Indian Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"2024 Monkeypox Outbreak: Assessing the Current Scenario, Global Health Risks, and Preparedness for a Silent Pandemic.","authors":"Lavanya Khullar, Jatin Chadha, Sanjay Chhibber, Kusum Harjai","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01466-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01466-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With another sequel in the making, monkeypox virus (MPXV) has yet again resurfaced in the African subcontinent and in several non-endemic countries, prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare monkeypox (Mpox) a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). The preceding 2022 multi-country outbreak was associated with the spread of Clade II strain, while the 2024 Mpox outbreak has been primarily linked to currently-circulating Clade Ib strain, known to be highly transmissible and severe. Although most of the Mpox cases (90%) have been reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the current outbreak has become transboundary with an active caseload of 103,048 laboratory-confirmed cases and 186 probable cases (including 229 deaths) in 121 countries. Several reasons have been attributed to the current Mpox outbreak, including (i) unavailability and limited supply of Mpox vaccines to African countries, (ii) increased transmissibility of circulating MPXV strains, and (iii) lack of knowledge about range of animal reservoirs. In view of the current situation, WHO has proposed operational planning guidelines for strategic preparedness and readiness for containing the ongoing Mpox outbreak. Hence, this opinion article highlights the recent developments with respect to the 2024 multi-country Mpox outbreak, implicating the reasons behind viral resurgence along with briefly discussing the necessary plan of action to curb zoonotic and human-to-human transmission of Mpox.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 3","pages":"820-826"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148294962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoted Efficacy for Breast Cancer Cell Line Killing via the Combination of Metformin and GM-CSF-Expressing Oncolytic Virus.","authors":"Mahdieh Talebi, Shahriyar Abdoli, Ahad Yamchi, Majid Shahbazi","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01523-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01523-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer, a world serious health issue of women and rarely men, is in demand of effective and breakthrough treatment approaches. Oncolytic virotherapy, especially herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) that expresses granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), has shown promise in cancer therapy. Metformin, an antidiabetic drug, has also reflected anticancer features. Hence, in this scientific project, we intended to evaluate the synergistic influences of combination of GM-CSF-expressing oncolytic HSV-1 (OHSV-GM-CSF) with metformin in cell lines related to breast cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the potential therapeutic interplay between OHSV-GM-CSF and metformin, suggesting a unique approach to enhance oncolytic virotherapy in the treatment of this malignancy. For this purpose, recombinant HSV-1 viruses expressing GM-CSF were generated, and their effectiveness, both with and without metformin, was assessed on breast cancer cell lines, including MCF7 (hormone receptor-positive) and MDA-MB231 (triple-negative). Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and immune activation were explored using MTT assays, flow cytometry, and ELISA. Also, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used to examine immune responses. Co-treatment with OHSV-GM-CSF and metformin significantly improved the cytotoxic impacts on breast cancer cells, elevated apoptosis, and potentiated immune activation compared to each treatment separately. GM-CSF expression was strong, and the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in PBMCs was significantly higher in the combination group. Moreover, metformin further promoted the cytotoxic and immunostimulatory impacts of OHSV-GM-CSF. The combination of OHSV-GM-CSF and metformin reveals synergistic anticancer influences, promoting cytotoxicity, immune activation, and PBMC proliferation, suggestive of a promising approach for breast cancer therapy that necessitates further preclinical and clinical investigation. This strategy holds clear promise for future clinical application and warrants prioritization in translational cancer research.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>Breast cancer cells (i.e., MCF7 and MDA-MB231) infected with a combination of recombinant HSV-1 viruses that express granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and metformin exhibit a synergistic effect in promoting the expression of interferon-ϒ (IFN-ϒ) found within peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and exerting apoptotic and cytotoxic effects in the mentioned malignant cells.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-025-01523-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 3","pages":"768-781"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13279836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148294759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of <i>Staphylococcus_hominis</i> and Odor Production on Sweaty Polyester Sportswear.","authors":"Huizhen Yan, Zhigang Wu, Fang Ye","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01520-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01520-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unpleasant odors on worn clothing reduce the comfort of the wearer and shorten the lifespan of textiles. Sweat-soaked polyester sportswear could promote specific bacterial growth and produce more odor, but the exact odor-related bacteria are still unclear. In this study, we aim to identify bacteria associated with odor production in polyester sportswear. 16S rRNA full-length sequencing was used to identify bacteria at the species level, while a digital nose was employed to objectively quantify odor intensity. We investigated the association between bacteria and odor intensity in polyester sportswear worn in both short-term (one-time wearing) and long-term (8-week wearing) conditions. We found that under the short-term wearing condition, α diversity decreased and β diversity increased, but no significant differences were observed under the long-term wearing condition. Importantly, <i>Staphylococcus_hominis</i> was strongly associated with odor intensity on clothing. The absolute abundance of <i>Staphylococcus_hominis</i> was correlated with the intensity of odor (<i>r</i> = 0.706), and this association was further confirmed by qPCR assay. <i>Staphylococcus_hominis</i> is associated with odor intensity in polyester sportswear.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-025-01520-w.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 3","pages":"755-767"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148294905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, Characterization and Development of Psychrotrophic Consortium for Potential Degradation of Paddy Straw at Low Temperature.","authors":"S T M Aravindharajan, Livleen Shukla, Deeba Kamil, D Vijaysri","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01511-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01511-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study was to investigate the enzyme production of psychrotrophic lignocellulolytic, silicolytic, and xylanolytic fungi for the development of the consortium at low temperature paddy straw degradation. To achieve this, a series of enrichment, isolation, and screening steps were conducted, resulting in the isolation of twenty-one fungi from cold-adapted regions, namely Balim, Gurdaspur, Punjab. In the qualitative screening at 15 °C, a total of thirteen fungal isolates were selected. These screened isolates were further subjected to quantitative estimation of different enzymes at three low temperatures (10, 15, and 20 °C). The maximum enzyme production was observed in isolate LTF 7 for CMCase and LiP, in LTF 21 for FPase, in LTF 1 and 5 for xylanase, in LTF 13 for laccase, and in isolates LTF 16, 17, and 19 for MnP and silicase. Furthermore, based on the data, tolerance of low temperature was checked by radial growth measurement at 15 °C, resulting in 100% growth for isolates LTF 1, 7, 13, 16, 17, and 21 under 7 days of incubation. The survivability of those isolates was also checked for adaptation in the colder region through a freeze-thawing experiment, in which, LTF 13, 21, 1 and 7 recorded maximum population in a series of 20 days experiments. Cross compatibility assay was used to develop the different consortia and its efficiency was checked by different degradation assays using paddy straw at low temperature (15 °C). Among the various experiments, the consortium named LTF 1-13-21 recorded the highest degradation efficiency and ITS sequences of isolates 1, 13 and 21 were identified as <i>Penicillium aethiopicum</i>, <i>Penicillium echinulatum</i> and <i>Penicillium chrysogenum.</i> This study not only indicated a valuable psychrotrophic paddy straw degrading strain but also offered meaningful evidence for further exploration of the microbial degradation mechanism in cold regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 3","pages":"688-705"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13279834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148294691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Potential of Phage Cocktail for Bacterial Reduction in Wastewater Treatment: A Pilot-Scale Demonstration of a Sustainable Approach.","authors":"Smita Menon, Sandhya Shrivastava, Zarine Bhathena","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01484-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01484-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water security is a critical global challenge, with water-borne bacterial pathogens in wastewater posing significant public and environmental health risks. Traditional disinfection methods are costly and regulated due to residual harmful by-products, making bacteriophages a promising biological alternative for sustainable wastewater treatment. The current work explored the potential of bacteriophages as an alternative biological method for ameliorating wastewater quality. The objective of the study was to isolate phages from wastewater, test its host range, characterize it and formulate a cocktail to demonstrate its reduction potential in actual wastewater system. A total of 39 bacteriophages were isolated from seven wastewater samples collected from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Mumbai. Host range analysis showed that, of the 248 enteric bacterial isolates tested, only 22 isolates were susceptible to phage lysis. These isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF and were found to be <i>E. coli</i> (18), <i>Citrobacter freundii</i> (3) and <i>S.typhimurium</i> (1). Three phages, vB_EcoM-RP5 & vB_EcoM-R2 (against <i>E. coli</i>) and vB_CfrM-Q15 (against <i>Citrobacter freundii</i>), were used as cocktail for bacterial reduction study. TEM analysis revealed that all three phages belonged to the family <i>Myoviridae</i> and order <i>Caudovirales</i>. The phages exhibited temperature and pH stability in the range of 20-50 °C and pH 5-8. Pilot-scale bacterial reduction experiment carried out in secondary treated wastewater at MOI 10 resulted in log reduction of 0.97 ± 0.03 (Mean ± <i>S.D</i>) for total heterotrophic count, (<i>p</i> < 0.05), 1.01 ± 0.10 (Mean ± <i>S.D</i>) for coliforms (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and 1.00 ± 0.05 (Mean ± <i>S.D</i>) for <i>E. coli</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05) at 6 h time interval. The work thus highlights the possibility of using bacteriophages as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative for wastewater treatment.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-025-01484-x.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 3","pages":"639-648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148294746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering Distinct Pathogenetic Strategies Employed by <i>Shigella</i> Serotypes Using Human Intestinal Organoids.","authors":"Nidhi Kamboj, Balvinder Mohan, Sadhna B Lal, Neelam Taneja","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01515-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01515-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to develop an experimental model system using human intestinal organoids to examine the invasion abilities of different <i>Shigella</i> species ((<i>S. dysenteriae</i>, <i>S. flexneri</i>, and <i>S. sonnei</i>). Human intestinal organoids (enteroids) were developed and established using human intestinal biopsies. Three distinct species of <i>Shigella</i> were used to infect enteroids<i>.</i> The ability to invade was checked by gentamicin protection assay. We visualized the entry of <i>Shigella</i> and morphological changes induced by bright field microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy. We studied the differential expression of the <i>ipa</i>H gene in infected human intestinal organoids and correlated it with the degree of invasiveness. Our results demonstrated that different species of <i>Shigella</i> vary in their invasive ability, with <i>S.dysenteriae</i> being more invasive than <i>S.flexneri</i> and <i>S.sonnei</i>. Our data showed that the intestinal organoid model is feasible for studying <i>Shigella</i> pathogenesis. This model would be suitable for discovering new antigens and testing vaccines against <i>Shigella</i>. This investigation holds significant promise for improving our understanding of <i>Shigella</i> pathogenesis. Furthermore, human intestinal organoids provide a rapidly replicable model system model system of <i>Shigella</i> pathogenesis due to their ability to be expanded, genetically modified and cryogenically maintained. Insights gained from this study could have broader implications for addressing diarrheal illnesses, particularly in regions where <i>Shigella</i> infections pose a significant public health burden. To our knowledge, this is the first study from India to utilize human-derived intestinal organoids to systematically evaluate the differential invasion capacity, epithelial damage, and virulence gene expression induced by clinically prevalent <i>Shigella</i> serotypes.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 3","pages":"729-742"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148294766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Cariogenic, Biofilm-forming, Multi-drug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and Detection of NDM-1 and blaVIM-1 Genes.","authors":"Anandhalakshmi Subramanian","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01526-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01526-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of cariogenic bacteria in dental caries is attributed to acidification of the oral microenvironment. Cariogenic <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> strains were isolated from dental caries. A total of 101 <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains were isolated from 55 samples (<i>n</i> = 55). The isolates were classified based on their acid tolerance and acidogenic properties. The isolated bacterial strains were cultured in soy peptone (2%) and maintained in a simulated oral environment. The survival rate of the isolates varied from 40.2 ± 2.1 to 74.7 ± 1.8%, and only 11 strains had a significant survival rate (> 60%). Among these DS47 strain exhibited strong biofilm production, with an optical density value significantly higher than that of the other isolates (<i>p</i> < 0.01). This strain was further tested to determine its demineralization effect on teeth. The biofilm-forming bacteria DS47 released Ca²⁺ ions in a time-dependent manner (<i>p</i> < 0.01), indicating its potential role in enamel demineralization. Additionally, the DS47 isolate was found to be multidrug-resistant, showing resistance to tobramycin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, amoxicillin, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, amikacin, ceftazidime, cefoxitin, and gentamicin. The New Delhi metallo β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) gene and blaVIM-1 genes were detected in the drug-resistant <i>P. aeruginosa</i> DS47. The biofilm-producing <i>P. aeruginosa</i> showed cariogenicity and contributed to dental caries. These findings suggest that biofilm-producing <i>P. aeruginosa</i> plays a significant role in cariogenicity and contributes to dental caries.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 3","pages":"782-792"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148294747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study on the Efficiency Process of Cellulosic Wastewater Fermentation by Oleaginous Yeasts.","authors":"Shimiao Yao, Hailong Li, Ruiling Gao, Xuefang Chen, Can Wang, Lian Xiong, Xinde Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01504-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01504-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fermentation of bioethanol from cellulose as a raw material offers an effective means to mitigate environmental pollution caused by agricultural waste, holding significant economic and ecological importance. However, during the production of cellulosic ethanol fermentation, a significant amount of cellulosic ethanol wastewater (CEW) rich in nutrients is generated. In this research, four strains of oleaginous yeasts (<i>Trichosporon dermatis</i>, <i>Rhodotorula glutinis</i>, <i>Lipomyces starkeyi</i>, and <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i>) were fermented in CEW. Biomass, lipid content, lipid yield, fatty acid composition, substrate metabolism and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were assessed for these strains. The results showed that <i>T. dermatis</i> had the maximum fermentation effectively when biomass is 18.702 g/L, lipid content is 9.08%, lipid yield is 1.70 g/L and COD removal is 50.8%, respectively. To elucidate the effects of pivotal fermentation parameters, a comprehensive series of single-factor experiments was methodically conducted to evaluate the influences of cultivation temperature, initial pH, inoculation concentration, and carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) on the growth characteristics of <i>T. dermatis</i>, and the optimal conditions were 28 ℃, pH 7.5, inoculation concentration 15%, and C/N ratio 64:1. Meanwhile, fermentation efficiency reached its peak, with biomass, lipid content, lipid yield, and COD removal measured at 18.375 g/L, 13.65%, 2.51 g/L, and 72%, respectively. Building on these findings, response surface analysis was performed, with COD removal as the primary factor, to identify the optimal process parameters. It was determined that at a pH of 8, an inoculation rate of 15%, and a C/N ratio of 60:1, the COD removal reached its maximum value of 73.7%.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 3","pages":"664-676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148294969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal of a Novel Standard for Determining the Aging Period of High-Temperature Daqu Based on the Species-Level Bacterial Composition Through PacBio Sequencing.","authors":"Xiangyong Zeng, Tao Li, Wentao Cao, Chaoyang Wei, Dounan Li, Shuyi Qiu","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01437-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01437-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is an indispensable step to obtain high-quality Moutai-flavor Daqu. However, the criteria for determining the storage period were as yet limited. The current study aimed to judge the storage period based on bacterial composition of Daqu at the species level through PacBio Single molecular real-time sequencing. The results indicated that the diversities of Daqu (Y1-Y3) with 3-5 months were higher than that of Daqu (Y4-Y5) with ≥ 6 months. <i>Kroppenstedtia</i> was the predominant genus and was ubiquitous in all Daqu samples while <i>Enterobacter</i> mainly existed in Y1-Y3. Importantly, species <i>K. sanguinis</i> and <i>Lentibacillus massiliensis</i> mainly inhibited Y4 (6 months) without opportunistic pathogens <i>E. cloacae and Staphylococcus gallinarum</i>. Accordingly, 6 months are possibly appropriate time for aging period. This investigation for the first time adopted functional bacteria and pathogens as a bioindicator and thus provided a novel criteria determining the ripening period from the food quality and safety perspective.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-024-01437-w.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 3","pages":"604-614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148294811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crossroad Between Gut Microbiome and Ischemic Stroke: Underlying Pathways and Therapeutic Possibilities.","authors":"Shivashish Dobhal, Meenakshi Kaushik, Prem Lata Manhas, Ankur Kumar, Priyanka Naithani, Prakamya Gupta, Hitaishi Kaushik, Manisha Naithani, Balram Ji Omar, Ashish Kothari, Akshat Uniyal, Yogendra Pratap Mathuria, Himanshu Kohli, Hardeep Singh Manhas, Jitender Gairolla","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01516-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01516-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke is a cerebrovascular condition that has emerged as the major cause of death globally, among other non-communicable diseases, due to its pathophysiological complexity and varied etiologies. Ischemic stroke (IS) represents the most prevalent subtype accounting for more than 70% of all stroke cases worldwide. The gut microbiome is considered the most abundant pool of microorganisms, which release metabolic products that facilitate gut-brain signaling. Despite advancements, the precise processes by which gut microbes influence stroke pathogenesis are not entirely understood. This review explores the immunomodulatory impact of gut-derived metabolites in IS, with a focus on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other bioactive substances. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken using MeSH terms such as gut microbiome, ischemic stroke, cerebral ischemia, brain infarction, intestinal flora, and gut-brain axis. We address how metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids produced by gut bacteria influence the host's immune system, which in turn affects the activity of neural networks linked to atherosclerosis, a major underlying mechanism of IS. Furthermore, this review also looks at new research opportunities and highlights evidence from studies conducted on humans and animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 3","pages":"553-573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148294722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}