Gliadin Encapsulated Procyanidolic Oligomers Nanoformulation: Aggrandized Antimicrobial, Antioxidant as Well as Anticancer Potential Makes it an Effective Therapeutic Modality for Lung Carcinoma

Abstract

Lung cancer is responsible for highest mortality rates among both men and women globally. There is a need of effective and safe treatment modality that specifically targets cancer cells and doesn’t not harm healthy cells. Procyanidolic oligomers (PCOs) is a natural antioxidant found in grape seed, acts as medicament for the treatment of various disease which are linked with oxidative stress specifically cancer. The aim of the current study was to synthesize highly stable gliadin encapsulated PCOs nanoformulation (PCO-NF). The PCOs nanoformulation (PCO-NF) showed spherical morphology (17.18–76.56 nm) with an average particle size 49.37 ± 22.17 nm diameter in electron microscopy and stable zeta potential i.e. − 23.1 mV and low polydispersity index i.e. 0.246 in dynamic light scattering (DLS). The therapeutic efficacy of PCO-NF has been evaluated through antioxidative, anticancer as well as antimicrobial studies. Antioxidant potency was assessed using DPPH scavenging assay and it was observed that IC₅₀ of PCO-NF (9.02 µg/ml) was even lower than that of Vitamin C (10.22 µg/ml) as well as pure PCOs. The MTT assay was performed for the comparative anticancer activity of pure PCOs and PCO-NF against SK-MES-1 lung cancer cell line. It was found that PCO-NF significantly inhibited the lung cancer cells at all tested concentration. Moreover at 125 µg/ml concentration the PCO-NF showed 31.54% cell viability which was even lesser than the standard anticancer drug. The antimicrobial efficacy of PCO-NF was assessed against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. An augmented antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer potential was observed due to nanoencapsulation of PCOs.