees and technical working groups to sustain, standardize and enhance genomic sequencing in the region [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;], as well as the continued expansion of quality assurance networks to ensure that laboratories continue to produce robust, reliable results to su","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virological and Clinical Outcomes of Influenza Outpatients Treated With Baloxavir, Oseltamivir, or Laninamivir in the 2023-2024 Season.","authors":"Takeyuki Goto, Naoki Kawai, Takuma Bando, Yoshio Takasaki, Shizuo Shindo, Tomonori Sato, Naoki Tani, Yong Chong, Hideyuki Ikematsu","doi":"10.1111/irv.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical data on patients infected with influenza B Victoria (BV) after the approval of baloxavir is lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational study of the Japanese 2023-2024 influenza season analyzed data from 25 outpatients with A(H1N1)pdm09, 36 with A(H3N2), and 65 with BV. Viral samples were collected before and after administering an antiviral (70 patients received baloxavir and 56 received a neuraminidase inhibitor), on days 1, 5, and 10. Isolated viruses after culturing were amplified using RT-PCR and sequenced to detect mutations of concern, including acidic protein (PA)-amino acid (AA) E23X/I38X for influenza A and M34X/I38X for BV. Fever and symptoms were tracked via self-reporting diaries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No PA-AA-substituted virus was detected from 126 pre-treatment samples. In the baloxavir cohort, one (7.1%, 1/14) PA I38F-substituted A(H1N1)pdm09 and two (11.1%, 2/18) PA I38T-substituted A(H3N2) viruses were isolated on day 5 but not on day 10. No (0%, 0/37) PA-AA-substituted BV was detected on day 5 or after. The virus isolation rate on day 5 was higher among patients with BV than with influenza A in both baloxavir (35.1% vs. 14.3% for A(H1N1)pdm09 and 16.7% for A(H3N2)) and oseltamivir-treated patients (44.4% vs. 0% for A(H1N1)pdm09 and 33.3% for A(H3N2)). Patients with PA-AA-substituted influenza A after baloxavir administration did not have longer fever duration than those without virus isolation or with wild-type virus on day 5, for both A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Baloxavir-resistant variants were not detected in influenza BV before treatment, as with A. The emergence of PA-AA-substituted influenza A after baloxavir administration was temporal and did not cause prolonged symptoms. No baloxavir-resistant BV variants were observed after baloxavir administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 11","pages":"e70042"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inpatient Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and Influenza in Children Younger Than 5 Years in Japan, 2011-2022: A Database Study.","authors":"Takeshi Arashiro, Rolf Kramer, Jing Jin, Munehide Kano, Fangyuan Wang, Isao Miyairi","doi":"10.1111/irv.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus are major viral etiologies of pediatric lower respiratory tract infection, but comparative data on inpatient burden are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a large-scale health claims database in Japan, we identified patients under 5 years of age with a confirmed RSV or influenza diagnosis as an outpatient or inpatient between 2011 and 2022. Hospitalization rate, inpatient characteristics, various in-hospital outcomes/complications, and healthcare resource utilization were described.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 176,911 RSV-confirmed outpatients, 153,383 influenza-confirmed outpatients, 90,413 RSV-confirmed hospitalizations, and 11,186 influenza-confirmed hospitalizations were identified. Among outpatients, 24.7% of RSV infection and 2.8% of influenza cases required hospitalization within 1 week. There was no co-morbidities/prematurity for 95.0% of RSV hospitalizations and 96.5% of influenza hospitalizations. Proportions of in-hospital outcomes/complications were (RSV infection vs. influenza): oxygen use 47.6% vs. 14.8%, mechanical ventilation 2.1% vs. 0.7%, pneumonia 33.6% vs. 12.8%, otitis media 7.7% vs. 2.3%, febrile seizure 1.5% vs. 34.4%, encephalitis/encephalopathy 0.1% vs. 0.5%, myocarditis < 0.1% vs. 0.6%, antibiotics prescription 48.0% vs. 24.4%. The mean inpatient stay was 6.1 vs. 4.3 days at direct medical costs of 435,744 vs. 315,809 JPY/patient. These trends held true in age-stratified data. In-hospital death occurred in 31 RSV infection and 6 influenza cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although both infections resulted in substantial burden, RSV infection led to more frequent hospitalizations, worse in-hospital outcomes, longer inpatient stays, higher medical costs, and more frequent antibiotics prescription compared to influenza. Most RSV hospitalizations occurred among healthy term children, emphasizing the need for prevention measures in all children.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 11","pages":"e70045"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological Barriers to Routine Genomic Surveillance for Vaccine Development Against SARS-CoV-2 in Africa: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Kimberly Cheryl Chido Konono, Keiko Msusa, Samuel Mpinganjira, Adidja Amani, Charles Nyagupe, Michael Ngigi","doi":"10.1111/irv.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data, a public-access database for sharing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 genomic sequencing data, has received significantly less data from African countries compared to the global total. Furthermore, the contribution of these data was infrequent and, for some countries, non-existent. The primary aim of this review is to identify the technological barriers to routine genomic surveillance in Africa. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for the relevant articles, and other eligible articles were identified from the reference list examination according to the PRISMA checklist. Eighty-four full-text articles were analysed for eligibility, and 49 published full-texted articles were included in the final qualitative analysis. The main technological barriers identified were limited genomic surveillance capacity, limited genomic sequencing infrastructure, lack of resources and skilled or trained scientists, and the high cost of importing, establishing, and maintaining a genomic sequencing facility. The Africa Pathogen Genomics Initiative aims to improve genomic surveillance capacity across Africa, through resources, training, education, infrastructure, and regional sequencing centres. Furthermore, collaborations between African governments and international partners or national, private, and academic institutions are imperative to sustain genomic surveillance in Africa, and investment in genomic sequencing and research and development is paramount. Longer turnaround times interfere with global viral evolution monitoring and national implementation of effective policies to reduce the burden and disease. Establishing effective genomic surveillance systems guides public health responses and vaccine development for diseases endemic in Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 11","pages":"e70047"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}