IET nanobiotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Protective Effect and Mechanism of Nanofiber Membrane Loaded With Curcumin Inclusion Compound in Periodontitis Oxidative Stress","authors":"Xinting Yang,&nbsp;Yingjie Xu,&nbsp;Shulong Guan,&nbsp;Ming Xu,&nbsp;Tengyu Ma,&nbsp;Yuanping Hao,&nbsp;Xinru Yang,&nbsp;Meihua Gao,&nbsp;Wanchun Wang,&nbsp;Yuguang Gao,&nbsp;Yuanfei Wang,&nbsp;Beibei Cong","doi":"10.1049/nbt2/6679414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/nbt2/6679414","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Periodontitis, a leading cause of tooth loss, is conventionally treated by mechanical curettage and antibiotics, which may cause adverse effects. Curcumin (Cur), a natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, shows therapeutic potential but suffers from low solubility and bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, we developed an electrospun nanofiber membrane (HP-Cur-IC/poly-L-lactone-co-ε-caprolactone [PLCL]) containing cyclodextrin-encapsulated Cur for localized sustained drug delivery within periodontal pockets. The resulting membrane exhibited improved water solubility, mechanical strength, and drug release profile. It demonstrated significant antioxidant and antibacterial effects, as evidenced by reductions in oxidative stress markers and bacterial viability. Furthermore, the membrane modulated the JAK2/STAT3 and ERK/JNK/p38 signaling pathways, alleviating oxidative damage in periodontal tissues. These findings suggest that the HP-Cur-IC/PLCL nanofiber membrane represents a promising nonsurgical strategy for periodontitis treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13393,"journal":{"name":"IET nanobiotechnology","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nbt2/6679414","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147686376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitive and Cost-Effective Detection of Gamma Rays Using Cd-Functionalized QTF and MEMS–Based Microcantilever Sensors","authors":"Sawsan Aldusaymani,&nbsp;Shuruq Alotaibi,&nbsp;Khaled Shamma,&nbsp;Reem Alanazi,&nbsp;Mahmoud Algawati,&nbsp;Hamad Albrithen,&nbsp;Nadyah Alanazi,&nbsp;Abdullah N. Alodhayb","doi":"10.1049/nbt2/1902121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/nbt2/1902121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ionizing radiation poses a serious health risk to humans; therefore, sensitive detection is significant. Gamma rays are a form of ionizing radiation that can pass through the human body and interact with matter through ionization. Several techniques have been conventionally used to detect ionizing radiation. Despite the advantages of current methods, it is important to develop alternative approaches that can provide cost-effective, sensitive, and low-cost radiation detection. Quartz tuning fork (QTF) and microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs) sensors are some of these techniques that have drawn increasing interest. In this work, we aim to detect low doses of gamma radiation with fast response time using a QTF and MEMS sensors coated with cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) with different immersion times 2, 8, and 17 h. The structural and optical properties of quartz and silicon-coated CdCl₂ thin film were also investigated before and after gamma irradiation with different immersion times 2, 8, and 17 h. These properties were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). Comparing the resonance frequency shift (RFS) for the three QTFs–coated CdCl₂, measured using the Quester <i>Q</i>₁₀, the RFS of QTF₈ (8 h immersion time) had an excellent response and was about 1800 Hz in the irradiation region. The root mean square (RMS) roughness (Sq) using AFM and the transmittance using UV–VIS of the samples increase after gamma irradiation. On the other side, the MEMSs–coated CdCl₂ results illustrated that the RFS of MEMS₂ (2 h immersion time) was about 4.2 Hz in the irradiation region, measured using the Picomeasure PM3. AFM and SE supported MEMSs results. Both showed a clear increase in the surface roughness of the CdCl₂ as a coating layer onto the silicon substrate after irradiation. Finally, the QTF–based sensor (QTF₈) was more sensitive than the MEMS–based sensor (MEMS₂) which strongly makes a candidate to be a sensitive detector for low gamma rays.</p>","PeriodicalId":13393,"journal":{"name":"IET nanobiotechnology","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nbt2/1902121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147666130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stellera chamaejasme-Driven Green Nanosilver for Catalysis of Bacteria and Toxic Dye","authors":"Yaxin Hu,&nbsp;Bingbing Li,&nbsp;Yonglin Sun,&nbsp;Sakil Mahmud","doi":"10.1049/nbt2/1723949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/nbt2/1723949","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metal nanoparticles produced via green chemistry routes offer broad potential for nanotechnology, yet their practical deployment is often constrained by colloidal instability and aggregation. Herein, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using phytonutrients in <i>Stellera chamaejasme</i> L. <i>S. chamaejasme</i> root extract (SCRE), which served as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The synthesis was optimized through a one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) approach, enabling precise control of reaction conditions. A characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 402 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs and the appearance of a distinct yellow coloration. Under optimal conditions, the AgNPs were spherical, uniformly dispersed, and highly crystalline, with an average size of 23.3 ± 3.3 nm and a d-spacing of 0.236 nm. Selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns confirmed a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. The biogenic AgNPs demonstrated strong antibacterial efficacy, achieving &gt;98.5% reductions in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) with inhibition zones of 14.25 ± 1.43 mm and 12.34 ± 1.2 mm, respectively. Furthermore, they catalyzed the degradation of reactive yellow 179 dye, achieving nearly 100% removal within 30 min, following pseudo-first-order kinetics (<i>k</i> = 0.11155 min⁻¹, <i>R</i>² = 0.9973). These results highlight the potential of SCRE-mediated AgNPs for applications in antimicrobial coatings and sustainable wastewater treatment, particularly in textile effluents.</p>","PeriodicalId":13393,"journal":{"name":"IET nanobiotechnology","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nbt2/1723949","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147666079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naïve Edible PVLNs: Emerging Versatile Biomaterial in Clinical Strategy","authors":"Le Zhou,&nbsp;Junqiu Ma,&nbsp;Jiawei Tian,&nbsp;Yao Xue,&nbsp;Chenyang Hu,&nbsp;Xueyan Zang,&nbsp;Wenrong Xu,&nbsp;Jiajia Jiang","doi":"10.1049/nbt2/3584549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/nbt2/3584549","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Naïve edible plant vesicle-like nanoparticles (PVLNs) could be acted as innovative therapeutic strategies due to their versatile role, such as antitumor, antiaging, anti-inflammation, and drug delivery. The advantages of edible PVLNs have displayed notable benefits including low toxicity, minimal side effects, nonimmunogenicity, and cost-effective scalability for large-scale production. In this review, we systematically summarize the methods including the extraction, isolation, and characterization of PVLNs; demonstrate a variety of bioactive components; and evaluate the application potential in disease treatment. PVLNs present promising potential as safe, sustainable, and multifunctional delivery systems for future applications in clinics and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":13393,"journal":{"name":"IET nanobiotechnology","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nbt2/3584549","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147666051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zn-Conjugated Graphene Oxide Nanoparticle–Mediated Inhibition of Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (hIAPP) Amyloid Formation: Their Synergistic Effects","authors":"Mahboobeh Nazari,&nbsp;Rahman Emamzadeh,&nbsp;Marzieh Rezaei,&nbsp;Maryam Yousefi,&nbsp;Soheila Mohammadi,&nbsp;Mansour Shahedi,&nbsp;Arash Minai-Tehrani,&nbsp;Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi","doi":"10.1049/nbt2/6621537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/nbt2/6621537","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) oligomers, formed through an accumulation pathway, are toxic to insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells and are considered to contribute for β-cell death and insulin deficiency commonly observed in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. In this study, we investigated and compared the antiaggregation effects of several nanoparticles (NPs) including zinc acetate, graphene oxide (GO), and zinc-conjugated GO (GO–NH₂–Zn) on their interactions with hIAPP. For this purpose, GO was purchased and subsequently conjugated with zinc acetate. Recombinant hIAPP was produced and its amyloidogenic behavior was evaluated in the presence of different concentrations of GO, zinc acetate, and GO–NH₂–Zn. Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to examine the amyloid behavior of the protein. Additionally, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of amyloid particles alone and in the presence of GO–NH₂–Zn NP were recorded. A cell toxicity assay revealed these NPs protected insulin-secreting NIT-1 pancreatic β-cells from hIAPP–induced toxicity. TEM images and ThT fluorescence spectra confirmed the reduction in hIAPP aggregation in the presence of GO–NH₂–Zn. Our results clearly demonstrated that both zinc acetate and GO extended the lag-phase latency to form amyloid fibrils, while GO–NH₂–Zn exerted a synergistic inhibitory effect on fibril formation. Furthermore, when GO–NH₂–Zn was incubated with fetal bovine serum (FBS) to form a hard corona mimicking in vivo circumstances, it effectively prevented the formation of amyloid as expected. Our study suggests that the GO–NH₂–Zn, as an antiaggregation NP, has potential for use in designing new nanomedicine agents to inhibit hIAPP fibril formation and treat T2D disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":13393,"journal":{"name":"IET nanobiotechnology","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nbt2/6621537","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Comparison of Droplet-Based and Microwell-Based Platforms for Comprehensive Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis in Clinical Samples","authors":"Shuai Wang,&nbsp;Yuxian Feng,&nbsp;Qiongdan Zhang,&nbsp;Yue Cui,&nbsp;Yi Qiao,&nbsp;Hao Huang,&nbsp;Xuan Pan,&nbsp;Jing Tu","doi":"10.1049/nbt2/9314222","DOIUrl":"10.1049/nbt2/9314222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is widely utilized in tumor research. However, platform-specific technical biases may impact data interpretation. This study compared the performance of droplet- and microwell-based scRNA-seq platforms in the analysis of clinical samples. Despite the similarities after batch effect correction, significant differences were observed in multiple aspects, including mRNA preference, cell type restoration, and gene expression patterns. The droplet-based platform captured a higher proportion of immune cells, whereas the microwell-based platform provided a more accurate immune cell representation. Differential gene expression, pseudotime, and cell–cell communication analyses further revealed platform-dependent variations across multiple aspects. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into platform selection and optimization for cross-platform data integration in single-cell transcriptomics.</p>","PeriodicalId":13393,"journal":{"name":"IET nanobiotechnology","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12933413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147305395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic Insights Into Protein Aggregation Inhibition by Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles: A Study on Human Lysozyme","authors":"Md. Tauqir Alam,&nbsp;Mohd. Ahmar Rauf,&nbsp;Arman Khan,&nbsp;Rizwan Hussain","doi":"10.1049/nbt2/2694374","DOIUrl":"10.1049/nbt2/2694374","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A characteristic of many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, is amyloidogenic protein aggregation, for which there are currently no proven cures. Aging, mutation, and physiological stress can cause proteins to deviate from their natural folding patterns, potentially leading to the formation of hazardous protein aggregates. Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs), due to their unique physicochemical properties, have emerged as promising tools in biomedicine, with applications ranging from tissue engineering to drug delivery and diagnostics. Although concerns regarding cytotoxicity exist, small-sized silver (Ag) NPs (AgNPs) have demonstrated potential in antiviral, anticancer, and antibacterial therapies. This study investigated the development of biocompatible AgNPs using a green synthesis approach and examined their chaperone-like activity against protein aggregation, emphasizing the role of meticulous in vitro design. Human lysozyme (HLZ) served as a model protein for aggregation inhibition assays. Biogenic AgNPs exhibited a concentration-dependent effect on HLZ aggregation, demonstrating an optimal inhibitory concentration, followed by a decrease in efficacy at higher concentrations. Furthermore, astrocytes treated with AgNPs displayed reduced protein aggregation, suggesting a chaperone-like behavior. The initial phase focused on the detailed characterization of AgNPs synthesized using orange juice extract. Subsequently, this study explored the mechanistic understanding of AgNP-mediated inhibition of protein aggregation under controlled conditions. A battery of biophysical techniques, including circular dichroism (CD), 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence, thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence, Congo red (CR) assay, and turbidity measurements, was employed to meticulously assess the inhibitory effect on HLZ aggregation in vitro.</p>","PeriodicalId":13393,"journal":{"name":"IET nanobiotechnology","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12809263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Antiviral Potential of Tungsten Oxide Nanoparticles Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: A Promising Alternative to Acyclovir","authors":"Abdulhussain Kadhim Jwaziri,&nbsp;Pegah Khales,&nbsp;Seyed Jalal Kiani,&nbsp;Homayoun Yaghouti,&nbsp;Roghayeh Babaei,&nbsp;Zahra Salavatiha,&nbsp;Ahmad Tavakoli","doi":"10.1049/nbt2/6697780","DOIUrl":"10.1049/nbt2/6697780","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is responsible for the majority of cold sores, herpetic keratitis-induced blindness, profound skin lesions, and encephalitis that can be fatal. Currently, acyclovir and its derivatives are the first-line therapy for the treatment of HSV-1 infection. But there are drawbacks to these treatments: limited efficacy against drug-resistant strains of the virus. Hence, it is of critical importance to explore and develop new antiviral drugs for HSV-1. In the present study, we explored whether tungsten oxide nanoparticles (WO₃NPs) were potent inhibitors of HSV-1 infection as a new class of agent. WO₃NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and zeta potential analysis. Cytotoxicity of Vero cells caused by WO₃NPs was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was utilized for further verification of the action of the WO₃NPs on HSV-1. The cytotoxicity test showed low toxicity (&lt;20%) of the rod-shaped WO₃NPs when they were assayed on Vero cells at concentrations of up to 700 μg/mL. When HSV-1 was treated with WO₃NPs at 700 µg/mL [20% cytotoxicity concentration (CC₂₀); the concentration causing 20% cytotoxicity, ~80% cell viability] and 1000 µg/mL [50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC₅₀); the concentration causing 50% cytotoxicity, ~50% cell viability] for 3 h, the viral load was significantly reduced, achieving inhibition rates of 99.4% and 99.9%, respectively. Additionally, experiments conducted after HSV-1 infection of Vero cells (post-treatment assays) indicated that WO₃NPs at concentrations of 250, 500, and 750 µg/mL significantly suppressed viral replication, with inhibition rates of 82%, 87.5%, and 96.5%, respectively. WO₃NPs have potent inhibitory effects on HSV-1. Therefore, they can be considered potential candidates for therapeutic development against infections caused by this virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":13393,"journal":{"name":"IET nanobiotechnology","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145951855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication, Characterization, and Antifungal Activity of Chitosan–Cyproconazole Nanocomposite for Simultaneous Wheat Stem Rust Control and Growth Enhancement","authors":"Jafar Fathi-Qarachal,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Moosawi-Jorf,&nbsp;Maryam Nikkhah,&nbsp;Mansoor Karimi-Jashni","doi":"10.1049/nbt2/6628425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/nbt2/6628425","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The stem rust disease caused by obligate biotrophic fungus <i>Puccinia graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> is a worldwide threat to the global wheat production with frequent epidemics leading to widespread reliance on chemical fungicides such as cyproconazole. To reduce fungicide risks on human health and environmental integrity, chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and novel chitosan–cyproconazole nanocomposite (Chi-Cyp) were synthesized. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the size of 80–90 nm and surface charge and uniformity. To evaluate their efficacy against the disease, various concentrations of CNP and Chi-Cyp were applied via irrigation, foliar spray, and a combination of both methods. Wheat seedlings were treated 24 h prior to inoculation, as well as at 48- and 96-h post-inoculation with Pgt urediniospores. Phenotypic assessments conducted 2 weeks post-inoculation revealed that CNPs (100 μg/mL) and Chi-Cyp (1 μg/mL), along with the positive control cyproconazole (10 μg/mL), significantly suppressed stem rust infection. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis corroborated these findings, demonstrating a substantial reduction in fungal biomass in treated plants. Additionally, the impact of the nanomaterials on plant growth parameters was examined. Notably, Chi-Cyp treatment at 50 μg/mL significantly enhanced seedling growth, as evidenced by increased shoot and root lengths, and elevated fresh and dry biomass accumulation. This study highlights the potential of the Chi-Cyp nanocomposite, which contains a 10-fold lower concentration of cyproconazole, to effectively control stem rust with comparable efficacy to the fungicide alone. These findings underscore the promise of nanotechnology-based strategies in sustainable plant disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13393,"journal":{"name":"IET nanobiotechnology","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nbt2/6628425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gum-Assisted Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Guar Extract Focusing on Their Bioactivities","authors":"Asma Sepahdar,&nbsp;Matin Kordestani,&nbsp;Maryam Karkhane,&nbsp;Saeed Bahadori,&nbsp;Suresh Ghotekar,&nbsp;Pegah Shakib,&nbsp;Abdolrazagh Marzban","doi":"10.1049/nbt2/9924353","DOIUrl":"10.1049/nbt2/9924353","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study aims to fabricate eco-friendly, biogenic magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) mediated by ethanol-guar gum extract, which acts as both a reducing and coating/stabilizing agent. The prepared MgO NPs were first synthesized and characterized by various analytical techniques, including UV–visible, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) crystallography. Bioactivity studies included antibacterial studies focusing on the inhibition of a dental caries-causing pathogen, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, by MIC, MBC, well diffusion (WD) agar, antibiofilm, and time-kill (TK) assays. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of MgO NPs were examined. A bacterial adherence study was conducted as the main aim by exposing the bacteria to human teeth in vitro. Findings demonstrated that biogenic MgO NPs were successfully synthesized with flaky morphologies, with an average size of 20–30 nm and the desired purity. FTIR showed possible functional groups, confirming the involvement of guar metabolites in NP formation. The XRD pattern elucidated the crystalline phase of MgO NPs to be a cubic (FCC) periclase structure with a crystallite size of 16.5 nm. Antibacterial experiments showed that MgO NPs had a moderate effect on <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, with MIC and MBC of 32 and 64 µg/mL, respectively. In contrast, chlorhexidine (CHX), doxycycline (Dox), and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) were more effective, while the guar extract showed the weakest inhibition; additionally, antibiofilm assessments were followed by antibacterial outcomes. However, cytotoxicity studies exhibited the least toxicity for MgO NPs compared with other compounds. The dental adherence test also showed that MgO NPs can inhibit bacterial interactions with the dental surface without inhibiting bacterial growth at sub-MIC concentrations. Meanwhile, other groups killed them rapidly before they could adhere to teeth. Here, biocompatibility and long-term antibacterial effectiveness were advantages of biogenic MgO NPs over other compounds that have been shown to be toxic to the host over long-term consumption. Therefore, guar extract-mediated MgO NPs demonstrated that they can be a favorable alternative for biofilm control in dental health without toxicity to related tissues in the oral cavity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13393,"journal":{"name":"IET nanobiotechnology","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nbt2/9924353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145887527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}