Biological Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Origin stories: how does learned migratory behaviour arise in populations?","authors":"Janey Fugate, Cody Wallace, Ellen O Aikens, Brett Jesmer, Matthew Kauffman","doi":"10.1111/brv.13171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.13171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although decades of research have deepened our understanding of the proximate triggers and ultimate drivers of migrations for a range of taxa, how populations establish migrations remains a mystery. However, recent studies have begun to illuminate the interplay between genetically inherited and learned migrations, opening the door to the evaluation of how migration may be learned, established, and maintained. Nevertheless, for migratory species where the role of learning is evident, we lack a comprehensive framework for understanding how populations learn specific routes and refine migratory movements over time (i.e., their origins). This review draws on advances in behavioural and movement ecology to offer a comprehensive framework for how populations could transition from resident to migratory by connecting cognitive research on fine-scale perceptual cues and movement decisions with literature on learning and cultural transmission, to the emergent pattern of migration. We synthesize the multiple cognitive mechanisms and processes that allow a population to respond to seasonal resource limitation, then encode spatial and environmental information about resource availability in memory and engage in social learning to navigate their landscapes and track resources better. A rise in global reintroduction efforts, along with human-induced rapid shifts in environmental cues and changing landscapes make evaluating the origins of this threatened behaviour more urgent than ever.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wildlife trade investigations benefit from multivariate stable isotope analyses.","authors":"Tracey-Leigh Prigge, Astrid A Andersson, Chloe E R Hatten, Even Y M Leung, David M Baker, Timothy C Bonebrake, Caroline Dingle","doi":"10.1111/brv.13175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.13175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The investigation of wildlife trade and crime has benefitted from advances in technology and scientific development in a variety of fields. Stable isotope analysis (SIA) represents one rapidly developing approach that has considerable potential to contribute to wildlife trade investigation, especially in complementing other methods including morphological, genetic, and elemental approaches. Here, we review recent progress in the application of SIA in wildlife trade research to highlight strengths, shortcomings, and areas for development in the future. SIA has shown success in species identification, determination of geographic provenance, and differentiating between captive-bred and wild individuals. There are also emerging applications of SIA in wildlife trade research including the use of labelling for traceability, more in-depth analyses such as compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA), the use of trace metal isotopes, and monitoring the health of individuals (e.g. dietary history and nutritional status). While these applications have shown the utility of SIA in wildlife trade investigations, there are a number of limitations and issues where standardisation of analytical procedures would improve the comparability and interpretation of results. First, there is high variation within many stable isotopes geographically and within tissues - this variation presents opportunities for tracking and monitoring but can also challenge detection of patterns when variation is high. Second, the choice of isotopes and tissues within an organism (and ideally, multiple isotopes and tissues) should be considered carefully as different isotopes and tissue types have variable strengths and weaknesses depending on the research question. Third, validation of SIA methods remains underutilised in the field but is critical for applying SIA broadly to wildlife trade investigations and, particularly, for applications in forensics and in court. Fourth, standards are essential for comparisons across studies. Fifth, while some reference databases exist for the use of SIA in wildlife trade research (e.g. ivory), there are still few comprehensive reference databases available. Development of robust reference databases should be a priority for advancing the use of SIA in wildlife trade research, and ecological study more broadly. Ultimately, further recognition of these primary challenges (and development of solutions) within wildlife SIA research will improve the potential for this technique in tackling the threat of overexploitation to global biodiversity - particularly in concert with the application of other investigative techniques such as genetics and elemental analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worldwide comparison of carbon stocks and fluxes between native and non-native forests.","authors":"Adrián Lázaro-Lobo, Romina D Fernandez, Álvaro Alonso, Paula Cruces, Verónica Cruz-Alonso, Gary N Ervin, Antonio Gallardo, Elena Granda, Daniel Gómez-Gras, Hélia Marchante, Daniel Moreno-Fernández, Asunción Saldaña, Joaquim S Silva, Pilar Castro-Díez","doi":"10.1111/brv.13176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.13176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change is one of the main challenges that human societies are currently facing. Given that forests represent major natural carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems, administrations worldwide are launching broad-scale programs to promote forests, including stands of non-native trees. Yet, non-native trees may have profound impacts on the functions and services of forest ecosystems, including the carbon cycle, as they may differ widely from native trees in structural and functional characteristics. Also, the allocation of carbon between above- and belowground compartments may vary between native and non-native forests and affect the vulnerability of the carbon stocks to disturbances. We conducted a global meta-analysis to compare carbon stocks and fluxes among co-occurring forests dominated by native and non-native trees, while accounting for the effects of climate, tree life stage, and stand type. We compiled 1678 case studies from 250 papers, with quantitative data for carbon cycle-related variables from co-occurring forests dominated by native and non-native trees. We included 170 non-native species from 42 families, spanning 55 countries from all continents except Antarctica. Non-native forests showed higher overall carbon stock due to higher aboveground tree biomass. However, the belowground carbon stock, particularly soil organic carbon, was greater in forests dominated by native trees. Among fluxes, carbon uptake rate was higher in non-native forests, while carbon loss rate and carbon lability did not differ between native and non-native forests. Differences in carbon stocks and fluxes between native and non-native trees were greater at early life stages (i.e. seedling and juvenile). Overall, non-native forests had greater carbon stocks and fluxes than native forests when both were natural/naturalised or planted; however, native natural forests had greater values for the carbon cycle-related variables than plantations of non-native trees. Our findings indicate that promoting non-native forests may increase carbon stocks in the aboveground compartment at the expense of belowground carbon stocks. This may have far-reaching implications on the durability and vulnerability of carbon to disturbances. Forestry policies aimed at improving long-term carbon sequestration and storage should conserve and promote native forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimism and pessimism: a concept for behavioural ecology.","authors":"Viktoria Siewert, Sylvia Kaiser, Norbert Sachser, S Helene Richter","doi":"10.1111/brv.13178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.13178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Originating from human psychology, the concepts of \"optimism\" and \"pessimism\" were transferred to animal welfare science about 20 years ago to study emotional states in non-human animals. Over time, \"optimism\" and \"pessimism\" have developed into valuable welfare indicators, but little focus has been put on the ecological implications of this concept. Here, we aim to bridge this gap and underline the great potential for transferring it to behavioural ecology. We start by outlining why \"optimism\" and \"pessimism\" can be considered as aspects of animal personalities. Furthermore, we argue that considering \"optimism\"/\"pessimism\" in a behavioural ecology context can facilitate our understanding of individual adjustment to the environment. Specifically, we show how variation in \"optimism\"/\"pessimism\" can play a crucial role in adaptation processes to environmental heterogeneity, for example, niche choice and niche conformance. Building on these considerations, we hypothesise that \"optimists\" might be less plastic than \"pessimists\" in their behaviour, which could considerably affect the way they adjust to environmental change.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleo-evo-devo implications of a revised conceptualization of enameloids and enamels.","authors":"Guillaume Houée, Nicolas Goudemand, Damien Germain, Jérémie Bardin","doi":"10.1111/brv.13173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.13173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the origin and evolution of the mineralized skeleton is crucial for unravelling vertebrate history. However, several limitations hamper our progress. The first obstacle is the lack of uniformity and clarity in the literature for the definition of the tissues of concern, especially of enameloid(s) and enamel(s), resulting in ambiguous terminology and inconsistencies among studies. Moreover, the identification criteria currently employed to characterize hypermineralized tissues in extinct taxa, such as the presence or absence of tubules for enameloids, may lead to unsupported conclusions. We suggest that comparative developmental studies may be key to unambiguous terminology, truly diagnostic identification criteria and developmentally informed evolutionary hypotheses. We exemplify this approach by: (i) introducing a new conceptual framework for enameloid(s) and enamel(s), with clear terminologies, definitions and interactions between concepts; (ii) suggesting more rigorous ways to identify tissues, based on the observation of defining or additional properties, as well as on the comparison of developmental scenarios when possible; (iii) constructing a clear phylogenetic framework to discuss their homologies and highlighting possible transitions between these tissues; and by (iv) proposing developmental models that explain both enamel and enameloid formation, and suggest possible transitions between them.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical adaptations of mangroves to the intertidal environment and their dynamic responses to various stresses.","authors":"Chithra Madhavan, Suraj Prasannakumari Meera, Ajay Kumar","doi":"10.1111/brv.13172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.13172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mangroves are intertidal plants that survive extreme environmental conditions through unique adaptations. Various reviews on diverse physiological and biochemical stress responses of mangroves have been published recently. However, a review of how mangroves respond anatomically to stresses is lacking. This review presents major mangrove anatomical adaptations and their modifications in response to dynamic environmental stresses such as high salinity, flooding, extreme temperatures, varying light intensities, and pollution. The available research shows that plasticity of Casparian strips and suberin lamellae, variations in vessel architecture, formation of aerenchyma, thickening of the cuticle, and changes in the size and structure of salt glands occur in response to various stresses. Mangrove species show different responses correlated with the diversity and intensity of the stresses they face. The flexibility of these anatomical adaptations represents a key feature that determines the survival and fitness of mangroves. However, studies demonstrating these mechanisms in detail are relatively scarce, highlighting the need for further research. An in-depth understanding of the structural adaptations of individual mangrove species could contribute to appropriate species selection in mangrove conservation and restoration activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasion of the four kingdoms: the parasite journey across plant and non-plant hosts.","authors":"Michael H Perlin, Robert Poulin, Charissa de Bekker","doi":"10.1111/brv.13169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.13169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parasites have a rich and long natural history among biological entities, and it has been suggested that parasites are one of the most significant factors in the evolution of their hosts. However, it has been emphasized less frequently how co-evolution has undoubtedly also shaped the paths of parasites. It may seem safe to assume that specific differences among the array of potential hosts for particular parasites have restricted and diversified their evolutionary pathways and strategies for survival. Nevertheless, if one looks closely enough at host and parasite, one finds commonalities, both in terms of host defences and parasite strategies to out-manoeuvre them. While such analyses have been the source of numerous reviews, they are generally limited to interactions between, at most, one kingdom of parasite with two kingdoms of host (e.g. similarities in animal and plant host responses against fungi). With the aim of extending this view, we herein critically evaluate the similarities and differences across all four eukaryotic host kingdoms (plants, animals, fungi, and protists) and their parasites. In doing so, we show that hosts tend to share common strategies for defence, including both physical and behavioural barriers, and highly evolved immune responses, in particular innate immunity. Parasites have, similarly, evolved convergent strategies to counter these defences, including mechanisms of active penetration, and evading the host's innate and/or adaptive immune responses. Moreover, just as hosts have evolved behaviours to avoid parasites, many parasites have adaptations to manipulate host phenotype, physiologically, reproductively, and in terms of behaviour. Many of these strategies overlap in the host and parasite, even across wide phylogenetic expanses. That said, specific differences in host physiology and immune responses often necessitate different adaptations for parasites exploiting fundamentally different hosts. Taken together, this review facilitates hypothesis-driven investigations of parasite-host interactions that transcend the traditional kingdom-based research fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does death drive the scaling of life?","authors":"Douglas S Glazier","doi":"10.1111/brv.13153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.13153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The magnitude of many kinds of biological structures and processes scale with organismal size, often in regular ways that can be described by power functions. Traditionally, many of these \"biological scaling\" relationships have been explained based on internal geometric, physical, and energetic constraints according to universal natural laws, such as the \"surface law\" and \"3/4-power law\". However, during the last three decades it has become increasingly apparent that biological scaling relationships vary greatly in response to various external (environmental) factors. In this review, I propose and provide several lines of evidence supporting a new ecological perspective that I call the \"mortality theory of ecology\" (MorTE). According to this viewpoint, mortality imposes time limits on the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms. Accordingly, small, vulnerable organisms subject to high mortality due to predation and other environmental hazards have evolved faster, shorter lives than larger, more protected organisms. A MorTE also includes various corollary, size-related internal and external causative factors (e.g. intraspecific resource competition, geometric surface area to volume effects on resource supply/transport and the protection of internal tissues from environmental hazards, internal homeostatic regulatory systems, incidence of pathogens and parasites, etc.) that impact the scaling of life. A mortality-centred approach successfully predicts the ranges of body-mass scaling slopes observed for many kinds of biological and ecological traits. Furthermore, I argue that mortality rate should be considered the ultimate (evolutionary) driver of the scaling of life, that is expressed in the context of other proximate (functional) drivers such as information-based biological regulation and spatial (geometric) and energetic (metabolic) constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insect-flower interactions, ecosystem functions, and restoration ecology in the northern Sahel: current knowledge and perspectives.","authors":"Natalia Medina-Serrano, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Aly Diallo, Doyle McKey","doi":"10.1111/brv.13170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.13170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Actions for ecological restoration under the Great Green Wall (GGW) initiative in the northern Sahel have been plant focused, paying scant attention to plant-animal interactions that are essential to ecosystem functioning. Calls to accelerate implementation of the GGW make it timely to develop a more solid conceptual foundation for restoration actions. As a step towards this goal, we review what is known in this region about an important class of plant-animal interactions, those between plants and flower-visiting insects. Essential for pollination, floral resources also support insects that play important roles in many other ecosystem processes. Extensive pastoralism is the principal subsistence mode in the region, and while recent analyses downplay the impact of livestock on vegetation dynamics compared to climatic factors, they focus primarily on rangeland productivity, neglecting biodiversity, which is critical for long-term sustainability. We summarise current knowledge on insect-flower interactions, identify information gaps, and suggest research priorities. Most insect-pollinated plants in the region have open-access flowers exploitable by diverse insects, an advantageous strategy in environments with low productivity and seasonal and highly variable rainfall. Other plant species have diverse traits that constrain the range of visitors, and several distinct flower types are represented, some of which have been postulated to match classical \"pollination syndromes\". As in most ecosystems, bees are among the most important pollinators. The bee fauna is dominated by ground-nesting solitary bees, almost all of which are polylectic. Many non-bee flower visitors also perform various ecosystem services such as decomposition and pest control. Many floral visitors occupy high trophic levels, and are indicators of continued functioning of the food webs on which they depend. The resilience of insect-flower networks in this region largely depends on trees, which flower year-round and are less affected by drought than forbs. However, the limited number of abundant tree species presents a potential fragility. Flowering failure of a crucial \"hub\" species during exceptionally dry years could jeopardise populations of some flower-visiting insects. Furthermore, across Sahelian drylands, browsers are increasingly predominant over grazers. Although better suited to changing climates, browsers exert more pressure on trees, potentially weakening insect-flower interaction networks. Understanding the separate and combined effects of climate change and land-use change on biotic interactions will be key to building a solid foundation to facilitate effective restoration of Sahelian ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards ecosystem-based techniques for tipping point detection.","authors":"Deevesh Ashley Hemraj, Jacob Carstensen","doi":"10.1111/brv.13167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.13167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An ecosystem shifts to an alternative stable state when a threshold of accumulated pressure (i.e. direct impact of environmental change or human activities) is exceeded. Detecting this threshold in empirical data remains a challenge because ecosystems are governed by complex interlinkages and feedback loops between their components and pressures. In addition, multiple feedback mechanisms exist that can make an ecosystem resilient to state shifts. Therefore, unless a broad ecological perspective is used to detect state shifts, it remains questionable to what extent current detection methods really capture ecosystem state shifts and whether inferences made from smaller scale analyses can be implemented into ecosystem management. We reviewed the techniques currently used for retrospective detection of state shifts detection from empirical data. We show that most techniques are not suitable for taking a broad ecosystem perspective because approximately 85% do not combine intervariable non-linear relationships and high-dimensional data from multiple ecosystem variables, but rather tend to focus on one subsystem of the ecosystem. Thus, our perception of state shifts may be limited by methods that are often used on smaller data sets, unrepresentative of whole ecosystems. By reviewing the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the current techniques, we identify methods that provide the potential to incorporate a broad ecosystem-based approach. We therefore provide perspectives into developing techniques better suited for detecting ecosystem state shifts that incorporate intervariable interactions and high-dimensionality data.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}