Biological Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Differential effects of freshwater browning across fish species: consequences for individual- to community-level fish traits in north temperate lakes.","authors":"Allison M Roth, Vincent Fugère, Marco A Rodríguez, Jean-François Lapierre, Joe Sánchez Schacht, Sapna Sharma, Mehdi M Aqdam, Jeremy Fonvielle, Michelle Gros, Andrew J Tanentzap, Matilda L Andersson, Renee M van Dorst, Jan Karlsson, Christopher T Solomon, Christer Brönmark, Peter Eklöv, Kristin Scharnweber, Magnus Huss, Beatrix E Beisner, Fernando Chaguaceda, Cristina Charette, Alison M Derry, Gregor F Fussmann, Andrew P Hendry, Kaj Hulthén, Sandra Klemet-N'Guessan, Irene Gregory-Eaves","doi":"10.1111/brv.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The browning of freshwater ecosystems is increasingly evident in temperate and northern regions, with widespread ramifications for lake physics, chemistry, and biology. Contrasting results on how freshwater browning may impact fish have been reported, but there has been no comprehensive examination of how browning may cause cascading effects on individual- to population- to community-level traits of freshwater fishes. We addressed this knowledge gap by summarizing the existing literature and conducting a series of original analyses to: (i) explore the effects of a brown water gradient on populations of eight economically important species of fish across 871 lakes; and (ii) examine how a brown water gradient may influence community trait compositions across 303 lakes. From our literature synthesis, we found that fish growth is often negatively associated with browner waters, despite browning generally showing no effect on fish foraging. We also demonstrated that browner waters had greater abundances of northern pike (Esox lucius) and walleye (Sander vitreus), but lower numbers of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), smallmouth bass (M. dolomieu), and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). Moreover, we showed that fish communities were significantly more likely to contain species with larger eyes in browner lakes. Lastly, we examined relationships between various metrics of browning (i.e. dissolved organic carbon, Secchi transparency, water colour) and present a framework for how the effects of freshwater browning on fish may scale from individuals to populations to communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the pollution pressures posed by groups of chemicals on British riverine invertebrate populations.","authors":"Imogen P Poyntz-Wright, Xavier A Harrison, Charles R Tyler","doi":"10.1111/brv.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, rivers receive a diverse range of chemicals, including metals, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, petrochemicals, human and veterinary pharmaceuticals and personal care products. However, the extent to which these different chemical groups affect riverine invertebrate communities is not well defined. Here we set out to evaluate the available evidence for associations between British riverine invertebrate communities and different chemical groups (and individual members of these chemical groups). Our assessment comprised three elements, (i) an evaluation of whether environmental concentrations of these chemicals exceed the lowest effect concentrations (ECs) based on laboratory tests, (ii) an assessment of associations between chemical groups and changes in British riverine invertebrate communities using the existing published literature, and (iii) calculated potential risk of toxicity of the chemical groups to invertebrates based on measured exposures (Environmental Agency monitoring data) and laboratory-based measurements of the lethal concentration required to kill half of the tested population (LC₅₀). Our conclusions indicate that metal and pesticide pollutants (including the veterinary medicine fipronil) are of greatest concern for British riverine invertebrate communities. Petrochemicals were also of potential concern, however, risk calculations indicate this risk is lower than that for metals and pesticides. All other chemical groups assessed appeared to be of relatively low risk to British riverine invertebrates based on the available information. However, the concentrations of some pharmaceuticals and personal care products in British rivers exceeded the lowest ECs for some invertebrate species and require further investigation. Given the widespread concern regarding declines in freshwater invertebrates, studies on chemical impacts on invertebrate populations in British rivers are surprisingly limited and further targeted studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The tandem-random transition of cellular patterning: proposed roles of N-cadherin-based orientational cell adhesions in the development, maintenance, and degeneration of the nucleus pulposus.","authors":"Xiangyun Wei, Nam Vo, Gwendolyn A Sowa","doi":"10.1111/brv.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) can contribute to lower back and neck pain. In IDD, the most affected component of the intervertebral disc is the nucleus pulposus (NP). Derived from the notochord, where cells are organized into a tandem configuration, young NP cells cluster in three-dimensional (3D) networks embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Here, we review the current understanding of NP development, homeostasis, physiology, and degeneration with a focus on the roles of the cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin in these processes. Based on the literature, we hypothesize that N-cadherin contributes to the architectural transition from the notochord to the NP by mediating a switch in cellular organization from tandem to random orientational cell adhesions (OCAs). We further hypothesize that the 3D clustering of NP cells may facilitate N-cadherin to act as a mechanosensor to modulate NP gene expression under mechanical stresses. We hope these hypotheses promote future research on the etiology of human IDD and the development of measures to prevent and treat IDD. Some open questions on N-cadherin functions in the NP are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145084804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-fledging ecology of birds: emergent patterns, knowledge gaps, and future frontiers.","authors":"Todd M Jones, Sara A Kaiser, T Scott Sillett","doi":"10.1111/brv.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The post-fledging period - the time between a juvenile bird leaving its nest and dispersing or migrating from its natal site - is a critical yet challenging aspect of avian ecology to study. Past reviews have advanced our knowledge of the post-fledging period by focusing on a particular topic or taxon but have yet to describe patterns of survival and behaviour across the entire post-fledging literature. Here we review research on the post-fledging ecology of birds across taxa to (i) synthesize emergent patterns, (ii) highlight critical knowledge gaps, and (iii) identify promising future frontiers in research. Our review revealed a general dichotomy in the post-fledging literature, with studies on altricial and precocial birds using different terminology and rarely citing one another. Consequently, we compared the post-fledging ecology of altricial and precocial birds while synthesizing patterns and knowledge gaps in the literature. We showed that altricial and precocial birds share many similarities in their post-fledging behaviour, movement, habitat use, parental care, and survival, despite key differences in their ontogenies (e.g. development in the egg and nestling period length). In particular, altricial and precocial birds showed similar trends in fledgling survival with age (positive association), exhibit similarities in selecting post-fledging habitat (often selecting for denser, more complex vegetation that provides cover), and in movement strategies (moving less at younger age to avoid predator detection). Differences were also apparent, with altricial and precocial birds differing in key traits that carry over from the nesting stage to influence fledgling survival (e.g. mass versus wing development). Nevertheless, differences in descriptions of the post-fledging period have, in part, resulted in studies on altricial and precocial birds being disconnected in the literature, highlighting a need for a unifying, standardized terminology for the period after birds leave the nest. Comparative studies and meta-analyses across the altricial-precocial spectrum are also needed to bridge the two worlds. The post-fledging field has grown steadily over the past few decades, but this life-history stage remains understudied for nearly 90% of avian taxa and important frontiers remain largely unexplored: understudied geographical regions and taxa, brood parasites, ecophysiology, impacts of urbanization and climate-induced environmental change, and impacts of technology used to study this period. Our review emphasizes the importance of the post-fledging period for avian population dynamics and life histories, and highlights the great potential of research into this key developmental stage to advance our understanding of the ecology, evolution, and conservation of birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145084847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling echinoid mass mortalities: a global overview of mechanisms, spatio-temporal trends, and taxonomic insights.","authors":"Lisa-Maria Schmidt, Guillermo Anderson Benaim, Omri Bronstein","doi":"10.1111/brv.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mass mortality events (MMEs) have been occurring since the dawn of time. However, in contrast to terrestrial events, most marine MMEs remain undetected, largely due to the inaccessibility of many marine environments. One of the most notorious and best-studied marine MMEs in modern times is that of the population collapse of the echinoid Diadema antillarum in the Caribbean Sea during the mid-1980s, which triggered a catastrophic phase shift in local benthic communities from which the region never fully recovered - illustrating the ecological significance of echinoids in maintaining marine habitat stability. In recent years echinoid MMEs have reached an unprecedented scale, affecting populations across multiple ocean basins, climatic regions, and taxonomic range. Most recently, pathogenic-driven mortalities spreading from the Caribbean to the Mediterranean and Red Sea and further expanding into the Indo-Pacific, pose a significant threat to ecological integrity across thousands of kilometres. The apparent intensification of global echinoid MMEs underscores the urgency of elucidating the mechanisms driving these events and their implications for marine conservation. Here we present a comprehensive review of global echinoid MMEs, including scientific literature dating back to 1888. We identify and formulate the five main mechanisms driving echinoid MMEs: (i) pathogens (33%); (ii) catastrophic events (25%); (iii) harmful algal blooms (11%); (iv) extreme temperatures and tides (24%); and (v) human activities (7%). We then explore spatio-temporal trends and the underlying functional morphology traits that drive these events.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollination and plant reproduction in the Cerrado, the world's most biodiverse savanna.","authors":"João C F Cardoso, Renata Trevizan, Pietro K Maruyama, Ana P S Caetano, Rogério V Gonçalves, Yasmine Antonini, Paulo E Oliveira","doi":"10.1111/brv.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.70073","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Brazilian Cerrado is a continental-wide biodiversity hotspot and the most species-rich savanna ecosystem in the world. The main aspect characterising this biodiversity is that the landscape is arranged as an intricate mosaic of different plant formations, including grasslands, savannas, and forests, each harbouring distinct but interconnected communities. Seasonality and natural fires are key and ancient natural factors in the biome, with organisms showing many adaptations. The Cerrado is also home to millions of people, and the essential ecosystem services provided for agricultural production make it one of the world's major crop regions. However, it has undergone intense destruction in the last decades, with conservation concerns historically overshadowed by the neighbouring Amazonia and Atlantic Forest biomes. Considering the importance of pollination and plant reproduction for maintaining terrestrial ecosystems, we synthesise the known information for the Cerrado as an illustrative example that could be applied to other megadiverse ecosystems worldwide. Although apomixis (asexual seed formation) and self-pollination mechanisms occur to a lesser extent, most plants in the Cerrado require biotic pollination. For instance, this is the case for some dioecious and monoecious species. However, the majority of plants have bisexual flowers, with the frequency of self-incompatibility increasing towards denser plant formations such as forests, illustrating differences in dependency on pollination across habitats. Many Cerrado plants adopt strategies favouring outcrossing, including distyly, enantiostyly, heteranthery, and dichogamy. Although plant-pollinator interaction networks are mostly generalised, the pollinators are organised into guilds, with bees pollinating most plants and using several resources. Other common guilds include beetles, moths, hummingbirds, and bats. Importantly, flowering phenology peaks across plant formations at different times of the year, creating habitat complementarity across the vegetation mosaic that continuously sustains transiting pollinators. Thus, the interaction between plants and pollinators connects and is sustained by landscape complexity, which should be regarded as essential for ecosystem conservation. In this context, periodic fires that trigger massive flowering and promote biomass reduction are an essential natural disturbance that maintains the diversity of open landscapes. The interdependence of plants and pollinators in the face of the ongoing destruction of the Cerrado adds another challenge for its conservation, and highlights the necessity for conserving complementary habitats at the landscape level. While forest formations are granted protection by law, these alone are insufficient to maintain high pollinator diversity, with potential cascading effects on the ecosystem services they provide and requiring the maintenance of the neglected grasslands and savannas. Thus, the simultaneous conserv","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergent evolution and adaptive diversification of root symbioses.","authors":"Zhenshan Liu, Bin Hu, Emmanouil Flemetakis, Robert Haensch, Philipp Franken, Heinz Rennenberg","doi":"10.1111/brv.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mutualistic symbioses between plants and microorganisms have served as a cornerstone for terrestrial ecosystem establishment since the colonization of land by plants ca. 470 million years ago (Ma). These mutualisms diversified in symbiont partners and ecological functions in response to dynamic environmental shifts, with root-based architectures emerging later as a key adaptive innovation. Phylogenomic analyses reveal a conserved common symbiotic signalling pathway (CSSP) through the mycorrhizal-actinorhizal-rhizobial (MAR) evolutionary trajectory, underscoring convergent evolutionary mechanisms that facilitated the repeated emergence of mutualistic root-microbe interactions. Despite this shared foundation, recent studies highlight lineage-specific adaptations in symbiont recognition, immune evasion, and nutrient exchange, reflecting divergent evolutionary pressures and ecological niches. For instance, actinorhizal symbioses, although understudied compared to legume-rhizobia systems, exhibit unique adaptations in host specificity and nitrogen-fixation efficiency, offering untapped potential for sustainable agriculture and reforestation. This review synthesizes information from different disciplines to elucidate the origin and diversification of root symbioses, emphasizing molecular innovations and ecological drivers that shaped their evolution. We further explore the role of environmental pressures, such as resource availability and climate change, in driving the adaptive diversification of these symbiotic relationships. By integrating evolutionary, molecular, and ecological perspectives, this work advances our understanding of root symbioses as dynamic systems shaped by both conserved mechanisms and context-dependent adaptations.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Weak Worker Hypothesis: a new framework for understanding division of labour in social insects.","authors":"Jacob J Herman, Alexander Walton, Olav Rueppell","doi":"10.1111/brv.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In social species, group functions often benefit from variation among individual group members. Many highly integrated social insect colonies rely on division of labour among colony members and emergent properties of their collective behaviour and physiology. Response threshold models are a prominent proximate explanation of division of labour, but how variation in response thresholds arise is largely unexplored. We propose the Weak Worker Hypothesis, a novel conceptual framework suggesting that response thresholds are determined by an individual's susceptibility to the stressor that underlies the task. Thus, specific tasks are preferentially performed, or at least initiated, by the individuals that are most susceptible to the corresponding stressor. Consequently, 'weak' workers that are susceptible to a particular stressor play a disproportionate role in the group's defence against this stressor. The response threshold manifests as an internal evaluation of a task-specific stimulus that is influenced by the severity of the physiological perturbation of the individual, which simultaneously determines the susceptibility of this individual to succumb to the external disturbance. As long as individual stress susceptibilities vary among different stressors, this model generates division of labour and thus group stability. The Weak Worker Hypothesis provides a functional explanation for individual-level responses to environmental deviations from optimal conditions. Such a deviation could be directly perceived as stimulus and simultaneously lead to physiological stress, or the physiological stress caused by the deviation could be the stimulus itself. In support of the Weak Worker Hypothesis, we present experimental evidence of a link between individual heat susceptibility and fanning behaviour in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). We also discuss other possible cases and how to test our idea empirically in other contexts, keeping in mind the important distinction between cause and consequence. Finally, we conclude that the Weak Worker Hypothesis could provide a useful extension of response threshold models for understanding the division of labour in social groups, which might have repercussions for applied social insect science, selective breeding and eradication efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"The magnesium inhibition and arrested phagosome hypotheses: new perspectives on the evolution and ecology of Symbiodinium symbioses\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/brv.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.70072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ecology of geographic range limits.","authors":"Tom Radomski","doi":"10.1111/brv.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.70070","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Identifying processes underlying species' geographic range limits is currently at the forefront of ecological research, in part due to increasing attention to climate change effects on the distributions of organisms. Our understanding of range limits has benefitted from a rich body of theory, but several influential reviews have insisted that we know little about causes of range limits in nature because there is scant empirical work relative to theoretical. More recent syntheses show mounting support for different hypotheses, although they are not always able to separate different ecological processes. In this review, I recommend a shift in how researchers think about range limits: (i) identifying a first-principles hypothesis of range limits which should structure range limit studies; and (ii) reconsidering the processes that limit geographic distributions, which are relatively few and redundant. First, I argue that estimating the scenopoetic niche (habitat requirements that exclude biotic interactions) allows a first-principles approach to understanding geographic distributions and limits. Some general empirical support for the scenopoetic niche as a primary range-limiting factor has accumulated. Estimates of the scenopoetic niche will structure subsequent tests of range-limiting processes based on how it underpredicts or overpredicts species' distributions. I discuss observational and empirical ways of testing whether the scenopoetic niche is actively limiting species' distributions. Second, I review various theoretical models of geographic range limits; theoretical ecological models only vary a few key parameters, so our understanding of what limits species' geographic distributions might be much better than previously asserted. For instance, predation, competition, and parasitism are all distinct biotic relationships, but they are all antagonistic biotic interactions that can influence range limits in similar ways by reducing the set of conditions under which a species could persist. Several issues complicate causal inferences from static geographic patterns that have remained problematic in empirical work for decades. These issues are related to spatial autocorrelation and interpretation of range overlap. Theoretical metapopulation models have been developed to understand how range limits can form, although metapopulation processes are understood to be consequences of ecological dynamics that are formally modelled in non-metapopulation models (e.g. per capita effects of interspecific interactions, effects of the abiotic environment). I then discuss methods for empirical tests of various range limit hypotheses. Implementation of different methods will depend on tractability with geography and ecology - many researchers cannot survey remote areas, study demography of long-lived organisms, collect large sample sizes for rare species, or conduct field manipulations. However, at least some of the methods showcased will have applicability f","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}