Biological Reviews最新文献

{"title":"The expression of empathy in human's closest relatives, bonobos and chimpanzees: current and future directions","authors":"Jake S. Brooker,&nbsp;Christine E. Webb,&nbsp;Frans B. M. de Waal,&nbsp;Zanna Clay","doi":"10.1111/brv.13080","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Empathy is a complex, multi-dimensional capacity that facilitates the sharing and understanding of others' emotions. As our closest living relatives, bonobos (<i>Pan paniscus</i>) and chimpanzees (<i>P. troglodytes</i>) provide an opportunity to explore the origins of hominin social cognition, including empathy. Despite certain assumptions that bonobos and chimpanzees may differ empathically, these species appear to overlap considerably in certain socio-emotional responses related to empathy. However, few studies have systematically tested for species variation in <i>Pan</i> empathic or socio-emotional tendencies. To address this, we synthesise the growing literature on <i>Pan</i> empathy to inform our understanding of the selection pressures that may underlie the evolution of hominin empathy, and its expression in our last common ancestor. As bonobos and chimpanzees show overlaps in their expression of complex socio-emotional phenomena such as empathy, we propose that group comparisons may be as or more meaningful than species comparisons when it comes to understanding the evolutionary pressures for such behaviour. Furthermore, key differences, such as how humans and <i>Pan</i> communicate, appear to distinguish how we experience empathy compared to our closest living relatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/brv.13080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of larvae in temnospondyls and the stepwise origin of amphibian metamorphosis","authors":"Rainer R. Schoch,&nbsp;Florian Witzmann","doi":"10.1111/brv.13084","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The question of what the ancient life cycle of tetrapods was like forms a key component in understanding the origin of land vertebrates. The existence of distinct larval forms, as exemplified by many lissamphibians, and their transformation into adults is an important aspect in this field. The temnospondyls, the largest clade of Palaeozoic–Mesozoic non-amniote tetrapods, covered a wide ecomorphological range from fully aquatic to terrestrial taxa. In various species, rich ontogenetic data have accumulated over the past 130 years, permitting the study of early phases of temnospondyl development. In temnospondyls, eight ontogenetic phases have been identified in which the skeleton formed. In branchiosaurids and the eryopiform <i>Sclerocephalus</i>, large parts of the ossification sequence are now known. Most taxa in which small specimens are preserved had aquatic larvae with external gills that superficially resemble larval salamanders. In the edopoids, dvinosaurs, and eryopiforms, the larvae developed slowly, with incompletely ossified axial and appendicular skeletons, but possessed a fast-developing dermal skull with strong teeth. Irrespective of adult terrestriality or a fully aquatic life, there was no drastic transformation during later ontogeny, but a slow and steady acquisition of adult features. In dissorophoids, the limbs developed at a much faster pace, whereas skull formation was slowed down, especially in the amphibamiforms, and culminating in the neotenic Branchiosauridae. In the zatracheid <i>Acanthostomatops</i>, slow but profound transformation led to a fully terrestrial adult. The basal dissorophoid <i>Stegops</i> retained rapid development of dermal skull bones and established a fully dentigerous, strongly ossified palate early. In <i>Micromelerpeton</i>, formation of the last skull bones was slightly delayed and metamorphosis remained a long and steady phase of morphological transformations. In amphibamiforms, metamorphosis became more drastic, with an increasing number of events packed into a short phase of ontogeny. This is exemplified by <i>Apateon</i>, <i>Platyrhinops</i>, and <i>Amphibamus</i> in which this condensation was maximised. We distinguish three different types of metamorphosis (morphological, ecological and drastic) that evolved cumulatively in early tetrapods and within temnospondyls.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/brv.13084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree post-drought recovery: scenarios, regulatory mechanisms and ways to improve","authors":"Ilya E. Zlobin","doi":"10.1111/brv.13083","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13083","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Efficient post-drought recovery of growth and assimilation enables a plant to return to its undisturbed state and functioning. Unlike annual plants, trees suffer not only from the current drought, but also from cumulative impacts of consecutive water stresses which cause adverse legacy effects on survival and performance. This review provides an integrated assessment of ecological, physiological and molecular evidence on the recovery of growth and photosynthesis in trees, with a view to informing the breeding of trees with a better ability to recover from water stress. Suppression of recovery processes can result not only from stress damage but also from a controlled downshift of recovery as part of tree acclimation to water-limited conditions. In the latter case, recovery processes could potentially be activated by turning off the controlling mechanisms, but several obstacles make this unlikely. Tree phenology, and specifically photoperiodic constraints, can limit post-drought recovery of growth and photosynthesis, and targeting these constraints may represent a promising way to breed trees with an enhanced ability to recover post-drought. The mechanisms of photoperiod-dependent regulation of shoot, secondary and root growth and of assimilation processes are reviewed. Finally, the limitations and trade-offs of altering the photoperiodic regulation of growth and assimilation processes are discussed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic analysis of viviparity, matrotrophy, and other reproductive patterns in chondrichthyan fishes","authors":"Daniel G. Blackburn,&nbsp;Daniel F. Hughes","doi":"10.1111/brv.13070","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The reproductive diversity of extant cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) is extraordinarily broad, reflecting more than 400 million years of evolutionary history. Among their many notable reproductive specialisations are viviparity (live-bearing reproduction) and matrotrophy (maternal provision of nutrients during gestation). However, attempts to understand the evolution of these traits have yielded highly discrepant conclusions. Here, we compile and analyse the current knowledge on the evolution of reproductive diversity in Chondrichthyes with particular foci on the frequency, phylogenetic distribution, and directionality of evolutionary changes in their modes of reproduction. To characterise the evolutionary transformations, we amassed the largest empirical data set of reproductive parameters to date covering nearly 800 extant species and analysed it <i>via</i> a comprehensive molecular-based phylogeny. Our phylogenetic reconstructions indicated that the ancestral pattern for Chondrichthyes is ‘short single oviparity’ (as found in extant holocephalans) in which females lay successive clutches (broods) of one or two eggs. Viviparity has originated at least 12 times, with 10 origins among sharks, one in batoids, and (based on published evidence) another potential origin in a fossil holocephalan. Substantial matrotrophy has evolved at least six times, including one origin of placentotrophy, three separate origins of oophagy (egg ingestion), and two origins of histotrophy (uptake of uterine secretions). In two clades, placentation was replaced by histotrophy. Unlike past reconstructions, our analysis reveals no evidence that viviparity has ever reverted to oviparity in this group. Both viviparity and matrotrophy have arisen by a variety of evolutionary sequences. In addition, the ancestral pattern of oviparity has given rise to three distinct egg-laying patterns that increased clutch (brood) size and/or involved deposition of eggs at advanced stages of development. Geologically, the ancestral oviparous pattern arose in the Paleozoic. Most origins of viviparity and matrotrophy date to the Mesozoic, while a few that are represented at low taxonomic levels are of Cenozoic origin. Coupled with other recent work, this review points the way towards an emerging consensus on reproductive evolution in chondrichthyans while offering a basis for future functional and evolutionary analyses. This review also contributes to conservation efforts by highlighting taxa whose reproductive specialisations reflect distinctive evolutionary trajectories and that deserve special protection and further investigation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140333984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies of plants to overcome abiotic and biotic stresses","authors":"Baoguo Du,&nbsp;Robert Haensch,&nbsp;Saleh Alfarraj,&nbsp;Heinz Rennenberg","doi":"10.1111/brv.13079","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13079","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In their environment, plants are exposed to a multitude of abiotic and biotic stresses that differ in intensity, duration and severity. As sessile organisms, they cannot escape these stresses, but instead have developed strategies to overcome them or to compensate for the consequences of stress exposure. Defence can take place at different levels and the mechanisms involved are thought to differ in efficiency across these levels. To minimise metabolic constraints and to reduce the costs of stress defence, plants prioritise first-line defence strategies in the apoplastic space, involving ascorbate, defensins and small peptides, as well as secondary metabolites, before cellular processes are affected. In addition, a large number of different symplastic mechanisms also provide efficient stress defence, including chemical antioxidants, antioxidative enzymes, secondary metabolites, defensins and other peptides as well as proteins. At both the symplastic and the apoplastic level of stress defence and compensation, a number of specialised transporters are thought to be involved in exchange across membranes that still have not been identified, and information on the regeneration of different defence compounds remains ambiguous. In addition, strategies to overcome and compensate for stress exposure operate not only at the cellular, but also at the organ and whole-plant levels, including stomatal regulation, and hypersensitive and systemic responses to prevent or reduce the spread of stress impacts within the plant. Defence can also take place at the ecosystem level by root exudation of signalling molecules and the emission of volatile organic compounds, either directly or indirectly into the rhizosphere and/or the aboveground atmosphere. The mechanisms by which plants control the production of these compounds and that mediate perception of stressful conditions are still not fully understood. Here we summarise plant defence strategies from the cellular to ecosystem level, discuss their advantages and disadvantages for plant growth and development, elucidate the current state of research on the transport and regeneration capacity of defence metabolites, and outline insufficiently explored questions for further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/brv.13079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140333985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimal Compositionality versus Bird Implicatures: two theories of ABC-D sequences in Japanese tits","authors":"Philippe Schlenker,&nbsp;Ambre Salis,&nbsp;Maël Leroux,&nbsp;Camille Coye,&nbsp;Luigi Rizzi,&nbsp;Shane Steinert-Threlkeld,&nbsp;Emmanuel Chemla","doi":"10.1111/brv.13068","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It was argued in a series of experimental studies that Japanese tits (<i>Parus minor</i>) have an ABC call that has an alert function, a D call that has a recruitment function, and an ABC-D call that is compositionally derived from ABC and D, and has a mobbing function. A key conclusion was that ABC-D differs from the combination of separate utterances of ABC and of D (e.g. as played by distinct but close loudspeakers). While the logic of the argument is arguably sound, no explicit rule has been proposed to derive the meaning of ABC-D from that of its parts. We compare two analyses. One posits a limited instance of semantic compositionality (‘Minimal Compositionality’); the other does without compositionality, but uses instead a more sophisticated pragmatics (‘Bird Implicatures’). Minimal Compositionality takes the composition of ABC and D to deviate only minimally from what would be found with two independent utterances: ABC means that ‘there is something that licenses an alert’, D means that ‘there is something that licenses recruitment’, and ABC-D means that ‘there is something that licenses both an alert and recruitment’. By contrast, ABC and D as independent utterances yield something weaker, namely: ‘there is something that licenses an alert, and there is something that licenses recruitment’, without any ‘binding’ across the two utterances. The second theory, Bird Implicatures, only requires that ABC-D should be more informative than ABC, and/or than D. It builds on the idea, proposed for several monkey species, that a less-informative call competes with a more informative one (the ‘Informativity Principle’): when produced alone, ABC and D trigger an inference that ABC-D is false. We explain how both Minimal Compositionality and Bird Implicatures could have evolved, and we compare the predictions of the two theories. Finally, we extend the discussion to some chimpanzee and meerkat sequences that might raise related theoretical problems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140304107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wilding cities for biodiversity and people: a transdisciplinary framework","authors":"Sébastien Bonthoux,&nbsp;Simon Chollet","doi":"10.1111/brv.13076","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accelerating urbanisation and associated lifestyle changes result in loss of biodiversity and diminished wellbeing of people through fewer direct interactions and experiences with nature. In this review, we propose the notion of urban wilding (the promotion of autonomous ecological processes that are independent of historical land-use conditions, with minimal direct human maintenance and planting interventions) and investigate its propensity to improve biodiversity and people–nature connections in cities. Through a large interdisciplinary synthesis, we explore the ecological mechanisms through which urban wilding can promote biodiversity in cities, investigate the attitudes and relations of city dwellers towards urban wild spaces, and discuss the integration of urban wilding into the fabric of cities and its governance. We show that favouring assembly spontaneity by reducing planting interventions, and functional spontaneity by limiting maintenance practices, can promote plant diversity and provide ecological resources for numerous organisms at habitat and city scales. These processes could reverse biotic homogenisation, but further studies are needed to understand the effects of wilding on invasive species and their consequences. From a socio-ecological perspective, the attitudes of city dwellers towards spontaneous vegetation are modulated by successional stages, with grassland and woodland stages preferred, but dense shrubby vegetation stages disliked. Wild spaces can diversify physical interactions with nature, and enrich multi-sensory, affective and cognitive experiences of nature in cities. However, some aspects of wild spaces can cause anxiety, feeling unsafe, and the perception of abandonment. These negative attitudes could be mitigated by subtle design and maintenance interventions. While nature has long been thought of as ornamental and instrumental in cities, urban wilding could help to develop relational and intrinsic values of nature in the fabric of cities. Wildness and its singular aesthetics should be combined with cultural norms, resident uses and urban functions to plan and design urban spatial configurations promoting human–non-human cohabitation. For urban wilding to be socially just and adapted to the needs of residents, its implementation should be backed by inclusive governance opening up discussion forums to residents and urban workers. Scientists can support these changes by collaborating with urban actors to design and experiment with new wild spaces promoting biodiversity and wellbeing of people in cities.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140183216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carrion ecology in inland aquatic ecosystems: a systematic review","authors":"Adrian Orihuela-Torres,&nbsp;Zebensui Morales-Reyes,&nbsp;Virgilio Hermoso,&nbsp;Félix Picazo,&nbsp;David Sánchez Fernández,&nbsp;Juan M. Pérez-García,&nbsp;Francisco Botella,&nbsp;José A. Sánchez-Zapata,&nbsp;Esther Sebastián-González","doi":"10.1111/brv.13075","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carrion ecology, i.e. the decomposition and recycling of dead animals, has traditionally been neglected as a key process in ecosystem functioning. Similarly, despite the large threats that inland aquatic ecosystems (hereafter, aquatic ecosystems) face, the scientific literature is still largely biased towards terrestrial ecosystems. However, there has been an increasing number of studies on carrion ecology in aquatic ecosystems in the last two decades, highlighting their key role in nutrient recirculation and disease control. Thus, a global assessment of the ecological role of scavengers and carrion in aquatic ecosystems is timely. Here, we systematically reviewed scientific articles on carrion ecology in aquatic ecosystems to describe current knowledge, identify research gaps, and promote future studies that will deepen our understanding in this field. We found 206 relevant studies, which were highly biased towards North America, especially in lotic ecosystems, covering short time periods, and overlooking seasonality, a crucial factor in scavenging dynamics. Despite the low number of studies on scavenger assemblages, we recorded 55 orders of invertebrates from 179 families, with Diptera and Coleoptera being the most frequent orders. For vertebrates, we recorded 114 species from 40 families, with birds and mammals being the most common. Our results emphasise the significance of scavengers in stabilising food webs and facilitating nutrient cycling within aquatic ecosystems. Studies were strongly biased towards the assessment of the ecosystem effects of carrion, particularly of salmon carcasses in North America. The second most common research topic was the foraging ecology of vertebrates, which was mostly evaluated through sporadic observations of carrion in the diet. Articles assessing scavenger assemblages were scarce, and only a limited number of these studies evaluated carrion consumption patterns, which serve as a proxy for the role of scavengers in the ecosystem. The ecological functions performed by carrion and scavengers in aquatic ecosystems were diverse. The main ecological functions were carrion as food source and the role of scavengers in nutrient cycling, which appeared in 52.4% (<i>N</i> = 108) and 46.1% (<i>N</i> = 95) of publications, respectively. Ecosystem threats associated with carrion ecology were also identified, the most common being water eutrophication and carrion as source of pathogens (2.4%; <i>N</i> = 5 each). Regarding the effects of carrion on ecosystems, we found studies spanning all ecosystem components (<i>N</i> = 85), from soil or the water column to terrestrial vertebrates, with a particular focus on aquatic invertebrates and fish. Most of these articles found positive effects of carrion on ecosystems (e.g. higher species richness, abundance or fitness; 84.7%; <i>N</i> = 72), while a minority found negative effects, changes in community composition, or even no effects. Enhancing our understanding of scavengers","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/brv.13075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140173678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taming the terminological tempest in invasion science","authors":"Ismael Soto,&nbsp;Paride Balzani,&nbsp;Laís Carneiro,&nbsp;Ross N. Cuthbert,&nbsp;Rafael Macêdo,&nbsp;Ali Serhan Tarkan,&nbsp;Danish A. Ahmed,&nbsp;Alok Bang,&nbsp;Karolina Bacela-Spychalska,&nbsp;Sarah A. Bailey,&nbsp;Thomas Baudry,&nbsp;Liliana Ballesteros-Mejia,&nbsp;Alejandro Bortolus,&nbsp;Elizabeta Briski,&nbsp;J. Robert Britton,&nbsp;Miloš Buřič,&nbsp;Morelia Camacho-Cervantes,&nbsp;Carlos Cano-Barbacil,&nbsp;Denis Copilaș-Ciocianu,&nbsp;Neil E. Coughlan,&nbsp;Pierre Courtois,&nbsp;Zoltán Csabai,&nbsp;Tatenda Dalu,&nbsp;Vanessa De Santis,&nbsp;James W. E. Dickey,&nbsp;Romina D. Dimarco,&nbsp;Jannike Falk-Andersson,&nbsp;Romina D. Fernandez,&nbsp;Margarita Florencio,&nbsp;Ana Clara S. Franco,&nbsp;Emili García-Berthou,&nbsp;Daniela Giannetto,&nbsp;Milka M. Glavendekic,&nbsp;Michał Grabowski,&nbsp;Gustavo Heringer,&nbsp;Ileana Herrera,&nbsp;Wei Huang,&nbsp;Katie L. Kamelamela,&nbsp;Natalia I. Kirichenko,&nbsp;Antonín Kouba,&nbsp;Melina Kourantidou,&nbsp;Irmak Kurtul,&nbsp;Gabriel Laufer,&nbsp;Boris Lipták,&nbsp;Chunlong Liu,&nbsp;Eugenia López-López,&nbsp;Vanessa Lozano,&nbsp;Stefano Mammola,&nbsp;Agnese Marchini,&nbsp;Valentyna Meshkova,&nbsp;Marco Milardi,&nbsp;Dmitrii L. Musolin,&nbsp;Martin A. Nuñez,&nbsp;Francisco J. Oficialdegui,&nbsp;Jiří Patoka,&nbsp;Zarah Pattison,&nbsp;Daniel Pincheira-Donoso,&nbsp;Marina Piria,&nbsp;Anna F. Probert,&nbsp;Jes Jessen Rasmussen,&nbsp;David Renault,&nbsp;Filipe Ribeiro,&nbsp;Gil Rilov,&nbsp;Tamara B. Robinson,&nbsp;Axel E. Sanchez,&nbsp;Evangelina Schwindt,&nbsp;Josie South,&nbsp;Peter Stoett,&nbsp;Hugo Verreycken,&nbsp;Lorenzo Vilizzi,&nbsp;Yong-Jian Wang,&nbsp;Yuya Watari,&nbsp;Priscilla M. Wehi,&nbsp;András Weiperth,&nbsp;Peter Wiberg-Larsen,&nbsp;Sercan Yapıcı,&nbsp;Baran Yoğurtçuoğlu,&nbsp;Rafael D. Zenni,&nbsp;Bella S. Galil,&nbsp;Jaimie T. A. Dick,&nbsp;James C. Russell,&nbsp;Anthony Ricciardi,&nbsp;Daniel Simberloff,&nbsp;Corey J. A. Bradshaw,&nbsp;Phillip J. Haubrock","doi":"10.1111/brv.13071","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Standardised terminology in science is important for clarity of interpretation and communication. In invasion science – a dynamic and rapidly evolving discipline – the proliferation of technical terminology has lacked a standardised framework for its development. The result is a convoluted and inconsistent usage of terminology, with various discrepancies in descriptions of damage and interventions. A standardised framework is therefore needed for a clear, universally applicable, and consistent terminology to promote more effective communication across researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers. Inconsistencies in terminology stem from the exponential increase in scientific publications on the patterns and processes of biological invasions authored by experts from various disciplines and countries since the 1990s, as well as publications by legislators and policymakers focusing on practical applications, regulations, and management of resources. Aligning and standardising terminology across stakeholders remains a challenge in invasion science. Here, we review and evaluate the multiple terms used in invasion science (e.g. ‘non-native’, ‘alien’, ‘invasive’ or ‘invader’, ‘exotic’, ‘non-indigenous’, ‘naturalised’, ‘pest’) to propose a more simplified and standardised terminology. The streamlined framework we propose and translate into 28 other languages is based on the terms (<i>i</i>) ‘non-native’, denoting species transported beyond their natural biogeographic range, (<i>ii</i>) ‘established non-native’, i.e. those non-native species that have established self-sustaining populations in their new location(s) in the wild, and (<i>iii</i>) ‘invasive non-native’ – populations of established non-native species that have recently spread or are spreading rapidly in their invaded range actively or passively with or without human mediation. We also highlight the importance of conceptualising ‘spread’ for classifying invasiveness and ‘impact’ for management. Finally, we propose a protocol for classifying populations based on (<i>i</i>) dispersal mechanism, (<i>ii</i>) species origin, (<i>iii</i>) population status, and (<i>iv</i>) impact. Collectively and without introducing new terminology, the framework that we present aims to facilitate effective communication and collaboration in invasion science and management of non-native species.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/brv.13071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140157217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian colouration in a polluted world: a meta-analysis","authors":"Katarzyna Janas,&nbsp;Agnieszka Gudowska,&nbsp;Szymon M. Drobniak","doi":"10.1111/brv.13067","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brilliant, diverse colour ornaments of birds were one of the crucial cues that led Darwin to the idea of sexual selection. Although avian colouration plays many functions, including concealment, thermoregulation, or advertisement as a distasteful prey, a quality-signalling role in sexual selection has attracted most research attention. Sexually selected ornaments are thought to be more susceptible to external stressors than naturally selected traits, and as such, they might be used as a test for environmental quality. For this reason, the last two decades have seen numerous studies on the impact of anthropogenic pollution on the expression of various avian colour traits. Herein, we provide the first meta-analytical summary of these results and examine whether there is an interaction between the mechanism of colour production (carotenoid-based, melanin-based and structural) and the type of anthropogenic factor (categorised as heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, urbanisation, or other). Following the assumption of heightened condition dependence of ornaments under sexual selection, we also expected the magnitude of effect sizes to be higher in males. The overall effect size was close to significance and negative, supporting a general detrimental impact of anthropogenic pollutants on avian colouration. In contrast to expectations, there was no interaction between pollution types and colour-producing mechanisms. Yet there were significant differences in sensitivity between colour-producing mechanisms, with carotenoid-based colouration being the most affected by anthropogenic environmental disturbances. Moreover, we observed no significant tendency towards heightened sensitivity in males. We identified a publication gap on structural colouration, which, compared to pigment-based colouration, remains markedly understudied and should thus be prioritised in future research. Finally, we call for the unification of methods used in colour quantification in ecological research to ensure comparability of results among studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/brv.13067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140142409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}