Adam Polakovič;Pavol Lipovský;Katarína Draganová;Miroslav Šmelko
{"title":"Experimental Use of the LiDAR Timing Circuit for Magnetometers Working With Time Conversion","authors":"Adam Polakovič;Pavol Lipovský;Katarína Draganová;Miroslav Šmelko","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3541325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3541325","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the ongoing research at our department in the field of magnetometers is the development of a compact modular magnetometric system operating with amorphous strips and microwires, used as a core. The motivation is in the long-term research, development, and testing of magnetometers with different types of control and processing electronics. The research has led over the years to the development of two types of fluxgate magnetometers. First of them is the VEMA magnetometer developed and realized by the researchers at the Faculty of Aeronautics in cooperation with the EDIS vvd. Company. The second one, considering the current trend of reducing dimensions and power consumption to increase the performance of sensor systems, considers the use of the microwires as the core of the magnetometer due to their small size, low power consumption, and good sensing properties. Both types of magnetometric systems work with the conversion of the magnetic field measurement to the time measurement. For the accurate time measurement in our experiments, the TDC7200 (time to digital converter) circuit designed for the LiDAR with the resolution of 55 ps has been used to measure the relaxation time and the time difference of our magnetometric systems. This article presents the results that were achieved during the experiments aimed at the testing of the accuracy and noise of the created devices.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 6","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on a Novel Concentrated-Winding and Unequal Tooth Linear Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine","authors":"Mingjie Wang;Pengcheng Li;Yanyan Li;Wanying Jia;Zhiwei Chen;Jie Wu","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3540840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3540840","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a novel concentrated-winding and equal tooth structure linear permanent magnet vernier machine (ET-LPMVM) is developed to facilitate coils embedded in the armature while maintaining performance equivalent to the conventional linear permanent magnet vernier machine (C-LPMVM). The electromagnetic parameters of ET-LPMVM, such as no-load air-gap flux density, no-load back electromotive force (EMF), inductance, and thrust, are compared and analyzed with C-LPMVM. The electromagnetic performance of ET-LPMVM is verified by a semi-analytical method and FEM, and the results of both methods are basically the same. To further enhance the machine’s performance, a novel unequal tooth linear permanent magnet vernier machine (UNET-LPMVM) is proposed based on the ET-LPMVM. The unequal tooth structure is employed to enhance the back EMF and thrust density, and the thrust improvement mechanism of the proposed machine is analyzed by the Maxwell stress tensor (MST) method. Minimum thrust ripple and high thrust are obtained by optimizing the key parameters of the proposed machine. Compared with ET-LPMVM and C-LPMVM, the average thrust of the proposed UNET-LPMVM is 36.43% and 28.73% higher than the ET-LPMVM and C-LPMVM, respectively. Furthermore, the thrust ripple of the proposed machine is reduced from 18.84% to 2.96%. The analysis results show that the proposed UNET-LPMVM has a better flux modulation effect and thrust characteristics.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 4","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synergetic Optimization Based on Doubly Salient Pole-Changing Machine for Torque Ripple Reduction","authors":"Wenjie Wu;Mingyuan Jiang;Shuangxia Niu","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3540271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3540271","url":null,"abstract":"In order to achieve the objective of simultaneously reducing the torque ripple in different operating states, a synergetic optimization based on the double salient pole-changing machine is proposed. The key of this method is that make the theoretical analysis about the specific impact of torque ripple based on different parts of the proposed machine. This step can help to determine the main parameters that require to be optimized for torque ripple, and then, the surrogate model is built to represent the relationship between the parameters and torque ripple. Besides, the multi-objective optimization algorithm is applied to achieve the best torque ripple in different operating states. Finally, the optimized scheme is selected according to the optimization method and make the simulation to verify its effectiveness through the finite element analysis method.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Analysis of a Pole-Changing Machine With Multi-Auxiliary-Teeth Structure","authors":"Wenjie Wu;Mingyuan Jiang;Shuangxia Niu","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3540266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3540266","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a multi-auxiliary-teeth pole-changing machine based on zero-sequence current. Through changing the direction of the zero-sequence current, the excitation flux field is varied and weakened to improve its flux-weakening ability. For this proposed machine, its torque and flux-weakening ability are closely related to the number of the auxiliary teeth. In this article, the performance about the multi-auxiliary-teeth structure is analyzed based on flux modulation theory in detail. Moreover, the proposed machines with the different auxiliary teeth are simulated by finite element analysis (FEA) method and further compared. According to the comparison results, the best scheme is determined with the relatively high torque and flux-weakening ability simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analytical Calculation of 3-D Rotor Eddy Current Loss in High-Speed Permanent Magnet Motors Considering the Multi-Layer Rotor Structure","authors":"Qicheng Dai;Xiao Liu;Shoudao Huang","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3538877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3538877","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an analytical method to calculate 3-D rotor eddy current loss (RECL) in high-speed permanent magnet motors (HSPMSMs) by correcting each harmonic loss component of 2-D RECL. First, a 3-D analytical model of a multi-layer rotor, accounting for the armature reaction field, is established based on the equivalent current sheet. The 3-D governing equation is derived in stationary coordinate, and stator current is periodically extended in the axial direction. The end factors for correcting each time-spatial harmonic RECL are derived as the ratio of the RECLs for infinite and finite rotor lengths. To account for the influence of slotting effect and the magnetic field induced by the permanent magnet (PM), 3-D RECL is obtained by correcting the series formed 2-D RECL calculated using an accurate subdomain model. The accuracy of the proposed method is then verified through finite element analysis (FEA) at different motor sizes and frequencies. Finally, a rotor-locked test is carried out on an HSPMSM prototype, validating the effectiveness of the proposed analytical method.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 4","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zuhair Abbas;Jun-Hyeok Heo;Ikhlaq Ahmad;Jun-Kyu Kang;Jin Hur
{"title":"3-D FE Analysis of Magnet Segmentation for Optimizing Thrust Force and Eddy Current Loss of Arc Linear Servo Motor","authors":"Zuhair Abbas;Jun-Hyeok Heo;Ikhlaq Ahmad;Jun-Kyu Kang;Jin Hur","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3521042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3521042","url":null,"abstract":"When employing high-magnetic co-energy sintered NdFeB magnets, permanent magnet linear synchronous machines (PMLSMs) exhibit several advantages over traditional induction and direct current machines, including greater thrust capability and efficiency. However, during operation at high frequencies, significant eddy current losses in the permanent magnet (PM) can result in elevated temperatures, increasing the risk of irreversible demagnetization. This issue is further compounded by the large air gap in such machines, making the thrust force a critical factor for ensuring efficient performance. A complete magnet segmentation (CMS) can be an effective method for reducing the PM eddy current losses, but it reduces the thrust characteristics and mechanical robustness of the PMLSM. Therefore, a partial magnet segmentation (PMS), namely, single-side PMS (SSPMS), is studied for the new arc-structured PMLSM to optimize the eddy current loss and thrust force. A comparison between the initial PM, CMS, and SSPMS is performed using the Ansys Maxwell 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) tool. The results demonstrate that the SSPMS configuration significantly reduces PM eddy current loss while maintaining the same thrust force. Moreover, it offers superior mechanical robustness and lower manufacturing costs compared to the conventional CMS.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 2","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10865832","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Magnetics Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3533336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3533336","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 2","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10865806","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on the Overload Protection Characteristics of Rapid Disconnect Permanent Magnet Eddy Current Friction Torque Limiter","authors":"Yuting Wang;Kou Ziming;Hong Zhang;Qianyi Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3534464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3534464","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a new type of high-power rapid disconnect permanent magnet (PM) eddy current friction torque limiter (RDPMEFTL) in response to the existing situation of the friction torque limiter’s short life and poor reliability for overload protection devices for coal mine machinery. The RDPMEFTL’s basic principle is to combine the permanent magnetic eddy current transmission mechanism with friction clutch and to use the permanent magnetic eddy current structure to control the friction torque limiter’s opening and closing in order to achieve the transmission system’s overload protection. First, the basic structure and working principle of the PM friction torque limiter are described, and then, a 2-D analytical model of the slotted PM drive structure is given based on the subdomain method, and the distributions of its air-gap magnetic field and conductor currents are investigated. Then, we obtain the characteristics of the changes of its electromagnetic axial force and torque with the slip and air gap. Second, the electromagnetic–mechanical coupling model of the whole drive system was established by combining the Karnopp friction model with the electromagnetic model, and the dynamics and electromagnetic response of the starting, overloading, and stopping processes were analyzed. Compared with the dry friction torque limiter, the RDPMEFTL will effectively improve the reliability and service life of the drive system, reduce the corresponding downtime maintenance work, and increase the productivity. Finally, tests were conducted with a small prototype and the test results were compared with the results of the analytical solution and 3-D finite element analysis, and they were basically consistent.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 3","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143496535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}