Indoor air最新文献

{"title":"Ceiling-Mounted CO2 Sensing: Effect of Location and Stratification Temperature","authors":"Tewe Heemstra,&nbsp;Marc van der Schans,&nbsp;Joanna Gibas,&nbsp;Jean-Paul M. G. Linnartz,&nbsp;Roger Delnoij","doi":"10.1155/2024/1840021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1840021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon dioxide is an important parameter for indoor air quality (IAQ) monitoring and demand controlled ventilation (DCV). Usually, CO₂ sensors are wall-mounted at 0.9–1.8 m (3–6 ft) height as prescribed by LEED, although ASHRAE standards seemed to relax this requirement. In this work, we investigate whether positioning these sensors in the ceiling is effective and advantageous. We studied CO₂-level measurements for HVAC control in configurations with mixing ventilation and found that CO₂ from human exhalations experiences buoyancy from several factors. We calculated buoyancy from air properties, and we introduced the notion of “<i>stratification temperature</i>” for exhaled air. By simulation, we test the sensitivity to temperature, and we conducted in situ in vivo measurements to acquire more detailed insights in the feasibility of ceiling sensor positions. <i>Buoyancy calculations</i> show that in exhaled air, the positive buoyancy of H₂O approximately compensates for the negative buoyancy of CO₂, so that thermal buoyancy is the most dominant factor. Exhaled air, containing CO₂ to be measured, will rise towards a ceiling that has a temperature below the stratification temperature. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of a small office space indicate that this can also be the case in the presence of air flows induced by a mechanical ventilation system. The <i>measurement results</i> support that using “<i>properly mounted</i>” CO₂ sensors in the ceiling gives lower variability in CO₂ measurements and faster response than wall-mounted sensors and yields slightly higher values than wall sensors. Our results highlight the need to update the standards and regulations for sensing CO₂ to include ceiling-mounted sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/1840021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Pursuit of Healthier Learning Environments: High-Altitude Classroom Ventilation","authors":"Carlos Avila,&nbsp;Paola Tapia,&nbsp;Ricardo Vallejo,&nbsp;Alvaro Avila,&nbsp;Edgar Rivera","doi":"10.1155/2024/2205311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2205311","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study addresses the critical issue of indoor air quality (IAQ) and pathogen transmission within enclosed spaces at high altitudes, focusing on university classrooms in Quito, an Andean city in South America. The aim is to establish safety thresholds for room occupancy and permissible durations of exposure, tailored to this unique environmental context. Through an experimental approach conducted at an elevation of 2900 m above sea level, various natural ventilation strategies were evaluated for their efficacy in mitigating pathogen transmission risks. The study employs the Concentration Decay Test Method to characterize air changes per hour (ACH) and utilizes the Bazant mathematical model to predict occupancy levels based on ventilation, dimensions of the room, respiratory activity, infectiousness rates, and other parameters. Findings highlight the significant impact of ventilation strategies on room occupancy. Notably, higher infectiousness rates and large exposure times drastically reduce permissible occupancy levels, underscoring the importance of effective ventilation in maintaining safety. This research contributes valuable insights for informed decision-making regarding classroom capacity and safety protocols in Andean higher education settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/2205311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Fatigue Under the Thermoneutral Environment in Buildings: Effects of the Constant and Altered Workload Sequences","authors":"Hui Zhu,&nbsp;Le Ma,&nbsp;Fan Zhang,&nbsp;Duo Yang,&nbsp;Masanari Ukai,&nbsp;Songtao Hu","doi":"10.1155/2024/2210991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2210991","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to explore the effects of constant and altered workload sequences on mental fatigue in a thermoneutral environment, experiments and surveys were carried out in this study. n-back tasks were used to design different workload sequences. Fifteen healthy right-handed males were required to experience three different workload sequences for 30 min, respectively, including a constant workload (2-back task) and 2 altered workload sequences that contained an elevating workload sequence (1-2-3-back tasks) and a reducing workload sequence (3-2-1-back tasks). The PANAS, VAS-F, and NASA-TLX scales were selected to investigate changes in the mood, the perceived fatigue, and the perceived workload. Meanwhile, the skin temperature during these three workload sequences was continuously collected. Results from the NASA-TLX scale indicated that no significant difference in total workload was observed among all three workload sequences. Meanwhile, results from the VAS-F scale showed that no significant changes in self-reported mental fatigue were observed among these three workload sequences, which meant that mental fatigue was only related to the total workload. However, self-reported “energy” from the VAS-F scale did not reduce significantly during the reducing workload sequence, which meant that the reducing workload sequence could conserve more “energy” than that of the elevating and constant workload sequences. Furthermore, both positive and negative moods changed significantly under the constant workload sequence (2-back task), but they did not show much changes under altered workloads, which meant that the altered workload sequence could attenuate the mood deterioration. What is more, the mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort, and the total workload increased significantly after both the constant workload and elevating workload sequence, but no significant changes in all these six items of the NASA-TLX scale were observed under the reducing workload sequence. Finally, the mean skin temperature under the constant workload sequence was lower than that under the altered workload sequences (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), but significant changes in skin temperature at the left hand and neck were only observed between the constant and reducing workload sequences. In conclusion, constant and altered workload sequences contributed equally to the mental fatigue in a thermoneutral environment, but the differences in workload sequence produced some differences in mood, energy, and mental demand, which would affect the working performance. Findings of this study provided implications for the proper planning, assignment, and management of tasks in real working settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/2210991","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Indoor Air Pollution Sources and Student’s Exposure Within School Classrooms: Using a Low-Cost Sensor and Source Apportionment Approach","authors":"Owain G. Rose,&nbsp;Dimitrios Bousiotis,&nbsp;Catrin Rathbone,&nbsp;Francis D. Pope","doi":"10.1155/2024/5544298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5544298","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Indoor air quality is becoming one of the most important factors for public health, as people tend to spend more time indoors, either at home or at work. This paper combines the use of calibrated low-cost particulate matter (PM) sensors with source apportionment algorithms to understand the factors that affect the indoor air quality within a typical UK school. Low-cost optical particle counter (OPC) sensors were placed in three different classrooms within the school, measuring PM concentrations during a typical school week and the subsequent holiday period, to understand the role of occupancy within schools for air quality. When students were in attendance during school hours (09:00–15:30), the classroom with the greatest average PM levels had PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ mass concentrations of 14.4 and 51.0 <i>μ</i>g/m³, respectively. During school hours, when students were present, all classrooms had average PM_2.5 concentrations greater than 8.1 <i>μ</i>g m⁻³ and average PM₁₀ concentrations greater than 13.1 <i>μ</i>g m⁻³. Notably, the English studies classroom exceeded the 24-h WHO ambient PM₁₀ guideline (45 <i>μ</i>g m⁻³). Employing the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm for source apportionment revealed that between 93% and 98% of PM₁ observed within classrooms derived from outdoor sources. This contribution diminished as particle size increased, with outdoor sources accounting for 74%–89% of PM_2.5, and 19%–40% of PM₁₀, respectively. The differences in classroom PM concentration and source percentages are attributed to differences in lesson activities, lesson frequency, flooring (carpeted versus hard flooring), location within the school, and proximity to outdoor sources such as roads. The approach described within the paper is easily translated to other indoor locations and could also be straightforwardly scaled due to its relatively low cost. Thereby, it allows for air quality management in locations crucial for the public health and educational outcomes of children.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5544298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor Radon and Its Health Risk Assessment in Iran: A Comprehensive Review Study","authors":"Fatemeh Yousefian,&nbsp;Zahra Nasiri,&nbsp;Maedeh Kordi,&nbsp;Yeganeh Gholami Marzi,&nbsp;Rouhullah Dehghani,&nbsp;Nezam Mirzaei,&nbsp;Hosna Janjani,&nbsp;Mina Aghaei,&nbsp;Zahra Aboosaedi","doi":"10.1155/2024/2300116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2300116","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding radon-prone areas is vital to prevent radon-related health problems, enhance public safety, and ensure adherence to regulations aimed at minimizing radon exposure. We conducted a comprehensive review of cross-sectional studies reporting on residential radon exposure in Iran. Our review encompassed studies published until February 13, 2022. Out of the 966 articles initially identified, 37 studies were included in our analysis, which measured indoor radon levels in a total of 3480 residential buildings in Iran. Notably, the highest residential radon levels (Bq.m⁻³) were found in Mazandaran province, with the most hazardous recorded levels in Talesh Mahalleh (3235), followed by Ramsar (1299). Conversely, Tehran, the capital city of Iran, had the lowest recorded levels of residential radon, at 11.0 Bq.m⁻³. Remarkably, indoor radon concentration exceeded both the reference levels recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the standard levels set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US.EPA), with approximately 51% and 26%, respectively. The mean effective doses received by Iranian residents were 5.0 mSv.y⁻¹ (0.3–81.7). Moreover, the mean excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) associated with indoor radon exposure was determined to be two per 1000 people. The annual incidence of lung cancer cases (LCCs) per million people attributed to indoor radon exposure in Iranian residential buildings ranged from 5.00E − 06 to 1.47E − 03. The included studies addressed a wide range of variables affecting radon levels, but they did not cover all factors comprehensively. These factors encompass the meteorological parameters, geological characteristics, building construction materials, building type, window type, occupancy information, and ventilation rates in enclosed spaces. The potential health risks associated with indoor radon exposure necessitate the implementation of effective control measures. These should include raising public awareness, revising construction regulations, enhancing ventilation systems, identifying high-risk areas, and conducting more comprehensive studies to better understand the factors that influence radon concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/2300116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment on the Personal Exposure Risk Associated With Real-Time Indoor PM2.5 in Different Microenvironments","authors":"Shuiping Dai,&nbsp;Yuhang He,&nbsp;Ni Zeng,&nbsp;Zhenglu Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/2236778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2236778","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cytotoxicity of PM_2.5 (fine particulate) derived from varying fuels burning in different microenvironments remains unclear. In this study, the toxicity of PM_2.5 collected from northern China in the winter on human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells was determined. The PM_2.5 from chunk coal (CC) combustion caused greater apoptosis (22.47%) than firewood (FW) burning (5.32%), while the effects on cell viability showed contrary patterns between FW (stimulation: 132.38%) and CC (inhibition: 87.05%). Furthermore, all the samples induced significant oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in cells. Intriguingly, PM_2.5 samples collected from FW burning upregulated the expression genes involved in pathways in cancer, whereas those from CC burning downregulated the levels. Accordingly, the health risks of different samples were assessed through a probabilistic model. The risk level of samples of CC burning from the living room (CC/L) was 0.752, followed by CC from the bedroom (CC/B, 0.736), and then CC from the kitchen (CC/K, 0.562), FW without a chimney (FW-C, 0.451), and FW with a chimney (FW+C, 0.446). Meanwhile, the survival curves established by gene expression indicated that PM_2.5 from FW might be positively correlated with cancer progression. This pilot investigation demonstrated that CC combustion in the living room posed the highest health risk, and improved cookstoves (with a chimney) markedly reduced the risk. This pilot study presents a novel model for assessing health risks associated with air pollution using the toxicology method and real-time PM_2.5 quantification.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/2236778","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Real-Time PM2.5 Between Rural and Urban Homes in Southwest China Based on Field Measurement: Insight Into the Cooking Activity Contribution","authors":"Wei Du,&nbsp;Ruijing Hu,&nbsp;Jinze Wang,&nbsp;Nan Fu,&nbsp;Ying Li,&nbsp;Nan Lin,&nbsp;Ming Yang,&nbsp;Bingyan Zhang,&nbsp;Yuanchen Chen,&nbsp;Ye Huang","doi":"10.1155/2024/8874231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8874231","url":null,"abstract":"<p>People generally spend most of their time indoors; thus, household air pollution (HAP), especially indoor air pollution, is of paramount importance. In this study, real-time particulate matter (PM_2.5) monitors were used to collect high temporal resolution concentrations of fine PM_2.5 in different microenvironments from 104 urban and rural households in Guizhou Province to investigate the urban–rural difference in HAP and the contribution of cooking activity to HAP. Results showed that PM_2.5 concentrations among different rural microenvironments varied largely, ranging from 26.10 ± 33.27 (mean ± standard deviation) in the bedroom to 69.20 ± 72.50 <i>μ</i>g/m³ in the kitchen while varying slightly across various urban microenvironments, ranging from 32.30 ± 17.5 in the living room to 34.65 ± 16.37 <i>μ</i>g/m³ in the kitchen. Cooking activity can rapidly increase PM_2.5 concentrations in the kitchen, whose peaks were at least five times higher than baseline levels. The contribution of cooking to the kitchen PM_2.5 was 18.43 ± 12.17% and 5.39 ± 4.15% in rural and urban homes, respectively. Biomass burning affected indoor PM_2.5 concentrations significantly, where rural households using biomass had the highest PM_2.5 levels than households burning other fuels. This study identified the urban–rural disparities in household PM_2.5 pollution and the contributions of cooking activities to HAP, illustrating the importance of cooking activities to indoor air pollution, which can assist in controlling indoor air pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/8874231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared Risk Volatile Organic Compounds Among Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Mediation Effects of System Inflammation","authors":"Mengya Xu,&nbsp;Wanlu Liu,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhu,&nbsp;Baihao Lin,&nbsp;Yuyu Zheng,&nbsp;Yansen Bai","doi":"10.1155/2024/9416325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9416325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are indoor and outdoor air pollution, but the VOCs that were shared across chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) remained unknown. Meanwhile, the mediating roles of system inflammation need to be further explored.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> This study included 9114 adults based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006 and 2011–2018. Internal exposure levels of 14 urinary metabolites of VOC (mVOCs), blood cell count–derived inflammatory biomarkers, and prevalent CRDs, including asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema, were assessed and collected. Associations of single- and multiple-mVOCs with CRDs were assessed by using logistic regression and quantile-based g-computation (QGcomp) methods to select the key and shared mVOCs among CRDs. Mediation effects of system inflammation on mVOC-CRD associations were further evaluated by causal mediation analysis.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Increased levels of total 14 mVOCs were associated with increased risk of chronic bronchitis (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.37–1.91), emphysema (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.27–2.35), and both conditions combined (defined as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD) (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.37–1.88), but not for asthma (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.94–1.21). In both single- and multiple-mVOC exposure models, 8 key mVOCs were COPD associated, including 6 mVOCs (34MHA, AMCC, CEMA, DHBMA, 3HPMA, and MHBMA3) and 5 mVOCs (34MHA, CYMA, 3HPMA, MA, and MHBMA3) that were associated with increased risk of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, respectively. Particularly, 34MHA, 3HPMA, and MHBMA3 were shared risk factors across chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and COPD. Neutrophils mediated the associations of three shared mVOCs with chronic bronchitis (by 5.20%, 7.80%, 6.30%), emphysema (by 6.90%, 9.30%, 9.70%), and COPD (by 5.80%, 8.90%, 7.70%).</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> These findings provide valuable insights into the shared risk mVOCs and mediating roles of neutrophils involved in the pathogenesis of CRDs, which can be useful in developing more effective prevention and intervention strategies for CRDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9416325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Indoor Airborne Bacteria in the Severe Cold Region in China: Genera, Levels, and the Influencing Factors of Concentration","authors":"Xiaojian Duan,&nbsp;Chao Shen,&nbsp;Guozheng Chen,&nbsp;Xi Deng,&nbsp;Phil Jones","doi":"10.1155/2024/8813703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8813703","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In regions experiencing severe cold, inadequate ventilation during winter months often leads to increased concentrations of indoor pollutants. While there have been several studies on indoor particulate matter and inorganic pollutants in such regions, bioaerosol pollution has not been as extensively investigated. This study examines the indoor bioaerosol situation in a university located in one of the severe cold regions in China, focusing on bacteria as a representative pollutant. It investigated random samples of an office and a dormitory (including washrooms) and spanned heating and nonheating periods. The findings indicated that bacterial abundance in the dormitory and office was approximately equivalent. The predominant airborne bacterial communities identified were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, and Myxococcota. Opening windows effectively reduced bacterial concentrations during both heating and nonheating periods. When windows remained closed, bacterial concentrations exceeded the standard by 9.1% during the nonheating period and by 14.3% during the heating period. Furthermore, temperature and relative humidity influenced bacterial particle size, activity, and consequently, aerosol concentrations. In the office, the highest percentage of bioaerosols was observed in particle sizes &lt;1.1 and 1.1–2.1 <i>μ</i>m, with smaller percentages observed in other particle sizes. Conversely, the percentage of particle sizes 2.1–3.3 <i>μ</i>m in the dormitory was higher. The highest bacterial aerosol concentrations were detected in the morning in both the dormitory and office, during heating and nonheating periods. Bacterial concentrations in the office were lower on weekends than on weekdays, whereas in the dormitory, concentrations were higher on weekends than on weekdays. The above results indicate that indoor bacterial aerosol pollution is serious in winter in severe cold regions, which needs more attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/8813703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142160185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Resident Activity and Their Impact on Environmental Parameters in Residential Apartments: Case Study and Implications for Design and Management","authors":"Xiaodong Wang,&nbsp;Yang Lv,&nbsp;Wenjian Luo,&nbsp;Xianghao Duan","doi":"10.1155/2024/4404849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4404849","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the quest to optimize residential environments for health and sustainability, understanding the interaction between pedestrian dynamics and environmental parameters is crucial. This study delves into this intersection by conducting a detailed spatial-temporal analysis within an apartment building. The research reveals pivotal insights about the relationship between pedestrian flow and environmental quality. Key findings reveal distinct patterns in pedestrian traffic, with two main peaks in early morning and late evening, accounting for approximately 24% of daily movement. The study identifies a pronounced preference for upward elevator use, reflecting residents’ lifestyle and floor-level choices. Importantly, we observed variable correlations between pedestrian flow and environmental pollutants. Pollutants like PM_2.5 and carbon monoxide exhibited weak correlations, while noise, TVOC, formaldehyde, and ozone showed stronger associations with human movement. The research uncovered significant spatial differences in pollutant levels across the building, with higher particulate matter and ozone levels in the seventh-floor elevator room. The data suggest a need for tailored pollution management strategies, especially for noise and hazardous compounds like formaldehyde and ozone, which exceed safety limits in certain areas. Our findings offer critical insights for the design and management of residential environments, emphasizing the importance of considering both pedestrian flow and environmental factors in optimizing living spaces for health and efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/4404849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}