Indian Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Synthetic p72 Peptide-Based Indirect- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of African Swine Fever Virus Infection","authors":"Navdeep Kaur Dhiman, M. Manu, Vinay G. Joshi, Yashpal Singh Malik","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01334-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01334-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present study, we explored the potential diagnostic application of B cell linear peptides derived from the p72 protein of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) using a two-step bioinformatics approach for developing an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for ASF detection. Through computational analysis, eight linear B cell epitopes with significant conservation across various ASFV genotypes were identified. These peptides were chemically synthesized and evaluated for their immunoreactivity using specific rabbit hyperimmune serum against the ASFV p72 protein. The synthesized peptides displayed notable reactivity in dot-ELISA and subsequently in indirect-ELISA. Validation of the indirect ELISA was conducted using samples collected during ASFV outbreaks in the northern states of India from 2022 to 2023, and further corroborated using a commercial kit. The P1 peptide-based indirect ELISA demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 86%. Additionally, peptides P3, P4, P5, P7, and P8 exhibited a specificity of 100%, while peptides P2, P3, P4, P6, and P7 displayed a sensitivity greater than 70% in the indirect ELISA. These results underscore the diagnostic potential of p72 protein-specific B cell epitopes for the detection of ASFV infection in field settings. The developed assay holds promise for ASFV infection detection, as well as for seromonitoring and serosurveillance applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial and Computational Studies of Newly Synthesized Benzotriazoles","authors":"Navneet Singh, Vanika Mahant, Ridhima Bhasin, Kunika Verma, Anupam Kumar, Ashish Vyas","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01344-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01344-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) due to non-responding viruses, fungi, bacteria and parasites leads to discovery of new antimicrobial medicines which can control the risk of disease spread, severe illness, disability and death. Heterocyclic chemistry has always been a continuous supplier of novel antimicrobial agents which are in great demand in pharma sector. Therefore, compounds such as 1-(Chloromethyl)-1H-Benzotriazole, 1; 1-((1-H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)methyl)phenyl hydrazine, 2; 1-((1-H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)methyl)hydrazine, 3; and N-(benzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4(3-H)-ylmethylbenzenamine, 4 were designed, and synthesized through conventional and microwave-assisted methods. All of these novel benzotriazoles were explored through in-vitro antimicrobial studies and in silico studies. Antimicrobial activity was carried out against bacterial strains <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, and fungal strains <i>Aspergillus niger</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> at concentrations 5, 10 and 15 mg/ml. In silico studies was carried out with 4CAW: <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> N-myristoyl transferase in complex with myristoyl CoA and a pyrazole sulphonamide ligand. Our antimicrobial and molecular docking studies revealed that all of the derivatives showed promising activity, moreover molecular docking gave significant values of ligand posed energy and docking run elapsed time which further endorsed the astonishing characteristic of benzotriazole derivatives esp. N-(benzo[e]a[1,2,4] triazin-4(3-H)-ylmethylbenzenamine for biological and therapeutic leads.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring In-Silico Immunoepitope Landscape and Genetic Diversity in p72 and CD2v Proteins Across Asian African Swine Fever Virus Isolates","authors":"Kalpana Singh, Nagendra Nath Barman, Lukumoni Buragohain, Sachin Kumar, Yashpal Singh Malik","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01305-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01305-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal infectious disease affecting pigs caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). The p72 is the major capsid protein and has strong immunogenicity. Another, outer envelope protein, CD2-like (CD2v), plays a pivotal role in viral pathogenesis. Despite the grave threat posed by ASFV, efficient vaccines and diagnostic assays remain elusive. In this study, genetic diversity of p72 and CD2v at protein and gene levels was analysed in-silico among most of the isolates of ASFV across Asia, including India, by assessing sequence similarity, phylogeny, and selection pressure. Further, in-silico prediction of immunogenic epitopes was done within stabilized (by MD-simulation) predicted structures of p72 and CD2v proteins by assessing variability in terms of Shannon entropy, relative solvent accessibility, and prediction of B and T-cell epitope peptides. The present study highlights the conservation of both p72 and CD2v proteins across prevalent ASFV isolates in Asia, including India, and suggests for their potential utility in developing diagnostic assays, as both can induce robust immunogenic responses. Consequently, these proteins emerge as promising vaccine candidates against ASFV.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141530153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for the Detection of COVID-19","authors":"Manju Tewari, Prerna Rana, Veena Pande","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01336-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01336-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The COVID-19 outbreak began in December 2019 and has affected people worldwide. It was declared a pandemic in 2020 by the World Health Organization. Developing rapid and reliable diagnostic techniques is crucial for identifying COVID-19 early and preventing the disease from becoming severe. In addition to conventional diagnostic techniques such as RT-PCR, computed tomography, serological assays, and sequencing methods, biosensors have become widely accepted for identifying and screening COVID-19 infection with high accuracy and sensitivity. Their low cost, high sensitivity, specificity, and portability make them ideal for diagnostics. The use of nanomaterials improves the performance of biosensors by increasing their sensitivities and limiting detection by several orders of magnitude. This manuscript briefly reviews the COVID-19 outbreak and its pathogenesis. Furthermore, it comprehensively discusses the currently available biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection, with a special emphasis on nanomaterials-based biosensors developed to detect this emerging virus and its variants efficiently.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and Extraction of Red Bioactive Pigment from Streptomyces griseorubiginosus and Formulation of Bio-Lip Balm","authors":"S. Vignesh, P. M. Anandu, G. S. Gopuraj Varrier, Nikhil Brijmohan, G. Gokula Krishnan, Sanjeev K. Ganesh, Sreelakshmi R. Nair, V. Mohanasrinivasan, C. Subathra Devi","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01323-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01323-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current study is focused on the screening and isolation of a bioactive pigment producing actinomycete from paddy fields of Kerala, India. Among the five-pigment producing isolates obtained, a red colour pigmented actinomycetes was selected for further extraction and analysis. Optimization of production media enhanced the production of pigmented biomass. Glucose and beef extract was found to have a significant effect in the pigment production. The isolated actinomycetes was identified as <i>Streptomyces griseorubiginosus</i> by using 16 s r-DNA sequencing. <i>Streptomyces griseorubiginosus</i> cells were ruptured using ultrasonication and pigment was extracted using methanol as solvent. Different bio active compounds present in the extract were determined using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis and functional groups were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-1R) spectroscopy. Bioactive compounds present in the pigment showed significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The extracted red coloured pigment was used as a natural colorant to formulate a bio-lip balm. Preliminary analysis confirmed the stability of the synthesised bio-lip balm. Further, the extracted pigment can be used as a safer alternative for synthetic chemical pigments in various cosmetics, personal care products and pharmaceuticals.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Species Insights into PR Proteins: A Comprehensive Study of Arabidopsis thaliana, Solanum lycopersicum, and Solanum tuberosum","authors":"Karun Wilson, Sathiavelu Arunachalam","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01343-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01343-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study provides a comprehensive analysis of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, focusing on PR1, PR5, and PR10, in three plant species: <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (At), <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> (Sl), and <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> (St). We investigated various physico-chemical properties, including protein length, molecular weight, isoelectric point (pI), hydrophobicity, and structural characteristics, such as RMSD, using state-of-the-art tools like AlphaFold and PyMOL. Our analysis found that the SlPR10-StPR10 protein pair had the highest sequence identity (80.00%), lowest RMSD value (0.307 Å), and a high number of overlapping residues (160) among all other protein pairs, indicating their remarkable similarity. Additionally, we used bioinformatics tools such as Cello, Euk-mPLoc 2.0, and Wolfpsort to predict subcellular localization, with AtPR1, AtPR5, and SlPR5 proteins predicted to be located in the extracellular space in both <i>Arabidopsis</i> and <i>S. lycopersicum</i>, while AtPR10 was predicted to be located in the cytoplasm. This comprehensive analysis, including the use of cutting-edge structural prediction and subcellular localization tools, enhances our understanding of the structural, functional, and localization aspects of PR proteins, shedding light on their roles in plant defense mechanisms across different plant species.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology Driven Lipid and Metalloid Based Formulations Targeting Blood–Brain Barrier (3B) for Brain Tumor","authors":"Amulya Jindal, Mainuddin, Anoop Kumar, Ratneshwar Kumar Ratnesh, Jay Singh","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01330-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01330-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p> The evolution of nanotechnology-driven lipid and metalloid-based nanoformulations has garnered significant attention for developing effective drug delivery systems with position/time precision and efficacy. This study focuses on challenges of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and their pivotal role in drug targeting in chronic diseases such as brain tumors (BTs). These formulations encapsulate therapeutic agents within lipidic matrices, enhancing drug solubility, bioavailability, and targeted delivery. The diverse lipid materials used in these nanoformulations highlight their biocompatibility and versatility, covering a wide range of drugs. Emphasis is placed on metal nanoparticles, liposomes, ethosomes, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, nanorobots, and micelles. The analysis explores their drug loading, stability, release characteristics, and bioavailability modulation. It also delves into the enhanced-permeability and retention (EPR) effect, crucial for passive targeting of tumors. Recent nanocarrier systems enable better penetration of therapeutic compounds through the BBB, addressing treatment failures in invasive BTs.This review highlights the latest nanotechnology developments and potential therapeutic approaches, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical scientists.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"323 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing Veterinary Health with Viral Vector-Based Vaccines","authors":"Harsh Rajeshbhai Jogi, Nabaneeta Smaraki, Kaushal Kishor Rajak, Ajay Kumar Yadav, Mukesh Bhatt, Chris Einstien, Annepu Revathi, Ravi Thakur, Dhaval J. Kamothi, P. V. S. S. Dedeepya, H. H. Savsani","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01341-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01341-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vaccines signify one of the economical and reasonable means to prevent and eradicate the important infectious diseases. Conventional vaccines like live attenuated and inactivated vaccines comprise of whole pathogen either in attenuated or killed form. While, new generation vaccines have been designed to elicit immune response by genetically modifying only the nucleic acid portion of that pathogen. These new generation therapeutics include mRNA vaccines, DNA plasmid vaccines, chimeric vaccines and recombinant viral vector-based vaccines. Nucleic acid based vaccines use genetic material itself thus, they are highly stable and potent in nature to induce long-lasting immune response. Amongst these novel vaccine platforms, viral vector-based vaccines is one such emerging field which has proven to be extremely effective and potent. Nowadays, veterinary medicine has also accepted this innovative vectored vaccine platform to develop an effective control strategy against certain important viral diseases of animals. Viral vector-based vaccine uses various DNA and RNA viruses of human or animal origin to carry an immunogenic transgene of target pathogen. These vaccines enhance both humoral and cell mediated immune response without use of any accessory immune-stimulants. Till today, several viruses have been modified to be characterized as vaccine vectors. Currently, large number of research programs are going on to develop vectored vaccines and novel viral vector for veterinary use. In the present review, different kinds of viral vectored vaccines having veterinary importance have been discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology of Multi-Drug Resistant E. coli Isolated from Poultry Birds in Six Agroclimatic Zones of West Bengal, India: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Md Habib, J. Banerjee, S. Batabyal, P. K. Nanda, A. K. Das, U. K. De, I. Samanta, P. Dandapat, S. Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01335-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01335-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study depicts the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern of <i>E. coli</i> (n: 503) isolated from cloacal swabs collected from chicks and duck in the six agroclimatic (hill, tarai, red &amp; laterite, old alluvial, new alluvial and coastal saline) zones of West Bengal, India. Resistance to ampicillin (47.1%), ceftriaxone (27.0%), aztreonam (25.2%), tetracycline (20.0%), enrofloxacin (19.6%), and nalidixic acid (18.8%) was quite frequent, however, majority of the isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (97%), chloramphenicol (97.5%) and imipenem (&gt; 98%). In general, duck isolates demonstrated a higher level of antibiotic resistance while resistance was negligible for the isolates from the red &amp; laterite zones. This study identified considerable number of extended-spectrum (n: 120) and A mpC type β-lactamase producers (n: 95). Phylotype A (285) was the most abundant followed by B1 (40) and C (87), while the other groups consisted of 91 isolates—B2 (25), D (31). F (34), and clade-1 (1). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the isolates of duck origin (OR: 4.44 (95% CI 2.5, 7.8), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and those belonging to virulent phylotypes (OR: 1.79 (95% CI 1.16, 2.75), <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) were more likely to be an ESBL producer. Likewise, the isolates from old alluvial zone were significantly and more frequently associated with ESBL production (OR: 2.04 (95% CI 1.04, 4.02), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), ceftazidime (OR: 2.06 (95% CI 1.06, 4.04), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and quinolone [NAL: (OR: 2.42 (95% CI 1.23, 4.73), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01); ENR: (OR: 3.72 (95% CI 1.30, 6.72), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001)] resistance. The current study provided a first-ever thorough examination of the factors influencing antimicrobial resistance in poultry and the potential influence of variables such as agroclimatic zones, bird types [(broiler (chicken), layer (chicken), duck (mainly as layer)], and phylotypes on resistance pattern. Our findings highlight that there might be other factors contributing to AMR, in addition to the usage of antibiotics, in a particular sector. Therefore, a comprehensive approach through enhanced biosecurity and identification of loopholes that permit resistant elements to expand is needed, to tackle AMR in poultry sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141532428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Organophosphates on Diversity and Functional Characteristics of Phyllosphere Bacterial Communities of Solanum melongena","authors":"Sheeba Hoda, Kamal Krishan Aggarwal","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01322-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01322-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The phyllosphere harbours a distinctive microbial community that is influenced by plant species, geological locations, and biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Organophosphates represent a significant category of pesticides that are applied to plant surfaces for pest management. Despite substantial research into phyllosphere microorganisms, little is known about the influence of pesticides on the phyllosphere bacterial ecosystem. In the present study, the effect of chlorpyrifos, monocrotophos, and malathion was studied on the phyllosphere bacterial community of <i>Solanum melongena</i>. The plant-inhabitant bacterial population was explored using culturable and high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, with and without pesticide application. A total of 165 genera belonging to 14 phyla were observed in the control and 108 genera belonging to 11 phyla in the treated sample. In total, 28 morphologically distinct bacteria were isolated from the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of leaf, and 4 bacteria were found tolerant to pesticides. An increased abundance of <i>Psychrobacter, Janthinobacterium</i>, S<i>phingomonas</i>, <i>Flavobacterium</i>, and <i>Pedobacter</i> were observed from the pesticide-treated phyllosphere. Overall pesticide impacted the evenness and diversity of the bacterial communities colonizing the <i>S. melongena</i> phyllosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}