Indoor air最新文献

{"title":"Unseen Dangers: Indoor Air Pollution via Textiles: Sources, Dynamics, Pathways, Standards, and Mitigation Strategies—A Review","authors":"Vinod Kadam,&nbsp;Sunita Boruah,&nbsp;Varun Goud,&nbsp;Chirag R. Gajjar","doi":"10.1155/ina/6684206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/6684206","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Residential indoor air quality (IAQ) frameworks traditionally focus on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from building materials, cooking emissions, and outdoor penetration. However, the role of postconsumer textiles remains largely understudied. Indoor textiles represent a continuous, dynamic source of secondary indoor pollutants, including microfibers and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) that have yet to be comprehensively quantified. This review systematically maps indoor textile-derived pollutants, consolidating fragmented literature spanning textiles, IAQ, transport dynamics, threshold limits, and public health to evaluate sources, pathways, standards, and mitigation strategies. A systematic evaluation of peer-reviewed literature published was conducted across major academic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar). The synthesis identifies three dominant pollutant categories: (1) physical particulate matter (PM), including airborne natural and synthetic microfibers that contribute significantly to localized PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ burdens; (2) chemical off-gassing, such as VOCs and SVOCs (e.g., formaldehyde, plasticizers, flame retardants, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances [PFAs]); and (3) dynamic sorption impurities. Kinetic interactions, such as human movement, garment folding, and mechanical laundering, accelerate particle shedding and alter the phases of pollutant distribution. The analysis highlights severe gaps in global IAQ standards, which currently lack explicit limits or metrics for airborne microplastics and postconsumer textile chemical accumulation. Overall, textiles represent an invisible, unregulated, and continuously evolving threat to residential and occupational health. This review establishes a comprehensive baseline for exposure pathways, evaluates emerging mitigation strategies, and outlines critical future research required to formalize global indoor textile emission standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/6684206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) in Contemporary UK Offices: A Comparative Study of Indoor Environmental Quality and Occupant Perceptions","authors":"Jacob Dunn,&nbsp;Ayomikun Solomon Adewumi","doi":"10.1155/ina/1292643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/1292643","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Health and well-being in the built environment are increasingly important because employees spend most waking hours in offices. Sick building syndrome describes situations in which occupants experience nonspecific symptoms linked to time spent indoors. Understanding the prevalence of SBS in contemporary UK offices is essential for effective indoor environmental quality management. This study investigates two office buildings of different ages in London and Kent in the United Kingdom to identify patterns of user-reported SBS symptoms and associated environmental conditions. Guided by pragmatism, the research adopted a mixed-method design combining a structured occupant questionnaire with a comparative case study of the selected offices. The survey captured self-reported SBS symptoms, perceived indoor environmental quality and workplace satisfaction, while the case studies examined ventilation, lighting and maintenance practices. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to compare the two settings and to explore factors influencing symptom occurrence. Findings reveal a higher prevalence of cumulative symptoms in Building A and a greater overall symptom frequency than in Building B. Fatigue was the most prevalent symptom, followed by headaches and eye irritation. Participants identified light as a contributor to comfort, while ventilation and temperature were concerns; improved ventilation, daylight protection and clearer guidance are recommended to reduce SBS risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/1292643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A CO2–Radon–Microbiome Triad for Operational IAQ Diagnostics in a Retrofitted Kindergarten","authors":"Mateja Dovjak,&nbsp;So Fujiyoshi,&nbsp;Fumito Maruyama,&nbsp;Janja Vaupotič","doi":"10.1155/ina/6302015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/6302015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents a multi-metric IAQ assessment approach in a thermally retrofitted kindergarten with a hybrid ventilation system. Continuous monitoring of CO₂ and Rn, and surface microbiome sampling, compose an efficient CO₂–radon–microbiome triad of indicators. This triad enables a comprehensive assessment of IAQ throughout the entire daily cycle by linking pre-occupancy conditions, occupancy-related loads and surface-associated microbial accumulation. Compared with conventional single-parameter approaches, it provides a time-resolved perspective on IAQ dynamics. During pre-occupancy hours, Rn accumulation was observed due to inactive ventilation, with morning concentrations reaching about 400 Bq m⁻³. During occupancy hours, CO₂ concentrations frequently exceeded recommended thresholds, with episodic peaks surpassing 1900 ppm. Surface microbiome sampling reveals long-term microbial accumulation on indoor surfaces and ventilation system filters. The overlap among filter, surface and outdoor microbiomes suggests that clogged or microbially laden filtration systems can act as reservoirs, potentially influencing the microbial composition of the surrounding environment. These findings identify critical exposure periods that are often not captured in conventional IAQ assessments and support evidence-based maintenance planning, including filter replacement intervals.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/6302015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraoperative Airborne Contamination in Operating Rooms: A Multiparametric Analysis Integrating Culture-Based Microbiology, Metagenomic Sequencing, Particle Counts, and Procedural Determinants","authors":"Luca Lanzoni,&nbsp;Paola Antonioli,&nbsp;Diana Campioni,&nbsp;Luna Girolamini,&nbsp;Laura Caligaris,&nbsp;Carlo Derelitto,&nbsp;Caterina Bonincontro,&nbsp;Angelo Michilli,&nbsp;Cristian Bassi,&nbsp;Silvia Sabbioni,&nbsp;Enkelejda Kucaj,&nbsp;Theo Zaffagnini,&nbsp;Sandra Cristino","doi":"10.1155/ina/3993736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/3993736","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Airborne microbial contamination and particulate matter in operating rooms (ORs) contribute to the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs). However, few studies have integrated culture-based approaches with MALDI-TOF MS identification and metagenomic NGS during real surgical activity. This study combines microbiological, molecular, particulate, and procedural data to provide a multifactorial view of intraoperative contamination dynamics. This study aimed at characterizing airborne microbiota, particulate matter, and key procedural determinants of contamination in ORs. Forty-two surgical procedures across three specialties were monitored. Airborne microorganisms were isolated using culture-based methods and identified with the MALDI Biotyper, whereas the OR airbiome was assessed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Airborne particle concentrations (≥ 0.5 and ≥5 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;m), microclimatic parameters, staff presence, door openings, electrosurgical use, and procedural order were recorded. Statistical analyses included Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis tests with Dunn′s post hoc comparisons, Kendall′s &lt;i&gt;τ&lt;/i&gt; and Spearman′s &lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt; correlations, and rank-based effect sizes. Airborne microbial contamination was low in both ISO 5 and ISO 7 rooms (mean 14.02 ± 6.88 CFU/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;), with a predominance of skin-associated taxa. Culture-based methods detected viable, fast-growing species, whereas NGS revealed additional environmental, slow-growing, and anaerobic taxa, including clinically significant bacteria and yeasts such as &lt;i&gt;Cutibacterium acnes&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;acnes&lt;/i&gt;), &lt;i&gt;Finegoldia magna&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;magna&lt;/i&gt;), and &lt;i&gt;Malassezia restricta&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;M. restricta&lt;/i&gt;). Cross-method concordance was weak to moderate (Spearman&lt;sup&gt;′&lt;/sup&gt;s &lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt; = 0.35; Kendall&lt;sup&gt;′&lt;/sup&gt;s &lt;i&gt;τ&lt;/i&gt; = 0.24), indicating complementary detection. Median particle concentrations were significantly higher in ISO 7 than in ISO 5 ORs. In ISO 7 rooms, particle loads varied by specialty and tended to be higher during open procedures. Integrated analyses showed a decoupling of microbial and particulate contamination in ISO 5 rooms, whereas ISO 7 rooms exhibited more interconnected contamination dynamics, with significant associations between electrosurgical device use and airborne microbial contamination (&lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt; = 0.45, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.025), between fine (≥ 0.5 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;m) and coarse (≥ 5 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;m) particle concentrations (&lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt; = 0.65, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), and an inverse association between procedure order and staff count (&lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt; = −0.66, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Integrating culture-based and molecular techniques may provide a more comprehensive characterization of the airborne microbiota in ORs. The findings suggest that ISO 5 laminar-flow systems are associated with more stable airborne contamination patterns, whereas ISO 7 rooms exhibit greater interactions between airborne contamination and procedural variables. Incorporating molecular profiling and particle met","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/3993736","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Household Cooking Fuel Type and Circadian Syndrome Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: The First Longitudinal Evidence From CHARLS","authors":"Xiaobing Xian,&nbsp;Zhenxue Yuan,&nbsp;Shiwei Cao,&nbsp;Yandi Fu,&nbsp;Yujie Mei,&nbsp;Kun Shen,&nbsp;Qian Wang","doi":"10.1155/ina/8379883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/8379883","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Indoor air pollution from household cooking fuel combustion constitutes a major environmental risk factor threatening global health. Nevertheless, the association between the utilization of household cooking fuel and circadian syndrome (CircS) remains unclear among middle-aged and older populations in China. This study was aimed at investigating the association between household cooking fuel type and CircS. Using prospective data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a total of 1907 middle-aged and older adults were included in the analysis. Binary logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the association between household cooking fuel type and CircS. Furthermore, subgroup, interaction, mediation, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess potential effect modification, explore underlying pathways, and examine the robustness of the findings. The results showed that, compared with clean fuels, exposure to solid fuel among middle-aged and older adults was significantly associated with a lower incidence of CircS (OR = 0.656, 95% CI, 0.502–0.857). Upon further stratification of solid fuels, we discovered that participants using crop residues and wood combustion had a significantly reduced incidence of CircS (OR = 0.656, 95% CI, 0.496–0.869). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the association between household cooking fuel and CircS was only statistically significant in specific subgroups of middle-aged and older adults, including males, those aged ≥ 60 years, and married individuals (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Results of mediation analysis indicated that triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, diastolic blood pressure, and systolic blood pressure mediated 6.95%, 22.92%, 10.63%, and 9.59% of the effect of household cooking fuel on CircS, respectively. Fasting blood glucose masked 2.53% of the impact of the use of solid fuel on CircS. These findings illuminate novel trajectories for the prompt detection and targeted mitigation of CircS and furnish robust empirical support for advancing public health inquiry and precision-oriented health governance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/8379883","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mixed Methods Study to Determine the Sources and Impact of Indoor Air Pollution in Patients With Chronic Respiratory Disease","authors":"Eleanor Holt,&nbsp;Agnieszka Ignatowicz,&nbsp;Jeeveththaa Thirugnanasambanthar,&nbsp;Oluwaseun Sontan,&nbsp;Tun Zan Maung,&nbsp;Adam Milsom,&nbsp;Christian Pfrang,&nbsp;Alice M. Turner","doi":"10.1155/ina/9607097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/9607097","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Patients with chronic respiratory diseases are significantly affected by indoor air pollution, yet their understanding of specific exposures and mitigation methods remains limited. This mixed methods study explored the perceptions of COPD and asthma patients regarding indoor air quality and practical improvement strategies through interviews with 14 participants and an online survey with 332 respondents. Both patient groups expressed an awareness of indoor air quality concerns and linked pollutants such as dust, mould, animal hair and cleaning products to respiratory symptoms like breathlessness and coughing. Survey data revealed that 90% of participants associated poor indoor air quality with chest-related symptoms, and 84% with coughing. Both groups highlighted the impact of environmental conditions, such as seasonal changes and humidity, on symptom severity. When addressing indoor air quality, participants consistently highlighted window opening as their primary method of ventilation, with 89% of survey respondents employing this strategy. Interviewees similarly emphasised opening windows or using extractor fans to reduce pollutant levels, particularly during activities like cooking. The survey further revealed that while more than half of respondents used extractor fans in kitchens, only 26% employed air purifiers. Financial barriers were a significant constraint, with 43% of survey participants citing cost as a key reason for not purchasing or operating air purifiers. Interviewees echoed these concerns, emphasised affordable, low-cost solutions over high-tech interventions and reflected a preference for accessible, practical strategies in managing indoor air quality. Although participants demonstrated general awareness that poor IAQ is associated with respiratory symptoms, this understanding was not always consistently applied to specific environmental triggers. This suggests a need for clearer, targeted guidance within self-management approaches to support patients in identifying and reducing exposure to indoor pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/9607097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respirable Asbestiform Serpentines in Outdoor and Indoor Air Near an Active Serpentinite Quarry","authors":"Andrzej Obmiński,&nbsp;Janusz Janeczek,&nbsp;Filip Chyliński,&nbsp;Arkadiusz Krzątała,&nbsp;Tomasz Krzykawski","doi":"10.1155/ina/9468276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/9468276","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The excavation and processing of serpentinites release asbestos and asbestiform fibers into outdoor and indoor air near quarries. In this study, concentrations of respirable asbestiform antigorite and chrysotile in indoor and outdoor air in a village near a serpentinite quarry and processing plants in southwestern Poland were investigated. Serpentinite-hosted antigorite and chrysotile veins, serpentinite aggregate, and topsoil were examined as potential sources of the airborne respirable asbestiform particles. The study combines mineralogical characterization (PLM, SEM/EDX, XRD, Raman, FTIR) with environmental sampling to determine the relationship between emitter distance and respirable fiber concentration, comparing outdoor air with indoor air. Current fiber concentrations are compared with both historical data and respirable asbestos concentrations in buildings containing asbestos materials in various conditions and upon their improper removal. Outdoor respirable fiber concentrations were inversely related to the distance from the quarry and processing plants, ranging from 10,700–24,900 f/m³ at the entrance to the quarry to below the scanning electron microscopy detection limit (≤ 159 f/m³) about 1.5 km away. Indoor respirable fiber concentrations varied among rooms regardless of the distance from the quarry and processing plants. The highest concentrations of 11,540 f/m³ was recorded in the grocery shop some 300 m from the quarry and processing plants, in which similarly high concentrations were observed over 30 years ago. Even if serpentinites do not contain a significant amount of regulated asbestos, they may contain abundant elongated antigorite crystals and fibrolamellar antigorite, which upon mechanical disruption may turn into airborne respirable asbestiform particles.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/9468276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact Assessment of Different Passive Retrofit Strategies on the Indoor Air Temperature in a Residential Building","authors":"Muhammad Osama Aziz,&nbsp;Muhammad Aashan,&nbsp;Naveed Ahmad,&nbsp;Muhammad Azhar,&nbsp;Muhammad Abbas,&nbsp;Zahid Ullah,&nbsp;Giambattista Gruosso","doi":"10.1155/ina/6728280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/6728280","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluates the thermal performance of a single-storey building under baseline and passive retrofit scenarios using dynamic simulations in IES-VE. The base case, which consisted of uninsulated masonry walls, reinforced concrete roof and single glazing, amounted to a sum of 10,261 comfort hours over five zones, or 23.4% of annual hours (8760 h) per zone in the 18°C–26°C range, which corresponds to poor thermal resilience. Eight retrofit strategies are considered, such as insulation in walls and roofs, reflective coating and glazing upgrades. Effects of single measures achieved little benefit, the comfort hours increasing to 10,536 (+2.7%) with wall insulation and 10,947 (+6.7%) with roof insulation, while glazing-only retrofits had a negative performance. The best is a combination of reflective coating and wall and roof insulation, which amounted to 11,162 comfort hours (+8.8%), followed by coating and insulation with double glazing, with 10,968 (+6.9%). Zone-specific analysis found that reflective coating and roof insulation were the most effective in reducing summer overheating in the South and West. In contrast, wall insulation and glazing were found to be mainly beneficial in enhancing winter comfort in the North and East zones. The results show that the cumulative comfort hours contributed by integrated passive retrofits in different zones are more than 900 h compared with the baseline, which proves that integrated passive retrofits can be effective as low-cost measures to improve resilience and energy efficiency in hot-arid climates.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/6728280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing Sick Building Syndrome in Student Houses: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Indoor Air Quality–Related Symptoms","authors":"Yong Yu,&nbsp;Filippo Michele Fieramonte,&nbsp;Gaetano Settimo,&nbsp;Stefano Capolongo,&nbsp;Gabriele Pelicciotta,&nbsp;Carlo Signorelli,&nbsp;Marco Gola","doi":"10.1155/ina/6508644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/6508644","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a key determinant of health in enclosed environments, and it plays a relevant role in the onset of symptoms associated with sick building syndrome (SBS). In particular, student houses warrant particular attention, given that their environmental conditions are strictly controlled by the facility management through dedicated operational activities. Starting from an analysis of two facilities in Milan with continuous monitoring of air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentration, particulate matters (PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;), and tVOC concentration, a cross-sectional observational study was developed on environmental parameters and users′ symptoms. This study is aimed at evaluating the prevalence of SBS-compatible symptoms among student residents and at analyzing their potential associations with monitored indoor environmental parameters.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methodology&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The study conducted IAQ monitoring activities and surveys on users′ perception in seven fieldwork periods between May 2024 and June 2025. About 30 low-cost sensors were deployed in each period in many rooms with different floor levels and orientations, as well as qualitative questionnaires that collected users′ perceptions of IAQ-related symptoms, behaviors, occupancy, window openings, and so forth to support data interpretation.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results and Discussion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The analysis permitted to investigate 51 rooms for each monitoring period and to obtain in total 74 questionnaires, of which the paper examines 27 specific environmental units, that showed a stronger concordance between symptoms and IAQ anomalies. The measurements revealed temperatures frequently above comfort thresholds, relative humidity often below the comfort range, and PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations consistently exceeding reference values, while CO₂ levels generally showed acceptable limits. Meanwhile, the most frequently reported symptoms included sneezing, mucosal dryness or sore throat, headache, cough, and nasal congestion. In general, specific environmental deviations corresponded to the types of symptoms reported by occupants.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The findings emphasize an association between altered IAQ and SBS-compatible symptoms and point to the value of combining environmental measurements with occupant perception data, though the observational design of the study does not allow for causal conclusions. Consequently, continuous monitoring su","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/6508644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor Moldy Odor Exposure and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis Based on CLHLS Dataset in China","authors":"Ye Zhang,&nbsp;Zeyuan Chen,&nbsp;Guoqi Xiao,&nbsp;Sanjib Saha","doi":"10.1155/ina/3652817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/3652817","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Environmental factors such as air pollution have been linked to cognitive function decline. Indoor moldy odor, a common air quality issue, may exacerbate cognitive deterioration in older adults via behavioral and physiological mechanisms. This study systematically examined the association between indoor moldy odor exposure and cognitive function among older adults in China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were obtained from three waves of the nationally representative survey of China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey between 2011/12–2018. Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to measure cognitive function. Random-effects panel Tobit model was used to estimate the association between indoor moldy odor and cognitive function. To address potential endogeneity, housing water leakage/damage was used as an instrumental variable, together with other robustness checks. Subgroup analysis was conducted to explore the heterogeneity of the association.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Indoor moldy odor exposure was associated with poorer cognitive function (Coef. = −0.508). This association remains robust when the outcome variable is recoded and when the sample is restricted. Instrumental variable regression further confirmed the robustness after addressing potential endogeneity and implicated the role of housing water leakage. Subgroup analyses revealed a statistically negative association in females, individuals with lower education, and rural residents. But the subgroup difference did not reach statistical significance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Indoor moldy odor was associated with cognitive impairment among elderly populations, highlighting the importance of public health policies targeting indoor air quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/3652817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}