Epidemiological Shifts in Children Respiratory Pathogens in Shenzhen, China: A Comparative Analysis Before and After the Relaxation of COVID-19 Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions

IF 4.3 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI:10.1111/irv.70114

Heping Wang, Yuping Guo, Rongjun Wang, Zihao Liu, Li Li, Yuzheng Li, Yanmin Bao, Wenjian Wang

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Abstract

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated non-pharmaceutical interventions significantly altered the epidemiology of respiratory pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the prevalence and distribution of respiratory pathogens among children with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) before and after the relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions in Shenzhen, China.

Methods

This study enrolled hospitalized children with ARIs in Shenzhen Children's Hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic and those post-epidemic period. Demographic data of the patients enrolled were retrieved from the Shenzhen Children's Hospital electronic patient dossiers. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and detected for 11 pathogens, and epidemiological trends were analyzed by age, season, and pathogen distribution.

Results

A total of 40,174 children with ARIs were enrolled, including 14,816 during the COVID-19 epidemic and 25,358 in the post-epidemic period. Hospital admissions for ARIs increased by 71.2% in the post-epidemic period. The median age of patients rose from 27 to 47 months. Pathogen detection rates increased significantly from 59.3% during epidemic period to 73.0% in post-epidemic period (p < 0.001), with co-detection (≥ 2 pathogens) rising from 10.5% to 21.2%. The dominant pathogens shifted from HRV, RSV, and HPIV during COVID-19 epidemic to HRV, MP, and RSV in the post-epidemic. Notably, MP detection rates surged from 1.69% to 20.87%, while RSV and HPIV peaks were replaced by MP and HMPV in winter.

Conclusion

The relaxation of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions led to a significant rebound in ARIs among children, with altered pathogen dominance and increased co-detection.

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深圳市儿童呼吸道病原体的流行病学变化：放宽COVID-19非药物干预措施前后的比较分析

背景 COVID-19 大流行和相关的非药物干预措施极大地改变了呼吸道病原体的流行病学。本研究旨在评估中国深圳放宽 COVID-19 限制前后急性呼吸道感染（ARI）患儿中呼吸道病原体流行和分布的变化。方法本研究招募了在 COVID-19 流行期间和流行后在深圳市儿童医院住院的急性呼吸道感染患儿。研究对象的人口统计学数据来自深圳市儿童医院的电子病历。采集鼻咽拭子并检测 11 种病原体，按年龄、季节和病原体分布分析流行趋势。结果总共有 40,174 名儿童因患急性呼吸道感染而入院，其中 14,816 人在 COVID-19 流行期间入院，25,358 人在流行后入院。疫情过后，因患急性呼吸道感染而入院的人数增加了 71.2%。患者的中位年龄从 27 个月上升到 47 个月。病原体检出率从流行期间的59.3%大幅上升到流行后的73.0%（p < 0.001），同时检出（≥2种病原体）的比例从10.5%上升到21.2%。主要病原体从 COVID-19 流行期间的 HRV、RSV 和 HPIV 转变为流行后的 HRV、MP 和 RSV。值得注意的是，MP 的检出率从 1.69% 猛增至 20.87%，而冬季 RSV 和 HPIV 的检出高峰则被 MP 和 HMPV 所取代。结论 COVID-19 非药物干预措施的放松导致了儿童急性呼吸道感染的显著反弹，病原体的主导地位发生了改变，同时检出率也有所上升。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 医学-病毒学

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

4.50%

发文量

120

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is the official journal of the International Society of Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Diseases - an independent scientific professional society - dedicated to promoting the prevention, detection, treatment, and control of influenza and other respiratory virus diseases. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is an Open Access journal. Copyright on any research article published by Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is retained by the author(s). Authors grant Wiley a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.