Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"How to write a research grant proposal","authors":"Sanjay Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Vaskar Saha","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.100482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.100482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Research is essential for the advancement of science, technology and development. Research requires funding and resource allocation. And funding requires the ability to write research grant application. This skill is acquired by the researchers and investigators while in the job with the help of colleagues. In the competitive world of academic research in college, universities, research bodies and other academic institutions it is essential to have excellent research grant application writing capabilities. This enhances the institution's and the individual's opportunities to conduct meaningful research, especially those which are resource intensive. Although research methodology is taught in the post-graduate curriculum not much training is available regarding research grant writing.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>In this article a broad outline has been provided about how research grant applications may be written. The objective is to provide young investigators with a framework upon which they can develop their research grant applications.</p></div><div><h3>Content</h3><p>A good research grant application generally facilitates research by providing the essential foundation necessary for the investigators to proceed in their research with clarity and less ambiguity. The current article discusses the landscape review of research grant applications, details of research grant organizations, research grant writing guidance and research grant writing format. The research application should include aims and objectives of the research, details of preliminary work, novelty and translational value, materials and methods (including standard operating procedure), research budget, details of investigators referees, mentor, Gantt chart, approvals and permission, facilities available. As research activities are essential for growth and development of any subject it is important that institutions focus on this important skill for students and academicians.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41121843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible impact of revisions in disc diffusion breakpoints for aminoglycosides and piperacillin/tazobactam in the 33rd edition of CLSI M100 document on clinical reporting and use in Indian settings with low susceptibility","authors":"Prabhav Aggarwal,&nbsp;Sonal Saxena,&nbsp;Nazia Nagi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The study explores the impact of significant interpretative breakpoint changes for aminoglycosides and piperacillin-tazobactam in <em>Enterobacterales</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, considering PK/PD, clinical data, and susceptibility on clinical reporting and use.</p></div><div><h3>Procedure</h3><p>Between January 2021 and June 2023, a total of 189,583 samples were processed for bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using disc diffusion method/VITEK® 2 Compact system/broth microdilution. WHONET software was utilised to capture and analyse the changes in the interpretation of disc diffusion method, following updates to CLSI M100 documents in comparison to previous editions. Antimicrobial consumption data was collected and interpreted as DDD/100 bed days using AMC tool software. Here, we present data for 13,615 members of Order Enterobacterales and 1793 <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> isolates.</p></div><div><h3>Finding</h3><p>Enterobacterales exhibited a significant susceptibility drop of 14.7% for gentamicin and 21.7% for amikacin. <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> showed an increase in isolates with intermediate tobramycin susceptibility, from 0.6% to 29.7%, with relatively minor changes in piperacillin-tazobactam interpretation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The changes indicate a shift toward increased 'resistance' and 'intermediate susceptibility' for these antibiotics, emphasizing the need for cautious use and leveraging PK/PD knowledge for improved antibiotic utilization, patient outcomes, and antimicrobial stewardship.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non O1 non O139 Vibrio cholerae septicemia in a patient with carcinoma pancreas-a case report and literature review, 2020–2023","authors":"G. Vithiya ,&nbsp;S. Velvizhi ,&nbsp;P. Shunmuga Sundaram ,&nbsp;Jharna Mandal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-O1/non-O139 <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>, a comparably poorly studied pathogen is culpable of sporadic but serious infections. We report a case of non O1 non O139 <em>Vibrio cholerae</em> septicemia in a middle aged male recently diagnosed with carcinoma pancreas. He underwent biliary tract interventional procedure for hematemesis three weeks before the presentation. Now, he presented with fever, abdominal pain, hematemesis and melena. Endoscopy revealed severe portal hypertensive gastropathy and mild hemobilia. Blood culture grew <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>, identified as non O1 non O139 by serogrouping. He recovered successfully with timely diagnosis, appropriate antibiotics and supportive measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140911851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safeguarding health on every plate: Intestinal parasitic infection survey of food handlers in a tertiary care centre","authors":"Rajendra Gudisa,&nbsp;Sumeeta Khurana,&nbsp;Abhishek Mewara,&nbsp;Priya Datta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food borne infections pose significant public health problem, especially in developing countries of the world. A continuous surveillance to ensure the health of the personnel involved in preparation of the hospital food is important as they can be a source of spreading the infections and possible outbreaks. We analysed the data of the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in food handlers in our tertiary care centre from 2018 to 2022 and 6.8% were observed to harbour intestinal parasites during the period. This signifies the importance of routine screening, and the need of awareness and education of the food handlers in hospitals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological pattern of common respiratory viruses: A year-long study","authors":"Pratiksha Chheda,&nbsp;Shashikala Shivaprakash,&nbsp;Rahul Bhalerao,&nbsp;Neetu Biyani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100614","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140957136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates in clinical infections: Experience from a tertiary care hospital, Southern India","authors":"Mahalakshmi Kumaresan,&nbsp;Meerabai Manoharan,&nbsp;Madhan Sugumar,&nbsp;Sujatha Sistla","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p><em>Burkholderia cepacia</em> complex (Bcc) is a diverse group of environmental bacteria associated with opportunistic infections. The identification of Bcc using conventional methods poses challenges. Bcc infections are difficult to treat due to intrinsic antibiotic resistance. The study aimed to investigate the species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical Bcc isolates.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 153 Bcc isolates obtained from clinical samples were analysed. Species identification was carried out using automated methods, including MALDI-TOF MS and VITEK2. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><em>Burkholderia cenocepacia</em> (70.5%) emerged as the most prevalent species, followed by <em>Burkholderia contaminans</em> (9.8%) and <em>Burkholderia cepacia</em> (7.2%)<em>.</em> Ventilator-associated pneumonia (38.6%) was the most common infection, followed by sepsis (28.1%)<em>.</em> Co-existence of Bcc with other pathogens in many cases suggested potential co-infection scenarios. Antimicrobial susceptibility revealed that ceftazidime, co-trimoxazole and meropenem were the most effective drugs, while levofloxacin proved to be the least effective. Moderate susceptibility was noted to minocycline, with 4.6% of isolates exhibiting multi-drug resistance.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence, clinical associations, and antibiotic susceptibility of Bcc in India. It highlights the importance of Bcc as a nosocomial pathogen, especially in vulnerable patient populations. The findings contribute to understanding Bcc infections, their distribution, and emphasize the necessity for accurate identification methods in clinical settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140944847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disseminated cerebral cryptococcoma mimicking glioblastoma - A case report.”","authors":"Akshata Uppar ,&nbsp;Prabhuraj Andiperumal Raj ,&nbsp;H.B. Veenakumari ,&nbsp;Samaddar Arghadip ,&nbsp;Rose Dawn Bharath ,&nbsp;Nagarathna S","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We discuss a rare instance of cryptococcoma caused by Cryptococcus gattii in a 55-year-old woman initially treated for suspected COVID bronchopneumonia. The diagnosis posed a challenge due to vague symptoms and unclear imaging findings suggesting malignancy. Postoperative samples confirmed the presence of <em>Cryptococcus gattii</em> through culture of brain tissue and blood. Appropriate therapy was initiated, but despite treatment, it led to a fatal outcome. The case emphasizes the crucial role of microbiologist in early diagnosis of fungal infections of Central Nervous System. Additionally, the delayed diagnosis in immunocompetent individuals highlights the critical need for early recognition and intervention to mitigate potentially fatal outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140911836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling Streptococcus agalactiae: Serotype distribution, virulence factors, obstetrics history and clinical presentation correlations in tertiary care hospitals of the western province of Sri Lanka","authors":"Niluka Dilrukshi ,&nbsp;Jananie Kottahachchi ,&nbsp;Thushari Dissanayake ,&nbsp;Manjula Weerasekera ,&nbsp;Asanga Sampath ,&nbsp;Neluka Fernando","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study investigated to detect serotypes and virulence genes of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolated from pregnant women.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Forty-five samples of GBS isolates from January to August 2019 at antenatal clinics of 4 teaching hospitals in Western Province, Sri Lanka were included. Isolated GBS were carried to identify 9 serotypes by multiplex PCR. Different virulence determinants, including <em>bac</em>, <em>rib</em> and <em>scp(B)</em> have been detected by PCR.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among GBS-positive culture isolates most abundant serotype detected was type III 12/45 (26.7%) while serotype VII, VIII and IX were not seen. Furthermore, serotype Ia (15.6%); II (20%); V (17.8%); VI (15.6%); Ib (2.2%) and IV (2.2%) were identified. Among 5 rectal isolates, 1 isolate was serotype Ia, 2 isolates were serotype II and 2 isolates were serotype III.</p><p>Forty (40/45) isolates expressed <em>scpB</em> gene (88.8%). Presence of <em>rib</em> gene was confirmed in 17.8%, <em>bac</em> in 13.3% isolates. <em>ScpB, rib</em> and <em>bac</em> were identified in 4.4% isolates, 8.9% isolates were <em>scpB, rib</em> positive and <em>bac</em> negative, 8.9% isolates were <em>scpB, bac</em> positive and <em>rib</em> negative. These three-virulence genes did not express in 8.9% isolates.</p><p><em>ScpB</em> gene was found once in serotype Ib and IV and all serotype VI expressed <em>scpB</em> gene. <em>Rib</em> gene was more common among serotype II and it was not found in serotype Ib, IV and VI. <em>Bac</em> gene was more common in serotype V and it was not found in serotype Ia, Ib and IV. There was not significant association between serotypes and virulence gene (p &gt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Serotype III is the most abundant serotype. In formulation of vaccine against GBS for Sri Lanka, serotype III should be targeted. Prevalence of vaccine candidate virulence protein such as β antigens of the C protein (<em>bac</em>) and surface protein Rib <em>(rib)</em> genes were low in this study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141065052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmasking the Hidden Invader: A case report of chest wall tuberculosis presenting as an abscess","authors":"Mani Bhushan Kumar ,&nbsp;Stephen Raj ,&nbsp;Sree Vani ,&nbsp;Ashwitha Ravi ,&nbsp;Rakesh Yadav ,&nbsp;Sunil Sethi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chest wall tuberculosis is a very rare clinical entity that accounts for 1–5% of musculoskeletal tuberculosis (TB). Here we present a case of chest wall TB. A 16-year-old boy presented with complaints of progressive increasing swelling over the right hemithorax following a history of trauma. Radiologically it was a localized liquid collection with no connection to the thoracic cavity. Pus sample was sent to the mycobacteriology laboratory. The Gene Xpert result came as positive, and sensitive to rifampicin while the acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear test was negative. Diagnosing a case of chest wall TB is always challenging for clinicians.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140823196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceftazidime-Avibactam resistance in clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: A phenotypic and genotypic analysis","authors":"Varshini M. Krithika,&nbsp;Vithiya Ganesan,&nbsp;T. Rajendran","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To find the prevalence of Ceftazidime-Avibactam (CAZ-AVI) resistant <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> in clinical isolates and to determine the genes responsible for Ceftazidime-Avibactam resistance using PCR.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 89 carbapenem resistant <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> from various clinical samples were included in the study. CAZ-AVI resistance was tested using E-test. CAZ-AVI resistant strains were subjected to conventional PCR for detection of carbapenamase genes bla_{NDM- 1}, bla_OXA-48, bla_VIM, bla_IMP, bla_KPC.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 89 isolates screened for CAZ-AVI resistance, 45(50.5%) isolates were found to be resistant. 42 isolates were subjected to PCR for detection of β lactamase genes.34 isolates were positive for bla_NDM-1 and all 42 isolates were positive for bla_OXA-48. Co-expression of NDM-1 and OXA-48 was seen in 34 isolates. Sensitivity of mCIM test to identify a carbapenamse compared to PCR was 61.9%. Sensitivity of eCIM test to identify NDM-1 was 80%.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>CAZ-AVI was effective in vitro in 49.4% of the isolates. Indicating that CAZ-AVI is a promising addition to antibiotics against CRE as well as a carbapenem sparing drug in ESBL producing organisms. β-Lactamase-related mutations are the main mechanism leading to CAZ-AVI resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140843515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}