Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of intra-assay and inter-assay reproducibility and positive detection times of two different (BacT/Alert 3D and Autobio BC) commercial blood culture systems","authors":"Nilgün Kansak ,&nbsp;Nilay Zeynep Kalender ,&nbsp;Neslihan Arıcı ,&nbsp;Rıza Adaleti ,&nbsp;Sebahat Aksaray ,&nbsp;Handan Ankaralı ,&nbsp;Nevriye Gönüllü","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>In our study, we aimed to compare the performance of the BacT/Alert 3D (bioMerieux, France) system, which is currently used in our laboratory, and the Autobio BC (Autobio, China) system, which was newly introduced in our country, using standard and clinical isolates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Bacterial suspension was prepared by two technicians on the same day and three consecutive days from five different standard strains with 0.5 McFarland turbidity, then serial dilution to a final concentration was adjusted and was simultaneously inoculated in aerobic blood culture bottles. The bacterial concentration was measured by making a quantitative counting plate. The same procedure was also performed for 55 clinical isolates belonging to eleven species. After simulated bacteremia with standard and clinical isolates, the growth results were confirmed by inoculation from positive blood culture bottles onto solid medium and identification was made in the next day with MALDI-TOF MS (bioMérieux). In each study, sterile saline and blood was inoculated into the bottles as a negative control to check contamination. Intra-assay and inter-assay reproducibility of recovery rates and detection times of standard strains; recovery rates and detection times of clinical isolates were compared for both systems.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Recovery rates were 100 % in both systems, and when positive detection times were compared, it was found that there was no difference between the two devices in clinical isolates (p:0.262) but that Autobio BC gave significantly (p &lt; 0.001) earlier results in standard strains.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In our simulated bloodstream infection study, Autobio BC was found to be comparable with BacT/Alert 3D, both recovery rates and growth detection time performance were found to be very good, and it can be used in routine microbiology laboratories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100754"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing new waters in management of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia blood stream infection in a post cardiac surgery patient","authors":"Ekadashi Rajni ,&nbsp;Ashish Sharma ,&nbsp;Kriti Goyal ,&nbsp;Divyansh Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hospital acquired infections are the most common non-cardiac complications after cardiac surgery. Organisms commonly found in this cohort of patients include <em>Klebsiella</em> spp<em>, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas</em> spp<em>, Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus</em> and <em>Enterococcus</em> spp etc. We hereby present a case of post cardiac surgery patient presenting with <em>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</em> bloodstream infection. Combination of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) and aztreonam(AT) was used as inactivity was exhibited to primary panel of drugs. Broth disc elution testing was done to exhibit synergy between CZA and AT. This case highlights the growing need for active interaction between the treating physician and the microbiologist.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100746"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A vector borne, airborne and food borne infection with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis: Case of triple infections in an immuno-competent patient","authors":"Abdul Nafey Kazi ,&nbsp;Muzeer Ahmed ,&nbsp;Muhammad Arsalan Wasim ,&nbsp;Lubna Iqbal Abbasi ,&nbsp;Fivzia Farooq Herekar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Junaid Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pakistan is endemic to several bacterial, parasitic and viral infections including tuberculosis, malaria and dengue that account for a high rate of mortality each year. These different types of infections can occur through various routes of transmission and concurrently in individuals, especially in immunocompromised but rarely among immunocompetent. We report a case of a <strong>25 year old</strong> immunocompetent female who was admitted with an initial diagnosis of dengue fever and diagnosed as having co-infection of COVID-19 and Brucella leading to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). She was managed for all three infections and complications simultaneously.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100752"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142619359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fasciolopsis buski isolated from human host, India has distinct clade based on nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences","authors":"Sandhya Chaurasiya ,&nbsp;Aradhana Singh ,&nbsp;Anurag Tiwari ,&nbsp;Tuhina Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fasciolopsiasis caused by <em>Fasciolopsis buski</em>, is a significant cause of morbidity. In the present study <em>F. buski</em> detected during endoscopy of a 50-year-old male patient form Uttar Pradesh, India was used for phylogenetic analysis based on 28S rDNA and ITS2 regions. The parasite was genetically similar to an isolate of pig from Meghalaya. The intra-species genetic variation for 28S rDNA was 1–3% (India), 5% (Vietnam) and for ITS2, 1–2% (India) while 17 % from Vietnam. Thus, <em>F. buski</em> from humans or pigs from India were closely related than those from Vietnam and China which were grouped into separate clades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100757"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aims and Scope","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0255-0857(24)00237-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0255-0857(24)00237-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100762"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musculoskeletal melioidosis-a retrospective review of 22 cases from a tertiary care centre in South Tamilnadu","authors":"G. Vithiya ,&nbsp;G. Rajalakshmi Preethi ,&nbsp;P. Shunmuga Sundaram ,&nbsp;T. Rajendran","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A retrospective review of culture confirmed musculoskeletal melioidosis reported between December 2014 and February 2024 was conducted. 22 of 100 patients with culture proven melioidosis infection had musculoskeletal involvement. Median age was 47 years with 95.4 % being males. Osteomyelitis, septic arthritis and septic arthritis along with adjacent osteomyelitis were observed in 12, 9 and 4 cases respectively. All isolates were susceptible to meropenem and susceptible increased exposure to ceftazidime, doxycycline and cotrimoxazole. Twelve patients underwent surgical procedures. Four patients who died due to septicemia had multisystem involvement with positive blood cultures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100750"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromelioidosis – A retrospective review of thirteen cases from a tertiary care centre from South India","authors":"G. Vithiya ,&nbsp;Preethi G. Rajalakshmi ,&nbsp;P Shunmuga Sundaram ,&nbsp;T. Rajendran","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurologic melioidosis warrants attention in view of its rarity and lethal consequences. We performed a retrospective review of culture confirmed neurologic melioidosis reported between 2017 and 2023. Thirteen patients were identified with median age 43 years and all but three were males. Brain parenchyma was involved in 57 % cases (7/13) as cerebritis, encephalitis and macro abscess or micro abscess. Three patients had myelitis with spinal cord micro abscess and cerebral venous thrombosis in three other patients. Five patients died during hospitalization. Two were discharged against medical advice due to financial constraints. Six survivors were followed between one and eight months.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100751"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic approach of ertapenem and flucloxacillin or cefazolin for addressing persistent methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia","authors":"Yamuna Devi Bakthavatchalam ,&nbsp;Rajiv Karthik ,&nbsp;Anand Ashok ,&nbsp;Kamini Walia (Scientist G) ,&nbsp;Harathi Ragothaman ,&nbsp;Soniya Krishnamoorthy ,&nbsp;Yuvasri Manokaran ,&nbsp;Balaji Veeraraghavan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, we determine the synergistic activity of ertapenem with cefazolin and flucloxacillin against type A beta-lactamase producing Methicillin susceptible <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> isolate. In the time kill assay, at standard inoculum, ertapenem with cefazolin showed &gt;1 log kill and ertapenem with flucloxacillin demonstrated &gt;2 log kill. When tested at high inoculum, both combinations achieved &gt;1 log kill at 1x MIC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100755"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chandipura virus resurgence: Insights from Indian outbreaks and the path forward","authors":"Rahul Garg ,&nbsp;Abhijit Kumar Prasad ,&nbsp;Pragya Agarwala","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>First isolated in 1965 from a case of febrile encephalopathy, the Chandipura virus (CHPV) causes sporadic cases as well as periodic outbreaks of encephalitis in parts of India. Transmitted by sandflies and mosquitoes, CHPV infection has high mortality within 48 h of hospitalization, with children bearing the brunt of the illness. The virus garnered global attention in the middle of 2024 as India witnessed its largest outbreak in the last two decades.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This article aims to synthesise the existing knowledge on various aspects of CHPV and outline current actions needed as well as potential directions for future research.</div></div><div><h3>Content</h3><div>Between early June and August 15th, 2024, India reported 245 cases of encephalitis from the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan, 64 of which were laboratory-confirmed CHPV infections. The mortality toll of the outbreak was 82, accounting for a case fatality rate of 33 %. With this outbreak, the virus has expanded its niche from central and southern to north-western India. Significant advancements in the understanding of the neuropathogenesis of the virus and the development of diagnostic assays have been made in the 21st century. However, no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines are available. A G-protein-based recombinant vaccine and an inactivated vaccine have shown favourable results in pre-clinical trials. The need of the hour is to fast-track the development of an effective vaccine. A high suspicion for early identification and prompt referral of cases, decentralized diagnostic facilities, sensitization of healthcare workers, integrated vector management and effective reporting and surveillance systems are all needed to curb the menace of this perilous pathogen. The current outbreak should serve as a wake-up call to foster intersectoral collaboration between policymakers, public health experts, epidemiologists, virologists, neurologists, paediatricians, and anthropologists to develop and implement effective strategies against the virus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100749"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the necessity of molecular detection for Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp equisimilis: Often misdiagnosed, and emerging pathogen","authors":"Rosemol Varghese ,&nbsp;V. Aravind ,&nbsp;K. Kirubanandan ,&nbsp;Purva Mathur ,&nbsp;V. Balaji","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Streptococcus dysgalactiae</em> subsp <em>equisimilis</em> (SDSE) is an emerging pathogen causing pharyngitis and post-streptococcal sequelae like <em>S. pyogenes</em>. SDSE was initially considered a commensal microorganism inhabiting the upper respiratory tract and skin. However, recently it has gained attention due to an increase in the invasive SDSE infections, which were reported in the early 20th century.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this review is to bring awareness of SDSE in the medical microbiologists because often its ignorance leads to the under reporting or misdiagnosis of SDSE. This also highlights the clinical spectrum of infections and the molecular epidemiology of SDSE.</div></div><div><h3>Content</h3><div>Diagnosis of SDSE in clinical laboratories is challenging, because SDSE can be seen expressing either of the three Lancefield antigen Groups, Group A, C, and G. While MALDI-TOF (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight) is a discriminatory method for identifying SDSE, its high cost can limit its use in many laboratories. Currently, there is limited data on SDSE, and further studies are required to associate the disease outcome and the <em>emm</em> type/ST of SDSE in India and other developing countries. This review highlights the importance of recognizing SDSE as an emerging pathogen, and to screen for SDSE in infections similar to <em>S.pyogenes</em>, especially in regions such as India with a high incidence of Streptococcal diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100744"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}