In vivo最新文献

{"title":"Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Carbon-ion Radiotherapy for Thoracic Chordoma: A Case Report.","authors":"Daisuke Irie, Shintaro Shiba, Yuhei Miyasaka, Masahiko Okamoto, Yukihiko Yoshimatsu, Kei Shibuya, Hiroki Kiyohara, Tatsuya Ohno","doi":"10.21873/invivo.14042","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.14042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>We report a case of inoperable thoracic chordoma successfully treated with carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT).</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 65-year-old male patient underwent computed tomography for evaluation of a benign thyroid nodule and was incidentally diagnosed with thoracic chordoma without metastasis. A physical examination revealed increased tendon reflexes in the lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tumour measuring 52 mm in maximum diameter, located from the seventh cervical to the third thoracic vertebrae, compressing a wide area of the spinal cord. The patient was unsuitable for surgery due to the high risk of severe postoperative neurological dysfunction. The patient received C-ion RT at a total dose of 64.0 Gy (relative biological effectiveness), delivered in 16 fractions. The patient completed C-ion RT as scheduled; however, the patient experienced transient Lhermitte's sign, classified as grade 1 acute neuropathy, during treatment. The patient is alive 96 months after C-ion RT initiation with no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis, remains ambulatory, and has developed no grade 2 or higher toxicities other than the grade 1 neuropathy that was present prior to the initiation of C-ion RT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed a favourable local response with manageable toxicity in a patient with thoracic chordoma treated with C-ion RT. Although this is a single-case report, our findings suggest that C-ion RT could be considered a viable treatment option for thoracic chordomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"39 4","pages":"2429-2435"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12223637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Recurrent Aneurysmal Bone Cyst in a Dog Using Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2-loaded Alginate Microbeads.","authors":"Chaelim Lee, Kyu-Won Kang, Byung-Jae Kang","doi":"10.21873/invivo.13997","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.13997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign osteolytic lesions associated with lameness and present therapeutic challenges due to their frequent recurrence following surgery. This case report describes the surgical management and long-term outcomes of recurrent femoral ABC in a dog treated with multiple adjuvant therapies, including bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-loaded alginate microbeads.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 2-year-old neutered male Golden Retriever presented with right hindlimb lameness. Three months before, the dog underwent initial surgical curettage and bone grafting of a femoral lesion, confirmed as ABC by histopathology. Radiographs revealed an osteolytic lesion in the right distal femur with resorption of previously applied bone grafts. Revision surgery involved curettage and a high-speed burring, followed by filling the defect with cancellous bone autografts, bone marrow, BMP-2-loaded alginate microbeads, and BMP-2-soaked cancellous bone allograft chips. The dog restored normal gait within two months postoperatively. Follow-up radiographs indicated progressive bone formation without recurrence. The dog remained asymptomatic 29 months after the revision surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combined use of a high-speed burr, BMP-2-loaded alginate microbeads, and bone graft materials resulted in favorable clinical outcomes in recurrent ABC, without recurrence up to 29 months postoperatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"39 4","pages":"2004-2012"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12223652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RXRG as a Novel Biomarker and its Correlation With Immune Infiltration in Thyroid Carcinoma.","authors":"Pengzhao Song, Tianqi Chen, Pengfei Gu, Yahui Sun, Yong Han","doi":"10.21873/invivo.13998","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.13998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Thyroid carcinoma (THCA) is the most prevalent type of endocrine cancer. Retinoid X Receptor Gamma (RXRG) encodes a member of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) family of nuclear receptors that are involved in mediating the antiproliferative effects of retinoic acid (RA). However, the role of RXRG in THCA remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Multiple public databases were utilized to investigate RXRG expression in THCA and its role in THCA prognosis, analyze the RXRG co-expressed genes and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, as well as to analyze the immune cell infiltration in THCA using enrichment analysis and the association of RXRG expression with immune cell infiltration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression of RXRG is higher in THCA tissues than in normal thyroid tissues. In THCA, a reduced expression of RXRG is associated with poor prognosis. Both the pathological stage and RXRG expression are independent risk factors for the overall survival (OS) of THCA patients. RXRG is mainly associated with signaling pathways such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, interleukin signaling, and interleukin-18 signaling pathway, all of which may be related to immunity. Finally, it was found that the expression of RXRG is associated with the infiltration of various immune cells and may affect the prognosis of patients through changes in the immune environment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RXRG has a significant impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME) of THCA, potentially serving as a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of this malignancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"39 4","pages":"2013-2034"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12223614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teriparatide Does Not Exacerbate Bone Metastases in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis Model.","authors":"Takashi Kawaragi, Hiroyuki Tsuchie, Hiroyuki Nagasawa, Michio Hongo, Yuji Kasukawa, Koji Nozaka, Fumihito Kasama, Keita Oya, Manabu Watanabe, Kenta Tominaga, Naohisa Miyakoshi","doi":"10.21873/invivo.13992","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.13992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Breast cancer frequently metastasizes to bone, and chemotherapy and hormone therapy can increase osteoporosis risk. Teriparatide (TPTD), an osteoporosis treatment that promotes bone formation, is contraindicated in patients with bone metastases due to concerns about osteosarcoma in animal studies. However, its effects on metastatic bone tumors remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate TPTD's effects on breast cancer bone metastases using a mouse model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>C57BL/6 mice were injected with E0771 breast cancer cells to establish bone metastasis and breast cancer models. Mice were assigned to the vehicle-treated group (control) or to the TPTD-treated group (80 μg/kg, subcutaneously three times weekly). Tumor weight, volume, bone destruction, pathological fractures, distant metastasis, tumor proliferation (Ki-67, BrdU), and bone microstructure were assessed at 4 and 6 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both models, no significant differences in tumor weight or volume were observed between the TPTD and control groups. In the bone metastasis model, bone destruction and pathological fractures were not significantly different. No distant metastasis was observed and there were no significant differences in the percentages of Ki-67-positive and BrdU-positive cells in both models. In the bone microstructure analysis at 6 weeks post-injection, bone volume/tissue volume and trabecular thickness increased in the bone metastasis model in the TPTD group (<i>p</i>=0.02 and <i>p</i><0.01, respectively), and trabecular separation decreased in the TPTD group (<i>p</i>=0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TPTD did not cause tumor growth, pathological fractures, or bone destruction in our <i>in vivo</i> models, indicating that it may be safe for use in breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"39 4","pages":"1932-1940"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12223623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penile Oxygen Saturation in Japanese Men Before and After Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy.","authors":"Ryo Sato, Toshiki Ito, Kyohei Watanabe, Yuto Matsushita, Hiromitsu Watanabe, Keita Tamura, Daisuke Motoyama, Atsushi Otsuka, Hideaki Miyake","doi":"10.21873/invivo.14033","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.14033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate changes in penile oxygen saturation in Japanese patients before and after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>The present study included 33 Japanese patients who underwent RARP between June 2018 and February 2024. Tissue oxygen saturation (StO₂) was measured in the glans, bilateral corpora, and both thighs before and after surgery using Toccare™, a tissue oximeter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nerve-sparing procedures were achieved as follows: right side, 16 patients (48.5%); left side, 11 (33.3%); bilateral, 4 (12.1%); none, 2 (6.1%). In all patients, no significant difference was observed in StO₂ in the bilateral thighs before and after surgery, whereas a significant decrease was noted in the glans and bilateral corpora after surgery. StO₂ in the glans and bilateral corpora significantly decreased in 20 patients in the right-side nerve-sparing group and 15 in the left-side nerve-sparing group, and nerve-sparing procedures did not correlate with changes in StO₂.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>StO₂ in the glans and bilateral corpora decrease after RARP irrespective of whether a nerve-sparing procedure is performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"39 4","pages":"2357-2362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12223666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Outcomes of Robot-assisted <i>Versus</i> Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection in Mid-to-low Rectal Cancer: A Propensity Score-matched Study on Complications and Permanent Stoma Rates.","authors":"Hsin Hsu, Jeng-Fu You, Chun-Kai Liao, Tzong-Yun Tsai, Shu-Huan Huang","doi":"10.21873/invivo.14037","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.14037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>While some research has revealed the potential short-term advantages of robot-assisted low anterior resection (LAR) in patients with mid-to-low rectal cancer, studies focusing on the permanent stoma rate remain limited.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis on a continuous series of patients with non-metastatic mid-to-low rectal cancer. Between 2016 and 2020, these patients underwent either robot-assisted or traditional laparoscopic LAR at a single center. We used a propensity score matching technique, and the participants were matched in a 1:2 ratio and a caliper of 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After matching, our cohort consisted of 44 patients from the robot-assisted LAR group and 88 from the laparoscopic LAR group. The long-term results, such as overall survival, cancer-free survival, and local and distant recurrence rates were similar between the two groups. However, the robot-assisted group exhibited a notably shorter average post-surgery hospitalization (10.8 <i>vs</i>. 16.7 days, <i>p</i>=0.001), reduced incidence of anastomotic leakage (11.4% <i>vs</i>. 37.5%, <i>p</i><0.001), fewer patients requiring a permanent stoma (13.6% <i>vs</i>. 29.5% <i>p</i>=0.044), and significantly lower occurrences of grade III Clavien-Dindo surgical complications. Furthermore, the robot-assisted procedures had a diminished frequency of firing three or more staplers (2.3% <i>vs</i>. 26.1%, <i>p</i>=0.001). A multivariate logistic regression indicated that robot-assisted LAR is independently associated with a reduced risk of permanent stoma (odds ratio=0.28, <i>p</i>=0.033, 95% confidence interval=0.087-0.901).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with mid-to-low rectal cancer, robot-assisted LAR, despite comparable long-term survival and recurrence rates, displayed reduced complications, including fewer instances of anastomotic leakage and permanent stoma requirements than its laparoscopic counterpart. These findings imply the potential superiority of robot-assisted surgical techniques for mid-to-low rectal patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"39 4","pages":"2387-2396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12223633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Serum Biomarkers for Blast-induced Traumatic Brain Injuries: Low <i>vs</i>. High-intensity Exposure in a Rat Model.","authors":"Alakesh Bera, Madhan Subhramanian, Pushpa Sharma","doi":"10.21873/invivo.13984","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.13984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly from blast exposures, is a growing global health concern due to increasing international conflicts and terrorist attacks. Blast exposure involves whole-body impact; however, the specific effects on the brain remain inadequately defined. This study aimed to identify serum-based protein biomarkers that could serve as non-invasive indicators for early detection and prediction of long-term outcomes of blast-induced TBI (bTBI), and to assess other organ-specific responses. Focus was given to proteins associated with inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and brain-specific injury.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to repeated blast waves at either 10 pounds per square inch (PSI) or 20 PSI, while sham animals underwent identical procedures without blast exposure (n=8 per group). Serum samples were collected on day 0 (pre-injury) and day 28 (post-injury/sham). Protein levels were quantified using high-throughput western blotting and Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) multiplex assays. Key proteins analyzed included hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), C-peptide, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), ghrelin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant elevations in serum HIF-1α (<i>p</i>=0.017) and GFAP (<i>p</i>=0.011) were observed at day 28 following 20 PSI blast, indicating hypoxic stress and astrocyte activation. Levels of FGF-21 (<i>p</i><0.035), ghrelin (<i>p</i><0.05), and BDNF (<i>p</i><0.05) were also significantly altered, whereas C-peptide and GLP-1 showed no significant changes (<i>p</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum HIF-1α, GFAP, and BDNF may serve as brain-specific biomarkers, while FGF-21 and ghrelin represent potential systemic markers for differentiating blast intensity and guiding therapeutic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"39 4","pages":"1840-1851"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12223624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Seronegative Lupus Nephritis Detected Incidentally by Renal Biopsy.","authors":"Akira Mima, Takamasa Matsuki, Takahiro Nakamoto, Yuta Saito, Takaaki Morikawa, Sakura Kure, Keishi Matsumoto, Shinji Lee","doi":"10.21873/invivo.14029","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.14029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN) are autoimmune diseases that affect multiple organ systems with the production of pathological autoantibodies.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We describe the case of a 19-year-old man who had microscopic hematuria and mild proteinuria. No skin rash, joint symptoms, serositis, neuropathy, or cytopenia were observed. Renal biopsy revealed the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane, granular deposits of C1q along mesangial areas, and high electron density deposits in basement membrane on the epithelial side of the glomerulus. After operating renal biopsy, laboratory tests were performed and the results were not associated with SLE. This leads to the diagnosis of class V seronegative LN. The patient achieved remission only with angiotensin II receptor blocker without immunosuppressive drugs. There have been few reports of seronegative LN.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our case report presents a case of seronegative LN identified incidentally during renal biopsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"39 4","pages":"2328-2332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12223612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation Revisited.","authors":"Jun Nishio, Yuki Shinohara, Shizuhide Nakayama, Mikoro Koga, Mikiko Aoki, Takamasa Koga","doi":"10.21873/invivo.13981","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.13981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) is a rare benign surface-based bone lesion that primarily occurs in the hands and feet of young and early middle-aged adults. The lesion presents as a firm, usually painless mass of variable duration. Radiographs reveal a well-defined, pedunculated or sessile mass arising from the cortical surface of bone without altering the architecture of the underlying cortex. On magnetic resonance imaging, BPOP shows low to intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and variable signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Marked enhancement is often seen after intravenous contrast administration. Histologically, the lesion is composed of an admixture of cartilage, bone and fibrous tissue. Between the cartilage and bone is a characteristic basophilic stroma, so called \"blue bone\". Immunohistochemistry does not play a significant role in the diagnosis of BPOP. Cytogenetic studies have demonstrated recurrent chromosomal abnormalities, including t(1;17)(q32-42;q21-23), inv(7)(q21.2-22q31.3-32) and inv(6)(p25q15). Most recently, gene rearrangements of collagen type I alpha 1 chain (<i>COL1A1</i>) or collagen type I alpha 2 chain (<i>COL1A2</i>) have been identified in a significant subset of cases. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for symptomatic BPOP, but its local recurrence rate is relatively high. This review provides an updated overview of the clinicopathological, radiological, cytogenetic and molecular genetic features of BPOP and discusses the differential diagnosis of this uncommon lesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"39 4","pages":"1799-1809"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12223608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronous HPV-related Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Type AB Thymoma: Successful Cancer Treatment Complicated by Fatal COVID-19 Infection.","authors":"Ruohao Fan, Ying Gao, Melissa Y Tian, Lily Xu, Yuanpei Li, Jinping Lai","doi":"10.21873/invivo.14003","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.14003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Patients with synchronous tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and mediastinal thymoma are exceedingly rare. We present this case to highlight the diagnostic challenges and complex treatment decisions required when managing dual primary malignancies.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 63-year-old man presented with a 4-week history of throat discomfort. Initial examination revealed a right tonsillar mass, a mediastinal mass, and mild elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. A biopsy of the tonsil demonstrated p16-positive SCC, and a computed tomography (CT)-guided needle biopsy of the mediastinal mass revealed a thymoma, type AB. Following a multidisciplinary tumor board discussion, the patient underwent definitive external beam radiotherapy to the oropharynx [66 gray (Gy) in 33 fractions over 50 days] with concurrent high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy. Despite supportive measures, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia occurred one-month post-radiotherapy, exacerbating his respiratory compromise. Six months later, he received a robotic-assisted thymectomy and lung wedge resection for the thymoma, during which the involved phrenic nerve was meticulously preserved. Histopathology confirmed malignant thymoma without metastasis. The patient recovered very well. However, recurrent COVID-19 infection and multifocal pneumonia two months post-surgery deteriorated his respiratory status, leading to home hospice care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case with synchronous tonsillar SCC and mediastinal thymoma. This case underscores the complexity of treating synchronous malignancies and illustrates how multidisciplinary collaboration is pivotal for optimal outcomes, particularly when managing evolving complications and balancing aggressive therapies against overall patient well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"39 4","pages":"2085-2090"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12223625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}