Numerical Simulation on the Transmission Risk of SARS-CoV-2 During a Typical Elevator Ride

IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
Indoor air Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI:10.1155/ina/7436897
Hongyu Wu, Hui An, Simon Ching Man Yu
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Abstract

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, several cases of infection associated with elevator rides have been reported. To systematically assess the risk of droplet transmission in an elevator, this study employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) together with a modified stochastic dose–response model to quantify the infection risk for occupants. Simulation is conducted during a 2-min elevator ride for two individuals facing each other, without considering mask-wearing. Various factors such as ventilation outlet position, ventilation rates, air temperature, relative humidity, ventilation techniques, breathing patterns, and body types have been analyzed in order to assess the inhalation risks for occupants. Their infection probabilities for different viral strains are also considered. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the top-to-bottom ventilation approach. Nasal breathing has risk-reducing benefits, and ventilation rates of 30–50 air changes per hour (ACH) play an important role in reducing the risk of infection. Moreover, the study further reveals that air curtain systems outperform side ventilation. Temperature, relative humidity, the infected individual’s breathing behavior, and the body types between infected and exposed individuals are shown to exert various degrees of influence on droplet transmission.

Abstract Image

典型电梯乘坐过程中SARS-CoV-2传播风险的数值模拟
在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,已经报告了几例与乘坐电梯有关的感染病例。为了系统地评估电梯内飞沫传播的风险,本研究采用计算流体动力学(CFD)和改进的随机剂量-反应模型来量化乘员的感染风险。模拟是在两个人面对面乘坐电梯2分钟的情况下进行的,不考虑戴口罩的情况。为了评估居住者的吸入风险,分析了各种因素,如通风出口位置、通风量、空气温度、相对湿度、通风技术、呼吸方式和体型。还考虑了它们在不同病毒株下的感染概率。研究结果强调了自上而下通风方法的有效性。鼻呼吸具有降低风险的益处,每小时换气30-50次的通气率(ACH)在降低感染风险方面发挥着重要作用。此外,研究进一步表明,空气幕系统优于侧通风。温度、相对湿度、感染个体的呼吸行为以及感染个体与暴露个体之间的身体类型对飞沫传播有不同程度的影响。
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来源期刊
Indoor air
Indoor air 环境科学-工程:环境
CiteScore
10.80
自引率
10.30%
发文量
175
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The quality of the environment within buildings is a topic of major importance for public health. Indoor Air provides a location for reporting original research results in the broad area defined by the indoor environment of non-industrial buildings. An international journal with multidisciplinary content, Indoor Air publishes papers reflecting the broad categories of interest in this field: health effects; thermal comfort; monitoring and modelling; source characterization; ventilation and other environmental control techniques. The research results present the basic information to allow designers, building owners, and operators to provide a healthy and comfortable environment for building occupants, as well as giving medical practitioners information on how to deal with illnesses related to the indoor environment.
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