Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Reducing central line-associated bloodstream infection rates through education and bundle care: An interventional study in a dialysis unit","authors":"Venugopal Angamuthu Vignesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Girija Subramanian ,&nbsp;Ravikumar Paninjukunnath","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To evaluate catheter-related infections in patients undergoing haemodialysis and assess the impact of an educational intervention and infection control bundle on CLABSI rates. This hospital-based interventional study was conducted in a dialysis unit in rural Puducherry, over six months with 19 patients on central venous catheters and 20 staff. The baseline CLABSI rate of 26.3 % declined to 10.5 % post-intervention. Enterococcus spp. And Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were predominant isolates. Staff and patient compliance improved significantly (p &lt; 0.001). Educational interventions and infection control bundles adherence effectively reduced CLABSI rates, emphasizing continuous training, surveillance and real-time feedback to sustain improvement and enhance patient's outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100978"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic characterization of measles virus circulating in Jharkhand","authors":"Aparna Aparajita ,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Nikesh Sinha ,&nbsp;Kumari Seema ,&nbsp;Abhay Kumar ,&nbsp;Manju Boipai ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Measles virus (MeV) transmission pathways can be traced via molecular surveillance based on the N-450 region of the Nucleocapsid gene of the virus. Genetic characterization of MeV can identify the circulating genotypes in a given area and provide insights into vaccine efficacy on them.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>India is a vast country where molecular surveillance data on circulating MeV from all states can help gauge vaccination coverage in the elimination settings of measles. The aim of the study was genetic characterization of circulating MeV in Jharkhand and evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination drives.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to detect MeV RNA in samples used for molecular testing. The positive RT-PCR products were sequenced, phylogenetic analysis performed, and submitted in the MeaNS2 (Measles Nucleotide Surveillance2) database.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>113 of the 788 molecular samples from 788 cases tested positive by RT-PCR, and sequencing was carried out on these samples. 82 samples yielded good sequences on which phylogenetic analysis was done. All sequences clustered around MANCHES.UNK94 of D8 genotype. 13 Distinct Sequence Identifier (DSId) within D8 genotype identified. The maximum cases were less than 5 years of age. No vaccine strains were identified.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Molecular surveillance data based on virus detection and genotyping helped to identify the circulating genotype of MeV, which is the D8 genotype in Jharkhand. Many DSIds indicate lineages of the current D8 genotype, which can be controlled with existing vaccines. Immunity gaps need to be addressed by stringent vaccination coverage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101006"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145476592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hospital-based epidemiological study of the genes coding for carbapenemase production among carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter isolates in India","authors":"Protiti Bose,&nbsp;Prabha Desikan,&nbsp;Zeba Khan,&nbsp;Nikita Panwalkar,&nbsp;Aseem Rangnekar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Worldwide, <em>Acinetobacter species</em> is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) nosocomial pathogen capable of acquiring or upregulating resistant determinants thereby effecting drug efficacy. Resistance to Carbapenems causes high morbidity and mortality. The study aims to know prevalence of <em>carbapenemase</em> producing genes in <em>Acinetobacter</em> spp., and understand the local epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant <em>Acinetobacter</em> spp. in a tertiary care hospital in India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Carbapenem-resistant <em>Acinetobacter</em> isolates from clinical samples were analysed to identify the resistance mechanism to carbapenem drugs <em>viz.</em> ertapenem, meropenem and doripenem. The Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index with reference to Carbapenems was calculated. Quantitative PCR was performed to investigate prevalence of antimicrobial resistance encoding <em>bla</em> genes (NDM, VIM, KPC, OXA-23, OXA-48, OXA-58, OXA-51). The frequency and prevalence of the different genes in various health care area of the hospital was identified.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seventeen (41.46 %) <em>Acinetobacter</em> isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates and nine (21.95 %) were extensively drug-resistant (XDR) to carbapenem drugs. Twenty-two (53.65 %) isolates were from the intensive care unit. Majority of the <em>Acinetobacter</em> isolates with Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) indices greater than 0.2 were isolated from patients admitted to the intensive care unit. The frequencies of distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes for <em>bla</em>_<em>NDM</em> and <em>bla</em>_{<em>OXA-23</em>} like were 84.62 % respectively; <em>bla</em>_{<em>OXA-51</em>} like was 76.92 %; <em>bla</em>_<em>VIM</em> 73.08 % and <em>bla</em>_{<em>OXA-48</em>} like was 61.54 %. Many antibiotic-resistant genes were found co-existent in multiple isolates. No pan drug resistant strain was detected.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The major <em>carbapenemase</em> genetic determinants circulating especially in the hospital intensive care unit during the period of the study were <em>bla</em>_<em>NDM</em>, <em>bla</em>_{<em>OXA-23</em>} like, <em>bla</em>_{<em>OXA-51</em>} like and <em>bla</em>_<em>VIM</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100983"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the present scenario of last resort antimicrobial resistance with special emphasis on colistin at a tertiary care hospital in India","authors":"Nupur Pal ,&nbsp;Raja Ray,&nbsp;Suhita Sur ,&nbsp;Ujjaini Roy,&nbsp;Wasim Mallick,&nbsp;Shreya Saha","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Recently, Multi-Drug-Resistant (MDR) bacteria have become a major threat worldwide. Due to the frequent use of last-resort antimicrobials, the emergence of carbapenem and tigecycline-resistant strains has become more common in the hospital environment. This has impelled to the inclusion of colistin against MDR bacteria. This study evaluates the resistance pattern to last resort antibiotics such as carbapenems, tigecycline, and colistin, as well as compares the VITEK-2 MIC result of colistin with the broth microdilution method (BMD).</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Among the total 250 MDR-GNB strains selected from 1789 isolates, resistance to carbapenem, tigecycline, and colistin was reevaluated by the VITEK2 automated system. After excluding intrinsic resistance colistin bacteria, 158 isolates were further tested by the broth microdilution method for colistin and compared statistically with VITEK-2AST results.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>In this study, resistance to carbapenem was the highest (Imipenem 65.5 %, Meropenem 62.7 %), followed by Tigecycline 31.1 % and Colistin 11.1 %. The comparison of BMD with the VITEK-2 AST showed comparable results in terms of resistant and intermediate strains. In this study, Essential Agreement (EA), Categorical Agreement (CA), Very Major Error (VME), and Major Error (ME) were 88.60 %, 98.10 %, 1.26 %, and 0.63 % respectively. The CA, VME, and ME were within the accepted range as per CLSI, except for the EA. Here, the Essential disagreement was basically MIC value differences, which were mostly within interpretative ranges.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Colistin-resistant strains are on the rise in India. In resource-limited countries and in life-threatening conditions, VITEK-2 may be employed as a viable substitute for colistin AST.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101001"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lacrimal canaliculitis caused by Fusobacterium periodonticum: A rare clinical encounter","authors":"Ishleen Pahwa ,&nbsp;Padmaja Ananth Shenoy ,&nbsp;Neetha I.R. Kuzhuppilly ,&nbsp;Shashidhar Vishwanath","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lacrimal canaliculitis is an infection of the lacrimal canaliculus, often caused by bacteria, including species of <em>Actinomyces</em>. This report presents a unique instance of lacrimal canaliculitis instigated by the rare periodontal pathogen, <em>Fusobacterium periodonticum,</em> in a 49-year-old female homemaker. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented culture-confirmed case report of lacrimal canaliculitis associated with <em>F. periodonticum</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101003"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and challenges about standard safety precautions and vaccination among health care professionals: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Abhinav Gupta ,&nbsp;Mamta Gour ,&nbsp;Kranti Kumar Gour ,&nbsp;Kumkum Madoriya","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Healthcare workers are often at risk of exposure to hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) while working. Preventive strategies, such as standard safety precautions and vaccination, decrease the incidence of HAIs. The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and challenges faced by healthcare professionals regarding standard safety precautions and vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare professionals across various medical Institutions. A validated online questionnaire was circulated which consisted of questions related to knowledge, attitude, and challenges about standard safety precautions and vaccination. Appropriate statistical tests were applied for the analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 316 healthcare professionals surveyed, the mean knowledge score was 12.2 out of 19, and the mean attitude score was 42.7 out of 50, indicating overall acceptable knowledge and positive attitudes. Higher knowledge scores were observed among females, trained individuals, and clinical staff. Significant associations were observed between knowledge scores with age group (χ² = 10.96, p = 0.027), gender (χ² = 7.55, p = 0.006), and position (χ² = 11.22, p = 0.024). A modest positive correlation (r = 0.21; p = 0.0002) existed between knowledge and attitude.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although healthcare personnel have typically good attitudes and acceptable levels of knowledge, effective application of conventional precautions is hampered by challenges. Promoting compliance and lowering the load of healthcare-associated infections depend on closing these gaps by means of better infrastructure support and increased training programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100998"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the diagnostic and surveillance framework for acute encephalitis syndrome in resource-limited settings","authors":"Kamran Zaman ,&nbsp;Jyothi Bhat ,&nbsp;Subarna Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100946","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100946"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatosplenic abscess due to Burkholderia pseudomallei-a retrospective review of nineteen cases from a tertiary care centre in South India","authors":"Rajalakshmi Preethi G ,&nbsp;G. Vithiya ,&nbsp;Vanishree Balaji ,&nbsp;P. Shunmuga Sundaram ,&nbsp;T. Rajendran ,&nbsp;V. Mangayarkarasi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spleen and liver are the most commonly affected extrapulmonary visceral organs in melioidosis. We present the clinical features and outcome of nineteen cases of hepatosplenic abscess due to <em>Burkholderia pseudomallei</em> reported between 2015 and 2023. Isolated liver abscess, isolated splenic involvement and concurrent liver and spleen abscess were seen in 5 (26 %), 7 (37 %) and 7 (37 %) patients correspondingly. Honeycomb sign was seen in 10 (83 %) patients with liver abscess. Splenic involvement in the form multiple microabscesses was seen in 4 (29 %) patients and multiple larger discrete and coalescent abscesses in 10 (71 %) patients. Seventeen patients recovered with treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101007"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Syndromic panel testing- Understanding epidemiology of paediatric diarrhoea to augment antimicrobial stewardship in tertiary health care set-up","authors":"Hena Butta ,&nbsp;Raman Sardana ,&nbsp;Anupam Sibal ,&nbsp;Leena Mendiratta ,&nbsp;Ghanta Naga Sai Snigdha ,&nbsp;Smita Malhotra ,&nbsp;Yaja Jebaying","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study was undertaken to know the epidemiology of various microorganisms causing gastroenteritis in paediatric age group, to evaluate clinico-microbiological correlation with respect to the type of microorganism, to study the clinical presentations and impact of syndromic based film array assay on antimicrobial stewardship and patient management.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is five years retrospective study in which the results of Gastrointestinal film array panel of stool specimens of children≤16 Years of age who presented with gastroenteritis during 2019–2023 were noted. Clinical correlation of the microbes was done with respect to suspected clinical diagnosis, age, immune status and other underlying illness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 151 samples, 41 were negative for all the pathogens and 110 showed presence of one or more pathogens. The occurrence of negative Film array assay in immunocompromised patients was observably more in comparison to immunocompetent patients (36.36 % vs 23.36 %). Rota virus A and <em>Shigella</em>/Enteroinvasive <em>Escherichia coli</em> (EIEC) were statistically (p value≤0.05) more often detected in immunocompetent patients and children below 5 years of age. The detection of <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> toxin A/B was mainly attributed to transient colonization or asymptomatic carriage in young children. <em>Giardia lamblia</em> and <em>Entamoeba histolytica</em> were more often detected in immunocompetent children. Amongst viruses, Norovirus was detected maximally.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Syndromic panel-based detection of pathogens can help in understanding epidemiology of infections, antimicrobial stewardship, setting an example for diagnostic stewardship and may act as a good tool for surveillance of infections thereby leading to timely initiation of preventive strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100956"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-occurrence of novel TEM-264 and NDM-88 in Escherichia coli isolated from urine sample of 72-year-Old female patient, Gujarat, India","authors":"Siddhi A. Darji,&nbsp;Devjani Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100980","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100980"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}