In vivo最新文献

{"title":"The Clinical Impact of Textbook Outcome in Patients With Stage 1 Gastric Cancer Who Received Laparoscopy-assisted Gastrectomy or Robotic-assisted Gastrectomy.","authors":"Toru Aoyama, Haruhiko Cho, Hideaki Suematsu, Kentaro Hara, Aya Saito","doi":"10.21873/invivo.14316","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.14316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>We evaluated the clinical impact of textbook outcome (TO) in patients with stage I gastric cancer (GC) who underwent minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Moreover, we identified the risk factors associated with achieving TO in these patients.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Patients were selected from the database of the Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital between 2005 and 2025. Our definition of TO comprised 10 items: complete (potentially curative) resection, R0 resection, retrieval of more than 16 lymph nodes, no intraoperative complications, no severe postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher), no reintervention after surgery, no unplanned ICU/HCU admission, no readmission within 30 days after discharge, no prolonged hospital stay (defined as more than 21 days after surgery), and no mortality within 30 days after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 889 patients who underwent MIS and were pathologically diagnosed with stage I GC. Among them, 621 patients (69.8%) achieved TO, whereas 268 patients (30.2%) did not. The most frequent reason for failure to achieve TO was prolonged hospital stay (>21 days after surgery) (17.5%), followed by postoperative surgical complications (15.4%). In the multivariate analysis, age [odds ratio (OR)=1.619), BMI (OR=1.849), and type of gastrectomy (OR=1.674) were identified as independent risk factors for failure to achieve TO. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 97.5% in patients who achieved TO and 94.7% in those who did not, showing a significant difference between the two groups (<i>p</i>=0.041).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TO achievement rate was approximately 70%, and failure to achieve TO was associated with age, preoperative BMI, and type of gastrectomy. Achievement of TO was associated not only with favorable short-term outcomes but also with improved long-term oncological outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"40 3","pages":"1654-1662"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of an EHR-based Algorithm for Identifying <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia.","authors":"Y U Kitamura, Masami Tsuchiya, Hirotoshi Iihara, Shuji Sakurai, Junki Endo, Keisuke Kumada, Yukari Tsubata","doi":"10.21873/invivo.14322","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.14322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong><i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pneumonia (PCP) remains a life-threatening opportunistic infection in patients receiving chemotherapy and other immunosuppressive cancer treatments. Accurate identification of true PCP cases within real-world electronic health record (EHR) databases is essential for epidemiological research and optimization of prophylactic strategies in oncology practice. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a practical, EHR-based algorithm for reliably identifying PCP cases.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This retrospective, single-center validation study used EHR data from a Japanese university hospital between April 2022 and March 2024. Adult patients (≧20 years) who were assigned an ICD-10 code for PCP were extracted, and true cases were confirmed by a detailed review of the patient records. Seven candidate algorithms combining diagnostic codes, therapeutic-dose anti-PCP prescriptions, laboratory testing, chemotherapy exposure, and prescription duration were evaluated. The positive predictive value (PPV) and capture rate were then calculated using chart-confirmed PCP as the reference standard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 617 ICD-coded patients, 11 (1.8%) were confirmed as true PCP cases. The PPV of diagnostic codes alone was 1.8%. A prescription-enhanced algorithm (A1) identified 12 patients, including 11 true cases (PPV=91.7%; capture rate 100%). Algorithms incorporating β-D-glucan or PCR testing achieved PPVs of 100% with lower capture rates (63.6-81.8%). Incorporation of concurrent chemotherapy also resulted in a PPV of 100% with reduced capture. An algorithm requiring therapeutic-dose prescription for ≥21 days showed equivalent performance to A1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prescription-based algorithms substantially improve the accuracy of PCP case identification in EHR data compared with diagnostic codes alone. This straightforward, scalable approach offers a robust framework for real-world oncology research, enabling a more reliable evaluation of PCP incidence and informing future prophylaxis strategies for patients receiving anticancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"40 3","pages":"1715-1721"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Early Response to Selumetinib Therapy in Adolescents and Children With NF1-related Plexiform Neurofibromas.","authors":"Jagoda Styczyńska, Agata Marjańska, Agnieszka Jatczak-Gaca, Marek Karwacki, Justyna Walenciak, Katarzyna Garus, Katarzyna Bilska, Agnieszka Mizia-Malarz, Wanda Badowska, Dorota Sławińska, Jadwiga Węcławek-Tompol, Radosław Chaber, Ewa Bień, Michalina Jezierska, Grażyna Karolczyk, Jolanta Skalska-Sadowska, Jan Styczyński","doi":"10.21873/invivo.14312","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.14312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Following approval from the European Medicines Agency, selumetinib has emerged as a targeted therapy for pediatric patients aged ≥3 years with inoperable, symptomatic NF1-related plexiform neurofibromas (PNs). In Poland, this treatment has been reimbursed since January 2024 under a national therapeutic program funded by the National Health Service. Nevertheless, the efficacy and safety of selumetinib in subgroups within the pediatric population remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of selumetinib treatment in adolescents (≥16 years old) compared with younger children with NF1-related PNs.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A total of 111 patients were included in the program over a two-year period. Patients were divided into two groups according to age: adolescents (≥16 years of age) and children (<16 years of age). Demographic characteristics, PN location, treatment efficacy and adverse effects were analyzed and compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Response rates at the first and second evaluation time point were similar between the groups. However, at the third time point, the response rate was significantly higher in children <i>vs</i>. adolescents (56.0% <i>vs</i>. 18.2%; odds ratio=5.7; 95% confidence interval=1.02-32; <i>p</i>=0.035). Skin-related adverse effects were the most common in both groups, and only isolated cases required selumetinib dose reduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early response to selumetinib therapy is achieved faster in children than in adolescents. Selumetinib is generally well tolerated in both age groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"40 3","pages":"1621-1627"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise Stimulates <i>PINK-1, PARKIN, MFN-1</i>, and <i>ATG-3</i> Genes Expression Despite High-fat Diet: Tissue-specific Responses.","authors":"Sermin Durak, Saadet Busra Aksoyer Sezgin, Faruk Celik, Yasemin Yilmazer, Aydin Cevik, Ozlem Kucukhuseyin, Ilhan Yaylim, Umit Zeybek","doi":"10.21873/invivo.14298","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.14298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Adipose tissue is pivotal in regulating metabolism, functioning not only as an energy store but also as an endocrine organe. Our investigation focused on the gene expression levels of <i>PARKIN, ATG-3, PINK-1</i> and <i>MFN-1</i> in C57BL/6J mice subjected to a high-fat diet and exercise regimen. The C57BL/6J mouse model was chosen due to its well-documented genetic background to diet-induced obesity for studying obesity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study consisted of three groups: control (C), high-fat diet (HFD), and exercise-high fat diet (E-HFD) groups. While HFD and E-HFD mice received a 60% fat diet, controls received a 10% fat diet. Real-time polymerase chain reaction system was applied to evaluate gene expression levels in hepatic, adipose, and heart tissues. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum were quantified using ELISA kits according to the protocols.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In contrast to the control and HFD groups, the E-HFD group exhibited notably elevated gene expressions of <i>ATG-3</i> and <i>PINK-1</i> (<i>p</i><0.05). In the hepatic tissue of E-HFD group, gene expression of <i>MFN-1</i> and <i>PARKIN</i> were significantly upregulated (<i>p</i><0.05). However, there was a significant reduction in <i>PARKIN</i> and <i>MFN-1</i> gene expression in the hepatic tissues of the HFD group (<i>p</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exercise and high-fat diet intervention significantly alter expression levels of mitophagy-related genes <i>PINK-1, PARKIN, MFN-1</i>, and <i>ATG3</i> and suggest that the examined genes may serve as potential molecular candidates for further research on obesity-related mitochondrial dysfunction and exercise-mediated metabolic improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"40 3","pages":"1473-1484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stage-dependent Expression of Autophagy-related Genes in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Zeynep Dündar Ök, Muhammed Erdi Gürbüz, Nusret Ök, Gergana Lengerova, Martina Bozhkova, Steliyan Petrov, Aylin Köseler","doi":"10.21873/invivo.14330","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.14330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, data on radiographic stage-dependent transcriptional variation of autophagy-related genes in patients with knee OA, particularly using peripheral blood samples, remain limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether disease severity was associated with stage-dependent changes in the expression of selected autophagy-related genes within a patient cohort.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A total of 200 patients diagnosed with knee OA were included in the study. Disease severity was classified according to the Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic grading system. Peripheral blood samples were collected, and the expression levels of selected autophagy-related genes were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction [autophagy-related 5 (<i>ATG5</i>), <i>ATG7</i>, unc-51-like kinase 1 (<i>ULK1</i>), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (<i>LC3B</i>), WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 (<i>WIPI1</i>), neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1 (<i>NBR1</i>), forkhead box O3 (<i>FOXO3</i>), transcription factor EB (<i>TFEB</i>)]. Relative gene expression was calculated using the ΔCt method, and comparisons were performed across radiographic stages. Associations between gene expression levels and systemic inflammatory markers were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant stage-dependent differences were observed in the expression of <i>ULK1, TFEB, WIPI1</i>, and <i>NBR1</i> (<i>p</i><0.05), with higher ΔCt values (reduced relative expression) in advanced radiographic stages compared with early-stage disease. In contrast, <i>ATG5, ATG7, LC3B</i>, and <i>FOXO3</i> expression remained stable across radiographic stages. Furthermore, no significant associations were observed between expression of autophagy-related genes and systemic inflammatory status, as assessed by C-reactive protein levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with knee OA, regulatory and early autophagy-related genes exhibit radiographic stage-associated transcriptional alterations in peripheral blood, while expression of core autophagy machinery genes remain relatively stable. These findings suggest that disease severity is associated with selective transcriptional changes in autophagy-related pathways within the OA patient population and support further investigation of stage-dependent molecular patterns in knee OA.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"40 3","pages":"1776-1787"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-course Investigation of Bone and Disc Degeneration in a Rat Model of Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis.","authors":"Y O Morishita, Yuji Kasukawa, Michio Hongo, Koji Nozaka, Hiroyuki Tsuchie, Yuichi Ono, Manabu Akagawa, Kenta Tominaga, Yasuhito Asaka, Akari Hisada, Genki Tojo, Takashi Ebihara, Naohisa Miyakoshi","doi":"10.21873/invivo.14290","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.14290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Pyogenic spondylodiscitis causes rapid endplate destruction followed by bone remodeling; however, the time-course of bone loss and recovery remains incompletely defined. This study aimed to characterize longitudinal changes in vertebral bone and intervertebral disc pathology in a rat tail pyogenic spondylodiscitis model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=16) were allocated to 2-, 4-, or 6-week observation groups. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 29213 (10⁷ CFU/ml, 100 μl) was injected into the C6/7 disc space (Discitis segment), and phosphate-buffered saline (100 μl) was injected into C9/10 as an internal Control segment. Micro-computed tomography was performed at baseline and at sacrifice to quantify the bone destruction rate, disc height ratio, cancellous Hounsfield units (HU), and trabecular microarchitecture (bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and trabecular separation). Histology (TRAP and osteocalcin staining) and bone histomorphometry [osteoclast surface per bone surface (Oc.S/BS), osteoclast number per bone surface (Oc.N/BS), and osteoblast surface per bone surface (Ob.S/BS)] were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bone destruction rate was significantly higher in the Discitis segment than in the Control segment at all time points, indicating persistent endplate damage. The disc height ratio decreased at 2 weeks but did not differ from controls at 4-6 weeks. Cancellous HU and trabecular parameters showed a biphasic pattern: decreased bone mass at 2 weeks, followed by recovery/reconstruction at 4-6 weeks. Histomorphometry demonstrated increased osteoclast activity (Oc.S/BS, Oc.N/BS) and osteoblast surface (Ob.S/BS) in the acute phase, with osteoclast indices decreasing over time, whereas osteoblast surface remained relatively elevated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This model demonstrated a biphasic bone metabolic response characterized by increased osteoclast-mediated bone resorption followed by bone formation and trabecular remodeling. Moreover, this model may serve as an experimental platform to investigate the optimal timing and strategies of therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"40 3","pages":"1375-1387"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of ACE I/D Polymorphism in Glioblastoma Pathogenesis: A Study on the Turkish Population.","authors":"Okan Türk, Yahya Güvenç, Seda Güleç Yilmaz, Cumhur Kaan Yaltirik, Nail Demirel, Adnan Dağçinar, Oğuz Alp Çakir, Nafiye Şanlier, Ufuk Emre Toprak, Muhammet Teoman Kurt, Turgay Isbir","doi":"10.21873/invivo.14294","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.14294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor, with limited survival despite standard treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. High recurrence rates after gross total resection underline the need for identifying new therapeutic targets. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a role in angiogenesis and cellular proliferation, making it a potential marker in glioblastoma pathogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and glioblastoma in the Turkish population and explore its potential as a therapeutic target.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>The study included 35 patients with glioblastoma and 36 healthy controls. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and genotyped using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics (v23), with chi-square and Fisher's exact tests assessing genotype and allele distribution differences. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genotype distribution showed no significant differences between glioblastoma and control groups (<i>p</i>=0.171). However, the D allele was significantly more prevalent in glioblastoma patients (43.7%) than in controls (33.8%) (<i>p</i>=0.027), indicating a fourfold increased risk of glioblastoma (OR=0.258, 95% CI=0.074-0.901). The I allele exhibited a non-significant protective trend.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The D allele of the ACE I/D polymorphism contributes to glioblastoma risk, highlighting ACE as a potential therapeutic target. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and investigate the clinical utility of ACE inhibitors in glioblastoma management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"40 3","pages":"1431-1436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymphocytes and their Involvement in the Foreign Body Response to Biomaterials and Tissue Repair.","authors":"Mike Barbeck, Ole Jung","doi":"10.21873/invivo.14283","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.14283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymphocytes, long regarded as central actors of adaptive immunity, are increasingly recognized as key regulators of the foreign body response (FBR) to biomaterials. Their presence shapes the chronic phases of inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and regenerative outcomes after implantation. This review summarizes the roles of T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells in biomaterial-associated immune responses, with a particular focus on protein adsorption, antigen recognition, cytokine secretion, and downstream interactions with macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Evidence indicates that T-cell polarization into Th1/Th17 subsets promotes pro-inflammatory reactions, while Th2 and regulatory T cells (Tregs) support constructive remodeling and resolution. B cells contribute through antibody production and cytokine release, which may foster fibrosis or support debris clearance. NK cells serve as early stress sensors, releasing cytotoxic mediators and pro-angiogenic factors that influence vascularization and tissue repair. Collectively, lymphocytes are pivotal but underexplored players in biomaterial integration. Incorporating lymphocyte biology into material design and surface modification strategies offers promising avenues to guide immune cascades toward predictable and regenerative outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"40 3","pages":"1280-1293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147769755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Irradiation of Pelvic Lymph Nodes Have an Impact on the Bladder Filling Status in Patients With High-risk Prostate Cancer?","authors":"Dirk Rades, Laura Doehring, Jan-Dirk Küter, Charlotte Kristiansen, Christine Vestergård-Madsen, Christian F Schulz, Stefan Janssen","doi":"10.21873/invivo.14324","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.14324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>In patients irradiated for high-risk prostate cancer, bladder volumes should be ≥200 ml to reduce the risk of radiation cystitis. A prospective trial evaluates a reminder app to increase bladder filling during irradiation without pelvic lymph nodes (LN). This retrospective study investigates whether patients irradiated with LN can also be included in that trial.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Forty patients irradiated with (<i>N</i>=17, group A) or without (<i>N</i>=23, group B) pelvic LN and presenting with a pre-irradiation bladder volume <200 ml were analyzed regarding fractions with a bladder volume <200 ml.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean numbers of fractions with a volume <200 ml in the entire cohort, group A, and group B were 29.0±7.0, 28.8±7.6, and 29.2±6.6, respectively. The difference between groups A and B was not significant (<i>p</i>=0.978).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Irradiation of pelvic LN had no significant impact on the number of fractions for bladder volumes <200 ml. Patients irradiated with LN may be included in the prospective trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"40 3","pages":"1733-1737"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NLRP3 and RANK-RANKL-OPG Pathway-related Gene Expression Levels in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Bülent Kara, Merve Savaş, Tolgahan Özer, Şahika Gülen Şişmanlar, Remziye Akarsu, Sinem Yavuz Öztürk, Şeyma Nur Akpinar, Adnan Deniz, Ayfer Sakarya Güneş, Fulya Dursun, Deniz Sünnetçi Akkoyunlu, Naci Çine, Erdem Tüzün","doi":"10.21873/invivo.14319","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.14319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Altered glial function, and increased proinflammatory cytokines are associated with behavioral and cognitive problems seen in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the neuroinflammatory process in ASD and the relationship between neuroinflammatory markers and the severity of autism symptoms.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We evaluated the gene expression levels of NLRP-3 and RANK-RANKL-OPG inflammasome pathways in 50 children with ASD (AC), 34 typically developing siblings (HSAC), and 16 healthy controls (HC) and the correlation between gene expression levels and severity of neuro-psychiatric dysfunctions in ASD. All children were aged 3-18 years. The severity of autism core symptoms and neurologic dysfunction was determined by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Turkish Communication Development Inventory (TCDI), Dunn's Sensory Profile, Adolescents/Adults Sensory Profile and Clinical Observation of Neuromotor Performance, and the scores were correlated with gene expression levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Up-regulation was observed in all genes (<i>IL-1β, Casp1, NLRP3, NLRP1, TNFRSF11B, TNFRSF11A</i>, and <i>TNFSF11</i>) in the ASD group, but only the difference between the AC and HC groups was statistically significant for <i>TNFRSF11B, TNFRSF11A</i>, and <i>TNFSF11</i>. There were significant correlations in the linguistic and cognitive skills, sensory profile, and neuromotor performance domains for genes associated with both inflammatory pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first study showing that the RANK-RANKL-OPG pathway is active in ASD cases. Our results emphasize the harmful influence of the RANK-RANKL-OPG and NLRP3 inflammasome complexes on neurologic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":"40 3","pages":"1680-1695"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}