C S Aravind, R Latha, K Kavitha, S Thiyagarajan, S Pramodhini, P A Aboobacker
{"title":"Correction: Hypervirulent <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>: Mechanisms, Clinical Manifestations, and Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"C S Aravind, R Latha, K Kavitha, S Thiyagarajan, S Pramodhini, P A Aboobacker","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01500-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12088-025-01500-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12088-025-01490-z.].</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 2","pages":"477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13180002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cloning and Heterologous Expression of a Novel Thermo-Alkalistable GH-10 Xylanase (rXyn-GM) Retrieved from Tapovan Hot-Spring Soil Metagenome and its Characterization for Kinetic Parameters.","authors":"Garima Chauhan, Nivedita Bisht, Praveen Gautam, Meghna Arya, Asha Kumari, Digvijay Verma, Monica Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01480-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01480-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A cellulase-free xylanase gene of 927 bp size (Xyn-GM) was isolated from the metagenomic library of the Tapovan Hot Spring in Uttarakhand, India. This gene encodes a 308-amino acid xylanase enzyme classified under the glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH-10). The Xyn-GM gene was introduced into the pET28a ( +) vector and expressed in host cells of <i>Escherichia coli</i> BL21 (DE3). The recombinant xylanase (rXyn-GM), with a molecular weight ~ 32.5 kDa, was isolated through a one-step purification process using Ni<sup>2</sup>⁺-NTA affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme exhibited broad thermostability (50-100 °C) and pH stability (4.0-11.0), with optimal activity at 70 °C and pH 9.0. Its activity increased by 67% in the presence of 1 mM Mn<sup>2</sup>⁺. rXyn-GM retained ~ 65% activity after 2 h at 50 °C and 60 °C and ~ 75% activity at pH 9.0 after 3 h. It showed a preference for beechwood xylan, with kinetic parameters Km 20.9 mg/mL and Vmax 156.25 µmol/mg/min. Furthermore, rXyn-GM catalysed the production of xylo-oligosaccharides from beechwood xylan, suggesting its potential utility as prebiotics in the food and pharmaceutical industries.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-025-01480-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 2","pages":"417-430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Song Shaozheng, Cao Yongjing, Wu Yingchao, Yu Kanying, Meng Yaqin
{"title":"Establishment of a Rapid Detection Method for Canine Coronavirus Using Recombinant Enzyme and Polymerase Mediated Isothermal Amplification Technology.","authors":"Song Shaozheng, Cao Yongjing, Wu Yingchao, Yu Kanying, Meng Yaqin","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01436-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01436-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To establish a rapid detection method for canine coronavirus based on recombinant enzyme and polymerase mediated isothermal amplification technology. The 3 'UTR conserved sequence gene fragment of the canine coronavirus genome was used as the target sequence, and a recombinant plasmid was constructed as the standard. Primers and fluorescent probes were designed and synthesized. Primer screening was performed using basic nucleic acid amplification, and a RAPID reaction system was established. Select plasmid standards with different copy numbers as RAPID amplification templates and evaluate their detection sensitivity. Select common canine virus genomes such as CPV, CPIV, CIV, CDV, CAV, ICHV, etc. as amplification templates to evaluate their detection specificity. Select plasmid standards from the same batch and different batches as RAPID amplification templates, and analyze the coefficient of variation within and between groups. Select 40 positive and 40 negative clinical samples of CCV isolated from different clinical stages and identified by RT-PCR as RAPID amplification templates, and analyze their detection consistency rate. The results showed that a RAPID reaction system was established using optimized CCV-F2/CCV-R1 primers, CCV-P probes, and pTCCV3 recombinant plasmid standards. A clear amplification curve was observed within 15 min, and the sensitivity for detecting CCV was 10 copies/μL; No cross reactivity with CPV, CPIV, CIV, CDV, CAV, ICHV, with strong specificity; The coefficient of variation (CV) within and between groups is less than 2.00%, indicating good reproducibility; Compared with RT-PCR, the overall consistency rate of using RAPID method for rapid detection of CCV clinical samples is 96.25%, with higher accuracy. The rapid detection method of canine coronavirus based on recombinant enzyme and polymerase mediated isothermal amplification technology successfully established in this study has superior detection performance and can be used as a CCV rapid detection kit, providing technical reference for on-site rapid detection of canine coronavirus disease and diagnosis of other related canine diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 2","pages":"320-329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zheng Dong, Li Yao, Minglang Wang, Feng Jiang, Yilian Wang
{"title":"Genetic Insights into the Connection Between Antibody Responses to Infectious Diseases Agents and Atrial Fibrillation: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Zheng Dong, Li Yao, Minglang Wang, Feng Jiang, Yilian Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01503-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01503-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent clinical condition associated with significant health risks, including stroke and heart failure. Despite extensive research, the underlying mechanisms of AF remain unclear. Infectious diseases, particularly chronic bacterial and viral infections, have been implicated in AF pathogenesis through inflammatory processes. This study aims to explore the causal relationships between antibody responses to infectious disease agents (ARIDA) and AF using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. A bidirectional MR study was conducted using genetic data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We examined the direct impact of 46 ARIDA phenotypes on AF, as well as the inverse association between AF and these ARIDA phenotypes. SNPs associated with ARIDA phenotypes were used to identify instrumental variables (IVs) based on a criterion of p < 5 × 10<sup>-6</sup>. The primary analytic strategy implemented was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, and sensitivity studies were conducted to evaluate heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Our MR analysis revealed positive associations between AF risk and antibody levels against <i>Chlamydia trachomatis momp A</i> (OR = 1.016, 95% CI [1.003, 1.029]), anti-<i>human herpes virus 6</i> IgG seropositivity (OR = 1.013, 95% CI [1.000, 1.026]), and anti-<i>human herpes virus 6</i> E1A IgG seropositivity (OR = 1.018, 95% CI [1.002, 1.035]). Conversely, anti-<i>Merkel cell polyomavirus</i> IgG seropositivity (OR = 0.984, 95% CI [0.973, 0.996]) and levels of <i>varicella zoster virus</i> glycoproteins E and I (OR = 0.964, 95% CI [0.942, 0.987]) were negatively associated with AF risk. For the reverse analysis, AF was associated with increased levels of antibodies against <i>Epstein - Barr virus</i> VCA p18, <i>human herpes virus 6</i> IE1B, and <i>human herpes virus 7</i> U14, and decreased levels of anti-<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> IgG seropositivity. Sensitivity analyses indicated no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy. This study suggests potential causal relationships between specific chronic infections and AF, highlighting the complex interactions between immune responses and AF risk. Our findings provide a foundation for future research to explore the underlying mechanisms and develop targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for AF. Further studies are warranted to validate these associations and investigate the potential pathways involved.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-025-01503-x.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 2","pages":"463-475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13180003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"<ArticleTitle xmlns:ns0=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">Potential Drug Candidate for Inhibiting <ns0:math><ns0:mi>β</ns0:mi></ns0:math> -Lactamase Enzymes of Class A and Carbapenemase.","authors":"Vidhu Agarwal, Nidhi Dubey, Pritish Kumar Varadwaj","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01459-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01459-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong><math><mi>β</mi></math> -lactamases enzymes ( <math><mi>β</mi></math> -LEs) are used to neutralize <math><mi>β</mi></math> -lactam (BLM) antibiotics by rendering them inactive. Over time, these enzymes evolve to expand their range of activity, particularly in class A <math><mi>β</mi></math> -lactamases (BLs), leading to significant clinical concerns. As carbapenems are the most effective antibiotics, resistance against them is of major concern. Further, mechanism-based <math><mi>β</mi></math> -lactamase (BL) inhibitors were introduced against <math><mi>β</mi></math> -LEs of class A to break the chain of resistance. However, some of the enzymes of this class have clinically mutated to such an extent that many currently available <math><mi>β</mi></math> -lactamase inhibitors have also become ineffective. Hence, there is a serious need to propose an effective drug candidate against such resistant <math><mi>β</mi></math> -LEs producing bacterial infections because otherwise, it would be very difficult and complex to treat them. Molecular docking, ADMET analysis, molecular dynamics simulation, MM/GBSA, and PCA were done to propose an effective novel drug candidate against <math><mi>β</mi></math> -LEs of class A and SME1 carbapenemase. This drug has a structural analogy to the available antibiotic and shows a good binding affinity and stability with an expanded spectrum of <math><mi>β</mi></math> -LEs like TEM52 and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> BlaC, as well as carbapenemase SME1. This drug attempts to tackle a significant problem in clinical settings, the increase in resistance to carbapenems and BLM antibiotics brought on by clinically altered class A <math><mi>β</mi></math> -LEs, especially carbapenemases like SME1. It acts specifically on BL-producing bacteria, which degrade the BL ring of penicillins, cephalosporins, and other antibiotics and thus inactivate them. This drug acts by inhibiting these enzymes to protect BLM antibiotics from degradation, increasing their activity spectrum. Hence, this drug is proposed to be an effective medicine in combating antibiotic-resistant organisms.</p><p><strong>Graphic abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 2","pages":"359-373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13180012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weibin Li, Huihui Yan, Han Wang, Meng Zhao, Shenghang Zhang
{"title":"In Vitro Selection of Aptamers Against CD64 and Unraveling of the Molecular Mechanisms of Aptamer-Target Interactions.","authors":"Weibin Li, Huihui Yan, Han Wang, Meng Zhao, Shenghang Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01475-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01475-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) caused by various bacterial infections, is still a severe health problem worldwide with high morbidity and mortality, whereas early diagnosis and differential diagnosis are still challenge. Human neutrophil CD64 (nCD64), also known as FcγRI, is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily that bind to the Fc (constant) region of specific portion of antibody with high affinity, which CD64 is a new specific and sensitive biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis. This study is aimed at selecting aptamers against human CD64 with high affinity and specificityby, a novel in vitro selection technique, termed systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) and unraveling the molecular mechanisms of aptamer-target interactions. Human CD64 immobilized on carboxytic acid magnetic beads was subjected as the target for eight rounds of selection by SELEX technique. Bioinformatics analysis was applied for predicted secondary structures and family classification of aptamers, as well as KD values determination, and thus to determine key aptamers. Then molecular docking simulations and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to unravel the molecular mechanisms of aptamer-target interactions. Three key aptamers were obtained after eight rounds of selection through SELEX and PCR optimization. Bioinformatics analysis showed that stem-loop and G-quartet are the major predicted secondary structures of aptamers to CD64, suggesting the potential binding sites between aptamers and CD64, and G-T mismatch is common. Using deep learning-based structure prediction, we obtained reliable three-dimensional models of the aptamers, revealing distinct structural motifs such as stem-loops and internal loops. The docking results demonstrated favorable binding conformations, with the shape complement between aptamers and electrostatic potential of the CD64 binding site. The simulations revealed the convergence and stability of the complexes, as evidenced by the relatively low root-mean-square deviation values and fluctuations. The consistency between the docking poses and the molecular dynamics results reinforces the reliability of the predicted aptamer-CD64 interactions. After eight rounds of selection, three key aptamers were obtained. Our findings provide valuable insights into the structural features and binding characteristics of the three key aptamers, supporting their potential as diagnostic reagents of CD64. This study lays the foundation for further experimental validation and optimization of these aptamers in the development of diagnostic reagents.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 2","pages":"399-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147971942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyed Hamze Abbaszadeh, Seyed Rafie Aref Hosseini, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Mehdi Yousefi, Lida Lotfi-Dizaji, Mehrangiz Ebrahimi Mameghani
{"title":"Investigating the Role of Probiotics in Modulating T Cells and the Immune Response: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Seyed Hamze Abbaszadeh, Seyed Rafie Aref Hosseini, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Mehdi Yousefi, Lida Lotfi-Dizaji, Mehrangiz Ebrahimi Mameghani","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01421-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01421-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotics exhibit immunomodulatory properties and actively interact with antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Specific bacterial strains can induce distinct cytokine profiles that influence T-cell polarization. The therapeutic potential of probiotics in autoimmune diseases has received significant interest. This review examines the impact of diverse probiotic species and strains on DC function and T-cell polarization. Evidence suggests that probiotics can modulate host immunity by interacting with DCs, promoting regulatory T cells (Tregs), and potentially reducing other T helper (Th) cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17). T cells play a crucial role in regulating the immune response to probiotics. They process and present antigens and activate Tregs and effector T cells. Effector T cells can promote or induce tolerance for gut microbiota composition and maintain gut health and immune function. The precise effects of probiotics on Th cells and immunoregulation, the detailed mode of action of Th cells, and the immune response against probiotics remain incompletely understood. The underlying mechanisms of these interactions require further elucidation, and this review addresses this knowledge gap. The Th cell-probiotic interplay offers a promising opportunity for developing novel therapeutic strategies to modulate the autoimmune response. A comprehensive understanding of the immunomodulatory potential of probiotics in human immune-mediated disorders could lead to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches, potentially offering an alternative to conventional immunosuppressive medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 2","pages":"267-279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reeja Syed, Saltanat Aghayeva, Reaz Uddin, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, Eman S G Hassan, Ali Saber Abdelhameed, M Harshini, Abdul Wadood
{"title":"A Computational Quest for Finding Novel Drug Targets against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.","authors":"Reeja Syed, Saltanat Aghayeva, Reaz Uddin, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, Eman S G Hassan, Ali Saber Abdelhameed, M Harshini, Abdul Wadood","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01473-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01473-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB), caused by drug-resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, remains a formidable global health challenge, necessitating the identification of effective treatment targets. This prospective study aims to utilize computational-based research employing subtractive genomic techniques to identify potential targets against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. This study seeks to discover unique genes crucial for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> survival and virulence. Unlike previous studies that focus primarily on essential gene identification, this research integrates subtractive genomics with metabolic pathway analysis, structural modeling, and Protein-Protein Interaction assessments to enhance target validation. Employing powerful computational methods and bioinformatics tools, the study aims to elucidate the roles of these genes in bacterial physiology and disease. The anticipated outcomes include the identification of critical pathways associated with bacterial adaptability, metabolic processes, and cell wall construction that may serve as potential treatment targets. Moreover, this study aims to shed light on unexplored biological pathways within <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> by investigating unidentified hypothetical proteins. The findings of this prospective research hold the promise of providing valuable insights into potential treatment targets, leading to a subsequent thorough structural analysis involving the investigation of protein-protein interactions, validation, modeling, quality assessment, and ultimately, molecular docking. Hence, establishing a solid groundwork for future studies and drug discovery initiatives. Ultimately, these targets have the potential to significantly reduce the global burden of TB and enhance patient outcomes, pending successful experimental validation and subsequent translation into clinical applications.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-025-01473-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 2","pages":"381-398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13180019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sudeepa Srichandan, Jairam Meena, Rahul Ahuja, Amulya K Panda
{"title":"Expression and Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RBD Recovered from Inclusion Bodies in <i>E. coli</i> by Using Mild Solubilization Method and Immunogenicity Improvement Thereof.","authors":"Sudeepa Srichandan, Jairam Meena, Rahul Ahuja, Amulya K Panda","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01499-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01499-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The next generation of jabs to restraint SARS-CoV-2 will be based on protein antigens. Fast, cost effective and easy to scale up expression of untagged protein is important to meet the global vaccine and diagnostic demand in a short time. Complex processes incurs heavy costs and limit the access of many vaccines to underdeveloped nations which is home to the majority of the world's population. In this study, the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 without any tag was expressed in <i>E. coli</i> expression system as inclusion body aggregates. RBD of SARS-CoV-2 was purified to homogeneity by extensive washing and use of mild solubilization strategy without the requirement of multiple chromatographic steps. About 40 mg of RBD was recovered per Liter shake flask culture. Purified RBD was a predominant beta sheet structure with some alpha helix. RBD was stable at 37 °C for one month and resisted any major structural changes. Further, the RBD was formulated into polymer nanoparticles and showed improvement of immunogenicity. Thermally stable protein-based vaccine production from <i>E. coli</i> system can be helpful in overcoming the acute vaccine shortage by rapid production, bringing down cost and increasing the access to resource limited settings.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-025-01499-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 2","pages":"452-462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction: Core Bacterial Microbiome in Wild Sea Cucumbers (<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>) from the Sea of Japan.","authors":"Elena Bogatyrenko, Tatiana Dunkai, Alexandra Kim","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01497-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12088-025-01497-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12088-025-01493-w.].</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 2","pages":"476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13180006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}