Effects of K-12 School District Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Community-Level Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infection During the COVID-19 Pandemic

IF 4.2 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI:10.1111/irv.70139

C. He, M. D. Goss, D. Norton, G. Chen, A. Uzicanin, J. L. Temte

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, kindergarten through 12th grade schools implemented nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). The effects of school-based NPIs on broader community levels of acute respiratory infection (ARI) have not been defined. We utilized an existing longitudinal cohort of households reporting weekly ARI cases to evaluate the effects of evolving school districtwide NPIs on ARI activity at eight transition points from December 2019 through October 2022.

Methods

Household ARI data were reported through the GReat Oregon Child Absenteeism due to Respiratory Disease Study (ORCHARDS) Vaccine Effectiveness Study—a prospective cohort study based in the Oregon School District (OSD) (GROVES). Participating GROVES families completed weekly online surveys with respiratory illness updates. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to examine the association between eight school-related transition events during the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in the trajectory of ARI risk for GROVES family members, while accounting for family clusters. Transition events were assessed using a ±4-week window of community data.

Results

Opening schools with maximal NPIs (mandated masking and physical distancing, with hybrid education) was not associated with increased community ARI activity. The four transition events associated with significant ARI risk trajectory increases included summer breaks (June 2020, p = 0.001; June 2021, p = 0.002), and the start of school with mandatory masking only (September 2021, p < 0.001) or without NPIs (September 2022, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

School-based NPI implementation was associated with reduced risks for community ARI activity. Enhanced surveillance platforms such as the weekly online surveys used in this study are valuable tools for better understanding and monitoring SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory virus transmission in schools and surrounding communities.

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K-12学区非药物干预措施对COVID-19大流行期间社区急性呼吸道感染患病率的影响

为应对COVID-19大流行，幼儿园到12年级的学校实施了非药物干预措施（npi）。以学校为基础的npi对更广泛的社区急性呼吸道感染（ARI）水平的影响尚未确定。我们利用现有的家庭纵向队列，每周报告ARI病例，以评估2019年12月至2022年10月八个过渡点学区范围内不断变化的npi对ARI活动的影响。方法通过俄勒冈州呼吸系统疾病儿童缺勤研究（ORCHARDS）疫苗有效性研究（一项基于俄勒冈学区（GROVES）的前瞻性队列研究）报告家庭ARI数据。参与的格罗夫斯家庭完成了每周的呼吸道疾病更新在线调查。采用混合效应逻辑回归分析了COVID-19大流行期间8个与学校相关的过渡事件与GROVES家庭成员急性呼吸道感染风险轨迹变化之间的关联，同时考虑了家庭聚集性。使用±4周的社区数据窗口来评估过渡事件。结果开设npi最高的学校（强制遮蔽和保持身体距离，混合教育）与社区ARI活动增加无关。与ARI风险轨迹显著增加相关的四个过渡事件包括暑假(2020年6月，p = 0.001；2021年6月，p = 0.002)，以及只有强制性遮盖（2021年9月，p < 0.001）或没有npi（2022年9月，p < 0.001）的学校开学。结论：基于学校的NPI实施与社区ARI活动风险降低相关。加强监测平台，如本研究中使用的每周在线调查，是更好地了解和监测学校和周围社区中SARS-CoV-2和呼吸道病毒传播的宝贵工具。

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来源期刊

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 医学-病毒学

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

4.50%

发文量

120

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is the official journal of the International Society of Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Diseases - an independent scientific professional society - dedicated to promoting the prevention, detection, treatment, and control of influenza and other respiratory virus diseases. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is an Open Access journal. Copyright on any research article published by Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is retained by the author(s). Authors grant Wiley a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.