Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Aims and Scope","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0255-0857(25)00227-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0255-0857(25)00227-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101014"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal meningitis by Cupriavidus pauculus: A rare pathogen with suspected vertical transmission","authors":"Nirajana Chattopadhyay ,&nbsp;Choudri Muzafar Paswal ,&nbsp;Wrik Laha ,&nbsp;Swasthi Kabi Satpathy ,&nbsp;Kumar S. Abhishek ,&nbsp;Neeraj Gupta ,&nbsp;Sourabh Sharma ,&nbsp;Vibhor Tak","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report <em>Cupriavidus pauculus</em> meningitis in a preterm neonate, likely vertically transmitted. The mother, at 33 + 6 weeks, had severe pneumonia and ARDS, requiring ICU admission and emergency C-section. The 1641g neonate developed early respiratory distress, followed by apnea and lethargy by day 6. CSF confirmed bacterial meningitis, initially misidentified as <em>Pseudomonas</em>; VITEK-2 identified <em>C. pauculus</em>. This first possible vertical transmission and second reported neonatal meningitis case highlights diagnostic challenges. MALDI-TOF may misidentify rare pathogens due to protein overlap and limited spectra. VITEK's biochemical profiling improves accuracy; combining identification methods and retesting enhances diagnostic reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100997"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal burden of WHO Critical-priority Enterobacteriaceae in the infant gut during early life influenced by maternal postpartum antibiotic exposure","authors":"Saahithya Mahesh ,&nbsp;Vidya Rajesh ,&nbsp;Vignesh Shetty ,&nbsp;Ankur Mutreja ,&nbsp;Asha Hegde ,&nbsp;Veena G. Kamath ,&nbsp;Manjula A. Kunder ,&nbsp;Shrikiran Aroor ,&nbsp;Thandavarayan Ramamurthy ,&nbsp;Shruti R. Pai ,&nbsp;Mamatha Ballal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the gut microbiome progressively evolves during infancy. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of WHO Critical Priority <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> in infants’ gut commensals and investigate the factors associated with the development of AMR.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Stool samples were collected from 67 infants at birth, 6-weeks and 14-weeks. <em>E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> and <em>Enterobacter species</em> were isolated and tested for susceptibility to 22 antibiotics and screened for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. Chi-square test and logistic regression tests were performed to evaluate the influence of clinical and demographic factors on the carriage of drug-resistant <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 67 infants, stool samples from 38 infants (58.4 %) yielded 200 isolates of <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> across three-timepoints. <em>E. coli</em> was predominant at 6-weeks (53%) and 14-weeks (63%). Cephalosporin resistance peaked at 6-weeks, with <em>E. coli</em> showing the highest resistance to 3^rd (43%) and 4^th (38%) generation cephalosporins. ESBL production was highest at 6-weeks, with 40% of <em>E. coli</em> producing ESBL, and 34% of infants carrying ESBL-producing strains. Maternal postpartum cephalosporin use significantly increased the likelihood of infants carrying cephalosporin-resistant <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> (p-value = 0.001; OR: 10.4; 95% CI: 2.31–46.83), ESBL-producers (p-value = 0.009), and multidrug-resistant isolates (p-value = 0.027).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings highlight that cephalosporin-resistant <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> colonize the infant gut as early as 6-weeks, with maternal postpartum antibiotic exposure playing a significant role. Understanding these early-life drivers of AMR could help inform strategies to mitigate AMR spread in vulnerable populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100999"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological and Clinical Epidemiology of Lomentospora prolificans infections","authors":"Lydia Jennifer Sumanth ,&nbsp;Rajiv Karthik ,&nbsp;Anuradha Chandramohan ,&nbsp;Aparna Irodi ,&nbsp;Rani D. Sahni ,&nbsp;Joy Sarojini Michael","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Lomentospora prolificans</em> (formerly <em>Scedosporium prolificans</em>) is an emerging fungal pathogen, affecting both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Treatment is difficult due to intrinsic resistance against multiple anti-fungal agents. We describe five patients with <em>L. prolificans</em> infections attending a tertiary care center in South India. Out of the 5 patients, 4 patients presented with deep seated infection, and 1 with disseminated disease. Risk factors included uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, advanced HIV infection, T cell lymphoblastic leukemia, carcinoma breast, and immunosuppressant therapy. <em>L. prolificans</em> as an important causative agent of deep seated and disseminated mycoses among immunocompromised patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100957"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parathyridaria percutanea causing phaeohyphomycotic cyst in a renal transplant patient: Is it an emerging pathogen?","authors":"Harsimran Kaur ,&nbsp;Haseen Ahmad ,&nbsp;Karthick Kumar ,&nbsp;Radhika Srinivasan ,&nbsp;Ashish Sharma ,&nbsp;Tarun Narang ,&nbsp;Jasmine Sethi ,&nbsp;Sourav Agnihotri ,&nbsp;Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a case of phaeohyphomycotic cyst due to <em>Parathyridaria percutanea</em> in a 40-year-old post renal transplant patient from India. He presented with a painless swelling between the 2nd and 3rd toes of his left foot after minor trauma to the foot with a brick. The lesion was treated by complete surgical excision without any recurrence. The fungus was identified by sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. <em>Parathyridaria percutanea</em> infections in immunocompromised patients of Indian and African origin warrants determination of host and environmental factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100985"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA)- A study of risk factors, diagnostic modalities and role of galactomannan antigen detection","authors":"Mani Bhushan Pant ,&nbsp;Rajender Singh ,&nbsp;Garima Mittal ,&nbsp;Rakhee Khanduri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Pulmonary invasive fungal infections (IFIs), particularly among immunocompromised individuals, are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical profile, underlying risk factors, and diagnostic performance of the galactomannan (GM) antigen assay in the diagnosis of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (IPA).</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 12 months at the Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, India. A total of 224 patients with suspected pulmonary IFIs were enrolled. Cases were classified as Proven, Probable, Possible, or No IFI based on the EORTC/MSG, Invasive Fungal Diseases in Adult Patients in Intensive Care Unit (FUNDICU) criteria. Respiratory and serum samples were analysed using direct potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopy, fungal culture, and GM antigen detection via lateral flow assay. Diagnostic accuracy was determined using standard statistical analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 224 patients, 46.4 % were classified as Proven or Probable IFI, 34.8 % as Possible, and 18.8 % as No IFI. dyspnoea (<em>p</em> = 0.002) was the most strongly associated symptom. Significant risk factors included asthma/COPD (52.9 %, <em>p</em> = 0.001), diabetes mellitus (36.5 %, p = 0.028), immunosuppression (37.5 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Fungal culture was positive in 30.3 % of cases, with <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> and <em>A. fumigatus</em> as the predominant isolates. A bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) GM optical density index (ODI) cut-off of ≥1.0 achieved balanced sensitivity (55.56 %) and specificity (75.86 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The GM assay in BALF at an ODI threshold of ≥1.0 showsmodest discriminative ability for the early detection of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Incorporating GM testing alongside conventional diagnostics enhances early identification and facilitates prompt antifungal therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100982"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Candida guilliermondii candidemia: A rare finding in a neonate with necrotizing enterocolitis","authors":"Shweta Singh ,&nbsp;Vivek Hada ,&nbsp;Anchala Bharadwaj ,&nbsp;Gaurav Gupta ,&nbsp;Shubhangi Chaturvedi ,&nbsp;Atul R. Rukadikar ,&nbsp;Aroop Mohanty ,&nbsp;Parul Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incidence of candidemia due to non-<em>albicans Candida</em> is increasing worldwide in various surveillance studies. Gastrointestinal tract is considered as one of the portal of entry for potential sources of invasive infections. Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious inflammatory condition of gastrointestinal tract in preterm infants. Here, we describe a case of NEC in a neonate associated with an invasive infection caused by the uncommon non-<em>albicans Candida</em> species, <em>Candida guilliermondii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100969"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of infections caused by Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in Indian patients","authors":"Veeraraghavan Balaji ,&nbsp;Nitin Bansal ,&nbsp;Ram Gopalakrishnan ,&nbsp;Camilla Rodrigues ,&nbsp;V. Ramasubramanian ,&nbsp;George M. Varghese ,&nbsp;Vasant Nagvekar ,&nbsp;Pallab Ray ,&nbsp;Sanjay Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Neha Gupta ,&nbsp;Priscilla Rupali ,&nbsp;Rajalakshmi Ananthanarayanan ,&nbsp;Sonam Vijay ,&nbsp;Kamini Walia","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), particularly in Enterobacterales, are major contributors to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacilli. This guidance document provides an overview of the epidemiology, identification, and clinical management of infections caused by Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E). This guideline adds on the previously issued Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) guidelines on carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs) and intended to support clinicians in making evidence-based decisions regarding the diagnosis and treatment of ESBL infections, thereby promoting effective patient management and antimicrobial stewardship.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The purpose of this guidance document aims to assist clinicians in selecting not only the right antibiotics to diagnose ESBLs, but also right tests to diagnose ESBLs, for effective management of ESBL infections.</div></div><div><h3>Content</h3><div>This guidance document highlights the importance of early and accurate identification of ESBL -producing Enterobacterales<em>,</em> outlines clinical syndromes that may require empirical antibiotic coverage for ESBLs, and offers guidance on appropriate de-escalation strategies. Additionally, it emphasizes on the optimal use of use of newer beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor (BLBLI) combinations, such as cefepime-enmetazobactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam, and also emphasizes on avoiding important drugs like ceftazidime-avibactam for ESBL -producing Enterobacterales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100974"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Burkholderia pseudomallei in the environment of patients with melioidosis in Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"G. Vithiya ,&nbsp;D.T. Rajendran ,&nbsp;M. Srividya ,&nbsp;M. Shagana ,&nbsp;Shobana Devi ,&nbsp;M. Pavithra ,&nbsp;R. Sivaganesa Karthikeyan ,&nbsp;R. Haribalaganesh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental surveillance of <em>Burkholderia pseudomallei</em> in India is limited, with sparse data from non-coastal regions. This study aimed to detect <em>B. pseudomallei</em> in soil collected near the residences of culture-confirmed melioidosis patients in southern India using molecular methods. A total of 50 soil samples were collected from a depth of 30 cm around the homes of five melioidosis patients in Sivagangai district, Tamil Nadu. Soil DNA was extracted and analyzed using conventional PCR targeting the TTS1 gene cluster of <em>B. pseudomallei</em>. Two(4 %) of 50 soil samples tested were positive for <em>B. pseudomallei</em> by PCR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101004"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for mutations in pmrB gene to predict potential colistin resistance among the clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","authors":"Sridevi Dinakaran ,&nbsp;Patricia Anitha K. ,&nbsp;Ajit R. Sawant ,&nbsp;Sheela Devi Chandrakesan ,&nbsp;Reba Kanungo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Infections caused by multidrug-resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (MDR-AB) are a major global problem. Increasing resistance to carbapenems among <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (<em>A.baumannii</em>) has led to using colistin as a last resort. Overuse of colistin will lead to the emergence of colistin resistance as evidenced in the past with other antibiotics. In India, reports of colistin-resistant <em>A.baumannii</em> are emerging. The mutations in the <em>pmrA/pmrB</em> genes may induce colistin resistance. However, increasing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin and detection of mutations in the <em>pmrB</em> gene may provide information on the possibility of emerging resistance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 50 clinical isolates MDR-AB were subjected to colistin broth microdilution and colistin challenge test. Amongst them, five isolates that had slightly higher MIC were sequenced to detect mutations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 50 isolates, 24 % were isolated from patients who sustained trauma due to road traffic accidents and the majority of them (96 %) required ventilator support. Twenty-seven (56 %) isolates were from patients who developed ventilator-associated pneumonia. The mortality rate was highest (71.4 %) among sepsis cases. The colistin MIC was in the susceptible range in all the isolates. Amongst the five isolates that had slightly higher MIC, only one had a mutation in the <em>pmrB</em> gene.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Due to antibiotic pressure, <em>A.baumannii</em> can develop resistance to colistin through genomic mutation. If this trend continues, colistin therapy will become ineffective. This can cause serious implications in the management, especially in critically ill patients. Through a stringent antimicrobial stewardship program (AMSP) the spread of resistance could be controlled.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100971"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}