Biological Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Correction to 'The macroecology of spines on woody plants'.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/brv.70169","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brv.70169","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1621-1622"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147631938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of vocal control in echolocating bats.","authors":"Shuying Chen, Yossi Yovel, Cynthia F Moss, Jinhong Luo","doi":"10.1002/brv.70122","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brv.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Echolocating bats display a large repertoire of behavioural plasticity, with vocal flexibility as a core constituent. The speed and accuracy of vocal adjustments executed by echolocating bats are unparalleled by other mammals, including humans. However, the evolutionary pressures behind the extraordinary vocal flexibility of echolocating bats remains elusive. Here we conducted a synthetic review to evaluate critically the probable drivers for all forms of vocal flexibility in echolocating bats. We show that many forms of bat echolocation flexibility, accounting for approximately 60% of vocal adjustment behaviours, function to mitigate acoustic interference, and thus can be attributed to auditory masking. Importantly, half of these anti-interference strategies are related to reafferent masking that is specific to active-sensing animals. We propose that auditory masking mitigation represents a strong selection pressure for the remarkable repertoire of vocal flexibility in echolocating bats.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1181-1196"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145831815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The flexible, the stereotyped and the in-between: putting together the combinatory tool use origins hypothesis.","authors":"Jennifer A D Colbourne, Alice M I Auersperg","doi":"10.1002/brv.70123","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brv.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tool use research has long made the distinction between tool using that is considered learned and flexible, and that which appears to be instinctive and stereotyped. However, animals with an inherited tool use specialisation can exhibit flexibility, while tool use that is spontaneously innovated can be limited in its expression and facilitated by predispositions for ecological specialisations. Furthermore, recent evidence does not support the proposed division of flexible tool use along primate-bird taxonomic lines. Instead, we hypothesise that tool use is a more complementary phenomenon than previously believed, in that the intrinsic motivation for combinatory object manipulation underlies the onset of all allocentric tool use, resulting in a spectrum. What influences the initial tool use that does emerge is the form of a species' object combinations, which is itself influenced by ecological niche. Therefore, an opportunistic extractive forager will likely develop more diverse forms of tool use than a specialist.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1235-1254"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145861720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nature of gain curves.","authors":"Martin Burd","doi":"10.1002/brv.70136","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brv.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gain curves have been a staple of sex allocation theory for decades. They represent patterns in which fitness is obtained from resource investments in reproductive functions. The monotonic forms that have been used for gain curves can represent fitness accrual by individuals, but only on the assumption that sufficient mates are always available to allow the stipulated monotonic pattern of reproductive success to occur. However, sexual populations do not have external banks of mating opportunities that lie outside the dynamics of the population (such opportunities would, by definition, be part of the population). Thus, the reproductive behaviour of whole populations cannot be simple scaled-up versions of individual gain curves. As sex allocation evolves within a breeding population, frequency-dependent selection creates a shifting advantage for the rarer sex. Individual gain curves cannot then remain stable possibilities at the population level. Evolutionary models based on fixed gain curves can predict evolutionary outcomes with unequal total fitness for male and for female function, an outcome that the biology of syngamy does not allow. Such biologically impossible outcomes are easily demonstrated. Gain curves have also been widely used as a framework for interpretation of interspecific empirical patterns, such as low male allocation in monogamously mating hermaphroditic animals or self-pollinating plants, and higher male allocation in wind-pollinated than in animal-pollinated plants. However, if gain curves incorrectly characterize whole populations or species, interspecific differences in gain curves cannot explain these patterns. Even if they superficially appear to predict the empirical pattern, other processes must be operating. The selective effects of local mating competition and sex-specific dispersal patterns have long been known. They are likely replacements for gain curves as explanations of many broad interspecific patterns, but the predominance of gain-curve explanations has distracted attention from these alternatives. A revision of our understanding of gain curves seems needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1554-1567"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geological processes shaping freshwater biodiversity: a synthesis of global evidence.","authors":"Jonathan M Waters, Christopher P Burridge, David Craw, James S Albert","doi":"10.1002/brv.70135","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brv.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent genomic data highlight the key roles of geological processes in shaping the diversification and biogeography of freshwater lineages. Specifically, physical processes such as tectonic uplift, erosion, glaciation, lake formation, and sea-level fluctuation contribute extensively to the evolution of biotic diversity within and among drainages. River capture events can simultaneously isolate and merge lineages, with isolation potentially leading to speciation, and secondary contact enhancing alpha diversity within merged river reaches. The increased speciation rates of newly isolated lineages may be countered by their reduced population sizes and increased extinction risks. Knowledge of drainage history is essential for explaining freshwater biodiversity patterns, and also for understanding the drivers and temporal scales of biological evolution. Future interdisciplinary genomic and geological analyses are needed to understand and conserve freshwater biodiversity in a fast-changing world.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1568-1581"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The myth of the metabolic baseline: sleep-wake cycles undermine a foundational assumption in organismal biology.","authors":"Helena Norman, Daphne Cortese, Amelia Munson, Jan Lindström, Shaun S Killen","doi":"10.1002/brv.70133","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brv.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Basal and standard metabolic rate (BMR and SMR) are cornerstones of physiological ecology and are assumed to be relatively fixed intrinsic properties of organisms that represent the minimum energy required to sustain life. However, this assumption is conceptually flawed. Many core maintenance processes underlying SMR are temporally partitioned across sleep and wakefulness and are not continuously active. We argue that instead of representing a singular metabolic state, SMR is better defined as a shifting metabolic mosaic where maintenance functions are distributed unevenly across different sleep-wake states, including metabolically and functionally distinct phases such as non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. SMR measured during wakefulness will mainly represent ion regulation, thermoregulation, sensory processing, and substrate cycling. Meanwhile, SMR measured during sleep primarily includes processes upregulated during sleep, including protein synthesis, cellular repair, immunity, and synaptic plasticity. Our models demonstrate that SMR values measured exclusively during wake or sleep consistently over- or underestimate daily maintenance costs depending on the time spent in specific sleep states and when SMR was measured. In addition, treatment or environmental effects on the costs of specific processes may be entirely missed if metabolic measures occur during an inappropriate sleep-wake state. The temporal partitioning of maintenance processes suggests that traditional and current approaches to SMR measurement may confound true metabolic variation with individual and species-specific differences in sleep architecture, with implications for the estimation of energy budgets, trait heritability, environmental effects on metabolic rate, and metabolic scaling relationships. We propose redefining organismal maintenance costs as a time-integrated profile of metabolic demands, but also suggest that state-specific SMR measurements are appropriate if the sleep-wake measurement period aligns with that of the behavioural, physiological, or ecological context of interest. Moving beyond the fiction of a constant maintenance baseline would provide more refined insights into the bioenergetic foundations of ecological performance and evolutionary constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1491-1510"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146027914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of autophagy response on angiogenesis activity of endothelial progenitor cells.","authors":"Sara Aghakhani Chegeni, Somayyeh Rashidi, Golbarg Roozbahani, Zahra Abbasi-Malati, Parisa Khanicheragh, Matin Arab Jahvani, Cigir Biray Avci, Reza Rahbarghazi, Aysa Rezabakhsh, Ali Mota","doi":"10.1002/brv.70128","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brv.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endothelial cells (ECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are key cells in the formation of nascent vascular units. These cells, in collaboration with other cell types, support the formation of blood vessels and supply essential components to target ischemic sites. EPCs can exit the bone medullary cavity and enter the circulation to reach the injured tissues, where they commit to becoming functionally mature ECs. Like other cell lineages, several signalling factors can dictate specific behaviour in EPCs after exposure to different biological conditions. Among these signalling pathways, the autophagy machinery is a focus of attention because of its diverse biological effects in different cell lineages. Autophagy, an early-stage cell mechanism, is activated in response to diverse external stimuli. Upon its activation, several signalling molecules are produced with the ability to influence cell functions and behaviour, especially in terms of angiogenesis. Herein, we collect recent data related to the stimulatory/inhibitory role of autophagy in the vascularization properties of EPCs. We hope that this review will help in the development of de novo therapeutic strategies for the alleviation of ischemic injuries and/or inhibition of blood support to the tumour niche.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1382-1405"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145848512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seagrass-microbe interactions: a systematic review of current research trends and mapping of the core microbiome.","authors":"Sebastian Vadillo Gonzalez, Renske Jongen, Torsten Thomas, Ezequiel M Marzinelli, Paul E Gribben","doi":"10.1002/brv.70126","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brv.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seagrass-microbe interactions are crucial for seagrass performance and the coastal ecosystem services they support. However, significant variation in experimental and analytical approaches has hindered our broader understanding of seagrass-microbe interactions and the potential existence of a functional core microbiome, i.e. microbial taxa that are consistently present on hosts and likely exert a disproportionate impact on host function. Through a systematic review, we aimed first to understand current trends and knowledge gaps in seagrass-microbe research. Additionally, we conducted a systematic mapping of global 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing data to characterise core bacterial taxa in three plant microenvironments (leaves, roots and rhizosphere) across multiple species and within a highly studied seagrass species, Zostera marina. The results revealed a growing number of studies since the 2010s manipulating environmental variables and/or seagrass microbes to investigate their roles in seagrass performance and responses to stressors. Most studies have primarily focused on seagrass leaves, examined a limited number of species, and investigated only bacteria via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. A few studies attempted to characterise seagrass core microbiomes, often using highly variable approaches to define core taxa. Our systematic mapping based on global sequencing data allowed the identification of prevalent bacterial taxa belonging to the families Desulfocapsaceae and Sulfurovaceae in the seagrass rhizosphere, which may play an important role in the performance of Z. marina and other seagrass species. The results also showed that many other bacterial families were prevalent across different seagrass microenvironments, such as Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae, with substantial taxonomic variability and functional metabolic redundancy. We identified key challenges stemming from available data and variable methodologies and provided insights to guide future experimental work and deepen our understanding of seagrass-microbe interactions. We argue that such knowledge may improve seagrass management outcomes, especially by informing restoration strategies based on core microbial taxa.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1334-1357"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145852834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term trends in parasite diversity and infection levels: approaches and patterns.","authors":"Cyril Hammoud, Juan Antonio Balbuena, Isabel Blasco-Costa, Katie O'Dwyer, Rachel A Paterson, Tomáš Scholz, Christian Selbach, Bernd Sures, David W Thieltges","doi":"10.1002/brv.70119","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brv.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parasites exist in every ecosystem, affecting nearly all organisms and playing a complex role in human societies. On the one hand, they contribute substantially to biodiversity and support ecosystem stability by performing essential ecological functions. On the other, they can impose health burdens on their hosts, causing diseases in both animals and humans. Despite their significance, our understanding of how parasitic organisms are affected by human-driven environmental change remains poor. In other well-studied groups such as free-living birds, mammals and insects, long-term ecological data sets have been instrumental in elucidating temporal trends in abundance or diversity and linking them to anthropogenic drivers. For parasites however, overarching long-term trends in infection levels or diversity have yet to be identified. Here we provide an overview of the research approaches developed to study long-term changes in parasite systems and the trends highlighted by these studies. Our aims were to help researchers make informed methodological decisions when designing their research, and to provide recommendations for future long-term research on parasite ecology. To this end, we performed a systematic literature search on long-term analyses of eukaryotic parasites of wild animals and identified four types of approaches deployed to gather long-term data: (i) long-term monitoring; (ii) snapshot resampling; (iii) literature-based research; and (iv) natural history collection-based studies. Our results revealed striking differences in the temporal scope, geographical scale of sampling, sample sizes and taxonomic resolution of parasite identification among these approaches. However, no overarching trends in parasite infection levels or diversity were identified. When detected, significant temporal changes were often linked to anthropogenic disturbances, but these claims were rarely supported by inferential analyses. Overall, our results show that our understanding of long-term trends in parasite systems remains hampered by data scarcity and research biases. To address these issues, we advocate for the establishment of large-scale parasite monitoring programmes combined with existing ecological monitoring projects, as well as the development of new scalable biomonitoring tools. We also highlight the importance of valorising historical data and preserved biological material in museum collections to obtain baseline information on parasite systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1120-1142"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continual decision-making dynamics across biological organisms.","authors":"Liberty Severs, Qiuran Wang","doi":"10.1002/brv.70115","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brv.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Decision-making is a central function of adaptive behaviour in biological agents. However, strategies for adaptive decision-making can vary substantially across species. Here, we aim to extend the comparative scope of decision-making analyses to phylogenetically diverse organisms. To do so, we introduce the Continual Decision Making Dynamics (CDMD) framework, which characterises decision-making as a temporally extended, history-sensitive process that is sustained by self-organising and self-regulating interactions. Drawing on empirical examples, we demonstrate how CDMD can accommodate the organisation of control architectures that support more distributed and decentralised modes of decision-making, and facilitate a comparative approach to decision-making strategies across phylogenetic and organisational scales. We discuss how our model can be situated among other related approaches to decision-making, capturing a distinctive subset of decision strategies that can be modelled in the absence of explicit representational structures. Our framework contributes to integrative approaches that bridge biological complexity and cognitive modelling, and highlights how regulatory control and organisational constraints shape decision-making dynamics across a broader range of biological systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1059-1072"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145831846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}