Identification of Serum Biomarkers for Blast-induced Traumatic Brain Injuries: Low vs. High-intensity Exposure in a Rat Model.

IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
In vivo Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI:10.21873/invivo.13984
Alakesh Bera, Madhan Subhramanian, Pushpa Sharma
{"title":"Identification of Serum Biomarkers for Blast-induced Traumatic Brain Injuries: Low <i>vs</i>. High-intensity Exposure in a Rat Model.","authors":"Alakesh Bera, Madhan Subhramanian, Pushpa Sharma","doi":"10.21873/invivo.13984","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly from blast exposures, is a growing global health concern due to increasing international conflicts and terrorist attacks. Blast exposure involves whole-body impact; however, the specific effects on the brain remain inadequately defined. This study aimed to identify serum-based protein biomarkers that could serve as non-invasive indicators for early detection and prediction of long-term outcomes of blast-induced TBI (bTBI), and to assess other organ-specific responses. Focus was given to proteins associated with inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and brain-specific injury.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to repeated blast waves at either 10 pounds per square inch (PSI) or 20 PSI, while sham animals underwent identical procedures without blast exposure (n=8 per group). Serum samples were collected on day 0 (pre-injury) and day 28 (post-injury/sham). Protein levels were quantified using high-throughput western blotting and Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) multiplex assays. Key proteins analyzed included hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), C-peptide, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), ghrelin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant elevations in serum HIF-1α (<i>p</i>=0.017) and GFAP (<i>p</i>=0.011) were observed at day 28 following 20 PSI blast, indicating hypoxic stress and astrocyte activation. Levels of FGF-21 (<i>p</i><0.035), ghrelin (<i>p</i><0.05), and BDNF (<i>p</i><0.05) were also significantly altered, whereas C-peptide and GLP-1 showed no significant changes (<i>p</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum HIF-1α, GFAP, and BDNF may serve as brain-specific biomarkers, while FGF-21 and ghrelin represent potential systemic markers for differentiating blast intensity and guiding therapeutic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"39 4","pages":"1840-1851"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"In vivo","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.13984","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background/aim: Traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly from blast exposures, is a growing global health concern due to increasing international conflicts and terrorist attacks. Blast exposure involves whole-body impact; however, the specific effects on the brain remain inadequately defined. This study aimed to identify serum-based protein biomarkers that could serve as non-invasive indicators for early detection and prediction of long-term outcomes of blast-induced TBI (bTBI), and to assess other organ-specific responses. Focus was given to proteins associated with inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and brain-specific injury.

Materials and methods: Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to repeated blast waves at either 10 pounds per square inch (PSI) or 20 PSI, while sham animals underwent identical procedures without blast exposure (n=8 per group). Serum samples were collected on day 0 (pre-injury) and day 28 (post-injury/sham). Protein levels were quantified using high-throughput western blotting and Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) multiplex assays. Key proteins analyzed included hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), C-peptide, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), ghrelin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1).

Results: Significant elevations in serum HIF-1α (p=0.017) and GFAP (p=0.011) were observed at day 28 following 20 PSI blast, indicating hypoxic stress and astrocyte activation. Levels of FGF-21 (p<0.035), ghrelin (p<0.05), and BDNF (p<0.05) were also significantly altered, whereas C-peptide and GLP-1 showed no significant changes (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Serum HIF-1α, GFAP, and BDNF may serve as brain-specific biomarkers, while FGF-21 and ghrelin represent potential systemic markers for differentiating blast intensity and guiding therapeutic development.

大鼠爆炸致创伤性脑损伤的血清生物标志物鉴定:低强度与高强度暴露
背景/目的:由于国际冲突和恐怖袭击的增加,创伤性脑损伤,特别是爆炸造成的创伤性脑损伤,已成为一个日益严重的全球健康问题。爆炸暴露涉及全身冲击;然而,对大脑的具体影响仍然没有充分的定义。本研究旨在鉴定基于血清的蛋白质生物标志物,这些标志物可作为无创指标,用于爆炸诱导的TBI (bTBI)的早期检测和长期预后预测,并评估其他器官特异性反应。重点是与炎症、线粒体功能障碍和脑特异性损伤相关的蛋白质。材料和方法:成年雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠暴露在10磅/平方英寸(PSI)或20磅/平方英寸(PSI)的重复冲击波中,而假动物在没有爆炸暴露的情况下进行相同的程序(每组n=8)。在第0天(损伤前)和第28天(损伤后/假手术)采集血清样本。使用高通量western blotting和Meso Scale Discovery (MSD)多重测定法定量蛋白质水平。分析的关键蛋白包括缺氧诱导因子1- α (HIF-1α)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、c肽、成纤维细胞生长因子21 (FGF-21)、胃饥饿素和胰高血糖素样肽1 (GLP-1)。结果:20 PSI爆炸后第28天血清HIF-1α (p=0.017)和GFAP (p=0.011)显著升高,提示缺氧应激和星形胶质细胞活化。FGF-21水平(pppp>0.05)。结论:血清HIF-1α、GFAP和BDNF可能是脑特异性生物标志物,而FGF-21和ghrelin可能是区分母细胞强度和指导治疗发展的潜在系统标志物。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
In vivo
In vivo 医学-医学:研究与实验
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
4.30%
发文量
330
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: IN VIVO is an international peer-reviewed journal designed to bring together original high quality works and reviews on experimental and clinical biomedical research within the frames of physiology, pathology and disease management. The topics of IN VIVO include: 1. Experimental development and application of new diagnostic and therapeutic procedures; 2. Pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of new drugs, drug combinations and drug delivery systems; 3. Clinical trials; 4. Development and characterization of models of biomedical research; 5. Cancer diagnosis and treatment; 6. Immunotherapy and vaccines; 7. Radiotherapy, Imaging; 8. Tissue engineering, Regenerative medicine; 9. Carcinogenesis.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信