Indoor air最新文献

{"title":"The Inherent Instability of Environmental Parameters Governing Indoor Air Quality on Board Ships and the Use of Temporal Trends to Identify Pollution Sources","authors":"O. Schalm, G. Carro, W. Jacobs, B. Lazarov, M. Stranger","doi":"10.1155/2023/7940661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7940661","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor air quality on board a 36-year-old ship has been characterized at several locations. The ship is dedicated to nearshore operations at the Belgian coast. This paper presents time-averaged and continuous-time measurements of several indoor pollutant concentrations such as NO2, O3, NO, CO, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10, black carbon, and individual organic compounds. Time-averaged measurements suggest that the ship’s indoor air quality is sufficiently safe according to the prescribed occupational and nonoccupational health limits. However, the concentration of some indoor pollutants is comparable to that of the outdoor air of a large city such as Brussels, Belgium. Continuous-time analyses show that the temporal trends of indoor pollutant concentrations are inherently unstable. A large number of peaks or valleys are observed on a slowly fluctuating background. At some occasions, pollutant concentrations exceed the nonoccupational thresholds. Several pollutant peaks occur simultaneously, resulting in a pattern of peaks that is typical for a pollution source (e.g., exhaust gases entering the ship’s castle through the ventilation inlet, human presence, and bunkering). This study illustrates that multiparameter monitoring campaigns give valuable information about the behaviour of pollution sources, facilitating the definition of mitigation actions.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84072504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Indoor Carbon Dioxide Reduction by Plants and Health Effects","authors":"K. Chuang, Chien-Yu Lee, Sen-Te Wang, I-Jung Liu, H. Chuang, K. Ho","doi":"10.1155/2023/1558047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1558047","url":null,"abstract":"Residents and workers exposure to high carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in buildings may cause headache, dyspnea, fatigue, or drowsiness. However, the effect of plants on in-building CO2 reduction and adverse effect relief is largely unknown. We recruited 36 healthy participants from an office room with plants and 32 healthy participants from another office room without plant in the same office building in Taipei. The participants in the office room with plants during 2020 would move to the office room without plant in 2021. The twelve repeated measurements per year of CO2, fine particles (PM2.5), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), blood pressure (BP), serum CO2 (TCO2), and four rating questions of headache, dyspnea, fatigue, and drowsiness were obtained for each participant. The statistical results showed that levels of drowsiness and systolic BP were significantly lower among participants in the office room with plants compared to those in the office room without plants by \u0000 \u0000 t\u0000 \u0000 -test and paired \u0000 \u0000 t\u0000 \u0000 -test. The associations between increased indoor CO2 and increased serum CO2 were observed in the office room with plants (1.32%) and without plant (4.52%) by mixed-effects models. Also, the associations between indoor CO2 and drowsiness were observed in office rooms (with plants: 14.57%; without plant: 3.82%). The conclusion of the present study is that plants in office environment can reduce CO2 levels and may lower CO2-related health effects.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86700484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water-Soluble Ions and Heavy Metal Levels, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk of Indoor Dust in the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang, China","authors":"Xiaoyi Ma, D. Xia, Guobing Zhang, Peiyuan Chen, Xinying Liu, Hui Liu, Wanfu Wang, H. Zhan, Yixiao Zhang, Qiao Yu","doi":"10.1155/2023/4818195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4818195","url":null,"abstract":"The direct ingestion of indoor dust particles at historical heritage sites is a primary exposure pathway for employees to heavy metals. Water-soluble ions (WSIs) and heavy metal levels, sources, bioaccessibility, and health risks associated with indoor dust in the Mogao Grottoes were analyzed using comprehensive methods to determine the differences in the concentrations and distribution characteristics of WSIs and heavy metals between statue dust and floor dust. The concentrations of WSIs and heavy metals and the magnetic values of \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 χ\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 lf\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 and SIRM in indoor dust were higher than those in street dust and topsoil. The mean \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 χ\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 lf\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 and SIRM of statue dust particles were \u0000 \u0000 100.3\u0000 ×\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 10\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 −\u0000 8\u0000 \u0000 \u0000  \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 m\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 3\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 k\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 g\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 −\u0000 1\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 and \u0000 \u0000 1686.9\u0000 ×\u0000 1\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 0\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 −\u0000 5\u0000 \u0000 \u0000  \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Am\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 2\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 k\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 g\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 −\u0000 1\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 . Specifically, the concentration of Pb was \u0000 \u0000 277\u0000  \u0000 mg\u0000  \u0000 k\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 g\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 −\u0000 1\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 , 15-fold higher than the background value, indicating the continual receipt of heavy metals with high magnetic minerals during dust deposition. WSIs mainly originate from the weathering of surrounding rocks and earthen plaster; Pb originates from the shedding of paint of murals and sculptures; and Zn, Cu, and magnetic minerals originate from traffic sources. The bioaccessibility of heavy metals is high in the gastrointestinal phases of indoor dust. Overall, the health risks posed by heavy metals in indoor dust were low, with moderate to high risks in individual caves. Ingestion presents the highest noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risk to employees. These results provide essential knowledge on indoor dust characteristics in the Mogao Grottoes, facilitating strategies for dust pollution mitigation and employee health risk control.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81617920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air Pollution in South Texas: A Short Communication of Health Risks and Implications","authors":"Sai Deepak Pinakana, Esmeralda Mendez, Ismaila Ibrahim, Md. Salahuddin Majumder, Amit U. Raysoni","doi":"10.3390/air1020008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/air1020008","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution is a major public health concern. The region of South Texas in the United States has experienced high levels of air pollution in recent years due to an increase in population, cross-border trade between the U.S.A. and Mexico, and high vehicular activity. This review assesses the relationships between human health and air pollution in South Texas. A thorough scientific search was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, and ProQuest, with most of the literature focusing on the source apportionment of particulate matter that is 2.5 microns or less in width (PM2.5), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), Black Carbon (BC), and associated health risks for children and pregnant women. Findings from the source apportionment studies suggest the role of industries, automobiles emissions, agricultural burning, construction work, and unpaved roads in the overall deterioration of air quality and deleterious health effects, such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. This review demonstrates the pressing need for more air pollution and health effects studies in this region, especially the Brownsville–Harlingen–McAllen metropolitan area.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79333743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Increasing Indoor Negative Air Ions on Cognitive Performance and Health of High Pure CO2 Level-Exposed College Students","authors":"Miao Guo, Wei Yu, Yuqi Sun, Lexiang Wang, Haixia Zhou, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2023/8298339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8298339","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive performance is essential to foster learning. High CO2 concentrations are common in classrooms and can lead to reduced cognitive performance. Negative air ions (NAIs) can improve cognitive performance. This study explored the effects of indoor NAIs on the cognitive performance and health of college students exposed to a high pure CO2 environment. Forty college students were exposed to four sets of conditions (NAIs+500 ppm CO2, 500 ppm CO2, NAIs+2500 ppm CO2, and 2500 ppm CO2). Participants’ cognitive performance, including reasoning, short-term memory, concentration, and verbal ability, was assessed under each condition using the Cambridge Brain Sciences tool. Acute health symptoms were investigated using a subjective questionnaire, and simultaneously, participants’ blood pressure, heart rate, and lung function were tested. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a repeated-measures design was used to analyze the effects of different conditions on cognitive performance and health symptoms. The results revealed that the different levels of CO2 and NAIs had a significant effect on cognitive performance after one hour of exposure and had no significant effect after three hours of exposure. Compared with 500 ppm CO2, 500 ppm CO2+NAIs resulted in better reasoning skills, short-term memory, and verbal skills, and 2500 ppm CO2 led to poorer reasoning skills. The addition of NAIs to 2500 ppm CO2 improved reasoning skills, short-term memory, and verbal skills. The benefits of adding NAIs to high pure CO2 condition on cognitive performance are more noticeable than those to low CO2 condition. Moreover, adding NAIs can reduce nasal irritation or dryness, skin irritation or dryness, sleepiness symptoms, and heart rate elevation caused by pure CO2. However, the benefits of NAIs on health symptoms and physiology were not observed under the 500 ppm CO2 condition. Adding NAIs to a high pure CO2 level is an effective means to improve the cognitive performance and health of college students.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76457068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Particulate Matter in Dental Clinics: The Effectiveness of Different Air Purifiers and the Central Ventilation System","authors":"M. Kermenidou, E. Koulaouzidou, V. Chasoglou, O. Anesti, K. Tolidis, S. Karakitsios, D. Sarigiannis","doi":"10.1155/2023/7258634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7258634","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to measure the number and concentration of airborne particulates occurring in a dental clinic while performing dental procedures, with and without the simultaneous use of air purifier systems and a central ventilation system. The initial background concentrations of airborne particulates recorded during dental procedures, i.e., grinding of natural teeth and metals, without the use of air purifier systems, and with closed windows, reduced by 68% for ΡΜ10, 77% for ΡΜ2.5, and 81% for ΡΜ1 when the same procedures were carried out with the simultaneous use of air purifying systems. In addition, measurements taken during patient treatment showed that an operating central ventilation system contributes to the reduction of airborne particles by a significant 94% for ΡΜ10, 94% for ΡΜ2.5, and 88% for ΡΜ1 compared to dental procedures performed without the simultaneous use of air purifiers. Air purifying systems were also observed to contribute to the further reduction of airborne particulates when dental procedures were performed in combination with an operating central ventilation system. The majority of particles captured had diameters of 0.25-0.30 μm, 0.5 μm, and 1.0-4.0 μm, while particles with diameters of >5.0 μm were the least commonly observed in all experiments. Finally, a statistically significant difference between concentrations of particulate matter was recorded during dental procedures carried out with and without the simultaneous operation of air purifiers and central ventilation system increasing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 virus contamination in dental clinics due to the aerosols emitted by the use of common dental instruments during standard treatments.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88725778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air—A New Open Access Journal","authors":"L. Wong","doi":"10.3390/air1010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/air1010007","url":null,"abstract":"Air (ISSN 2813-4168) is a new peer-reviewed, international, open access online academic journal for scientists in different disciplines related to air’s composition and impacts [...]","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74041875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Greenhouse Gas Crisis and the Logistic Growth Curve","authors":"S. Kolmes","doi":"10.3390/air1010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/air1010006","url":null,"abstract":"The greatest challenge of the coming century will be the consequences of an imbalanced atmosphere. Currently, projections of global heating due to an increasingly imbalanced atmosphere are dire, but they underestimate the near-term heating impacts of the growing concentrations of methane. Industrially mediated carbon capture and storage sometimes gets raised as a promising solution on the CO2 front, but it is presently commercially inviable. Despite these facts, we nonetheless need to act globally to reduce the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, although our increasingly separate information ecosystems make finding a way to express the reality of the atmospheric imbalance crisis to a wide audience daunting. One approach to presenting the atmospheric imbalances leading to global heating is to strip the discussion down initially to its bare bones with a sharp focus on the variables of the logistic growth equation. Although virtually anything can be politicized, the logistic growth equation’s variables are at least apolitical in their origin. After examining those variables, we can proceed to focus on density-dependent mortality factors (DDMFs) and their relationship to visible climatic changes driven by atmospheric imbalances. Both the Global North and the Global South need to do all that we do to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gas accumulation, reducing DDMFs, while paying careful attention to Indigenous rights and to the need for global gender equity, so that our efforts to control DDMFs do not produce a new expression of colonialism.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85322869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Design of a Personal Liquid Cooling Vest for Improving the Thermal Comfort of Pilots Working in Hot Environments","authors":"Jingxian Xu, Guilin Chen, Xinxin Wang, Zhong Chen, Jinjin Wang, Yehu Lu","doi":"10.1155/2023/6666182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6666182","url":null,"abstract":"Wearing a liquid cooling garment (LCG) that offers near-zone cooling improves the thermal comfort of pilots working in hot environments. Four LCG samples with different arrangements of tubes for distributing liquid were developed. Based on the analysis of the overall and local cooling efficiency of the four LCG samples using manikin tests, another novel LCG with a horizontal-vertical combined tube was proposed to achieve optimal cooling performance. Human trials were conducted to check the novel LCG for improving the thermal comfort of pilots in a hot indoor environment (40°C, 40% RH). The mean skin temperature of the subjects wearing the novel LCG was reduced by 1.9°C in the 120-minute-duration flying simulation work compared to the no-cooling scenario, and the greatest decrease in skin temperature (i.e., 5.7°C) was exhibited at the back waist. The thermal sensation at the upper body was improved to nearly neutral, and the heat stress level was reduced from moderate to slightly. The findings provide a guideline for designing personal LCG, thus benefiting the comfort and safety of pilots in hot cockpits.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89520659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attached Smoking Room Is a Source of PM2.5 in Adjacent Nonsmoking Areas","authors":"W. Du, Jinze Wang, Yuanchen Chen, Bo Pan, G. Shen, N. Lin","doi":"10.1155/2023/7290742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7290742","url":null,"abstract":"The smoking ban is not working in some entertainment venues in China. PM2.5 pollution induced by cigarette smoking in these places is still unknown. In this study, we took mahjong clubs as target places, monitored the real-time PM2.5 concentration, and recorded on-site inspection information to investigate the PM2.5 pollution characteristics induced by cigarette smoking. In occupied and smoking rooms, the geomean and median values of PM2.5 concentration were 276 and 347 μg/m3. The number of smoking persons in room is the dominant factor to enhance PM2.5 levels. For each additional person smoking in the room, PM2.5 increased by 32% (95% CI: 31%, 33%). Regarding adjacent nonsmoking rooms, PM2.5 increased due to the air penetration from smoking rooms and the increase trend usually had a lag time of 20 minutes. The geomean values of PM2.5 concentrations were 109 μg/m3 in the nonsmoking and occupied rooms and 148 μg/m3 in the vacant rooms. To close the door of the room is the most effective measure to alleviate the PM2.5 penetration. The geomean values of 24-hour and annual average excess exposure concentration if spending 5 hours/day and 2 days/week in mahjong club were 32.1 and 9.2 μg/m3, respectively; both exceeded the World Health Organization’s air quality guidelines, 15 and 5 μg/m3, respectively. Our results revealed severe PM2.5 pollution and exposure risk by cigarette smoking in entertainment venues, as well as the penetration effect on adjacent nonsmoking areas. The smoking bans should be strictly enforced in entertainment venues, and the setting of smoking areas in indoor public places should be scientific to avoid diffusion into nonsmoking areas.","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85278993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}