Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Non-O157 Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Causing Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in a Child: An Emerging Paradigm.","authors":"Harman Preet Kaur, Hitender Gautam, Shreshtha Singh, Priyam Batra, Sarita Mohapatra, Seema Sood, Benu Dhawan, Bimal Kumar Das","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"101133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147864043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The synergy between ceftazidime/avibactam and aztreonam against metallo-beta-lactamase positive isolates from an oncology center in eastern India.","authors":"Soumik Pal, Bijon Halder, Suchandrima Biswas, Gaurav Goel, Kamini Walia, Balaji Veeraraghavan, Sanjay Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ceftazidime/avibactam plus aztreonam has emerged as an important antimicrobial combination for empirical and targeted therapy of suspected or confirmed metallo-beta-lactamase positive carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections (especially in Enterobacterales). As this combination is not necessarily synergistic against target pathogens it is essential that synergy test is done whenever clinically indicated. However, real-world information is scarce with regard to clinical sample and organism specific synergism data. In this study we present data from an oncology hospital in eastern India.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We performed bacterial identification and phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility using VITEK®-2 Compact system. Carbapenemase resistance genes in bacteria were detected by end-point multiplex PCR. We tested phenotypic synergy of Ceftazidime/avibactam plus aztreonam by broth micro-dilution (of 302 isolates).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In blood culture samples Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the maximum synergism (97.43%), followed by Escherichia coli (66.63%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33.33%). Among urine culture samples Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the maximum synergism (96.22%), followed by E. coli (78.04%) and P. aeruginosa only (17.64%). Among respiratory cultures (sputum, endotracheal secretion, broncho-alveolar lavage) Klebsiella pneumoniae showed maximum synergism (91.66%), followed by E. coli (80%) and P. aeruginosa (37.5%). Among isolates from pus and other body fluid samples Klebsiella pneumoniae had maximum synergism (96.87%), followed by E. coli (93.54%) and P. aeruginosa (36.36%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Inappropriate use and over use of Ceftazidime/avibactam and aztreonam would not only harm antimicrobial stewardship but also result in development of antimicrobial resistance and financial burden. Clinical microbiology laboratories in India need to provide services for Ceftazidime/avibactam with aztreonam synergy testing to facilitate patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"101131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing leprosy through laboratory lens: Spatial insights from a tertiary care Hospital, Hyderabad","authors":"S. Avinash ,&nbsp;K. Rajesh Kanna ,&nbsp;Sree Ranjani ,&nbsp;S. Raja ,&nbsp;Deepthi Konda ,&nbsp;S.M. Rudresh ,&nbsp;Rahul Narang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leprosy continues to be reported in India despite ongoing control efforts. We conducted a two-year retrospective study (May 2023–2025) at a tertiary-care microbiology laboratory in Hyderabad, India, to describe laboratory-confirmed cases of leprosy. Samples from clinically suspected cases were examined using Modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining, and only smear-positive cases were included. Demographic details, treatment follow-up status, and district of residence were reviewed, and spatial distribution was visualized using spot mapping of 93 samples processed, 24 were smear-positive. The distribution of cases reflected the hospital's service area. Routine laboratory data can support local leprosy surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal infections in diabetes mellitus","authors":"Harsimran Kaur ,&nbsp;Parakriti Gupta ,&nbsp;Manpreet Dhaliwal ,&nbsp;Arunaloke Chakrabarti","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Diabetes mellitus is recognised as a global health problem and has increasingly been associated with fungal infections, as an independent risk factor. Diabetic patients are predisposed to both superficial as well as invasive fungal disease, and account for substantial morbidity and mortality. Recent pandemic of COVID-19 underlined the global problem of mucormycosis, however, the burden of fungal infections among diabetics has a much broader horizon. This review aims to summarise the spectrum of fungal infections encountered among diabetic patients, along with elucidating immunopathogenesis and clinical challenges encountered in diagnosis and management of such infections.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a narrative review of all published literature focusing on spectrum of fungal infections, immunopathogenesis and clinical challenges encountered in diagnosis and management, among diabetic patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Diabetes mellitus facilitates the acquisition and progression of fungal infections via multiple coordinated mechanisms viz. hyperglycemia, impaired immune (innate and adaptive) response, altered microenvironment and endothelial dysfunction. These changes in the milieu contribute to pervasive clinical presentations, ranging from cutaneous and oral candidiasis to invasive fungal diseases like mucormycosis, aspergillosis and cryptococcosis. Besides predisposing to fungal infections, diabetes also serves as a prognostic factor and has been noted to worsen the outcome. Furthermore, the altered microenvironment affects the pharmacokinetics of antifungal drugs and can also reduce the efficacy of antifungal regime, further convoluting and worsening the progression of disease.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Early diagnosis and management of fungal infections is necessary to mitigate the associated morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. A multidisciplinary approach is imperative as diabetes hampers the effectiveness of conventional antifungal regimens and facilitates antifungal resistance. Regular monitoring of glycaemic index and compliance for drugs, along with lifestyle modifications desired for optimal levels, is pre-requisite for antifungal therapy to exhibit desired action.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual colony morphology of Burkholderia pseudomallei leading to initial diagnostic dilemma","authors":"Noureen Thacharakavil Variyath,&nbsp;Srujana Mohanty,&nbsp;Rana Pratap Dutta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Burkholderia pseudomallei</em>, an environmental Gram-negative saprophyte is the causative agent of melioidosis, a potentially fatal yet treatable clinical entity. We report an unusual colony morphology of the organism to minimize misidentification and enable accurate diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indian Fungal Infection National Declaration (I-Find).","authors":"Vinaykumar Hallur, Jayanthi Savio, Shukla Das, Malini R Capoor, Vijaylatha Rastogi, Pratibha Kale, Gagandeep Singh, Savitri Sharma, Harsimran Kaur, Priyadarshini Padaki, Archana Keche, Anup Ghosh, Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy, David Denning, Arunaloke Chakrabarti","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Serious fungal diseases are significant yet long neglected public health problem in India, setting an estimated 4.1% of the population and with the mortality from invasive fungal diseases approaching 50%, surpassing several nationally prioritised conditions. The emergence and spread of drug resistant pathogens such as Candida auris, azole resistant Aspergillus fumigatus, and Trichophyton indotineae together with COVID-19 associated mucormycosis epidemic, expose critical gaps in preparedness prevention and care despite the presence of a WHO collaborating centre and an Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) mycology Advanced Mycology Diagnostic and Research Centre network, major deficiencies persist in surveillance, diagnostics, antifungal access, stewardship, workforce, capacity and coordinated research OBJECTIVES: The Indian Fungal Infection National Declaration (I- FIND) seeks to catalyse a structured, time bound national response that elevates fungal diseases to a recognised public health priority and measurably reduces morbidity, mortality, and fungal resistance. Its objectives are to identify and target key at risk populations (including those with immunosuppression, critical illnesses, chronic lung disease and poorly controlled diabetes, to acknowledge major community mycoses such as chronic dermatophytosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and fungal keratitis, and to define clear domains for action across governance, surveillance, diagnostics, clinical management, research, workforce development, public awareness, One Health, and accountability.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>I- FIND identifies 9 core domains, including governance, surveillance, diagnostics, clinical management, research, workforce development, public awareness, One Health measures, and accountability. Proposals cover creating a National Task Force, issuing a five-year fungal disease control strategy, integrating mycology network, setting diagnostic standards, incorporating stewardship and prioritizing translational research funding. The declaration is supported by major Indian and international professional societies guides formal adoption and implementation across India.</p>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"101128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Mycoplasma pneumoniae among children hospitalized in a tertiary hospital with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections\" [Indian J Med Microbiol 53 (2025) 100781].","authors":"Surinder Kumar, Sanjeev R Saigal, Sourabh Kumar, G R Sethi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101097","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"101097"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147498638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rising threat: Emergence of Listeria monocytogenes infection from hilly terrain of North India","authors":"Pratiksha Kamboj,&nbsp;Vanya Singh,&nbsp;Priyal Anand,&nbsp;Balram Ji Omar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> is a foodborne pathogen capable of causing severe invasive infections, particularly meningitis, in neonates, immunocompromised individuals, and pregnant women. This report represents a neonate with multiple complications including meningitis. This case underscores the diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic challenges posed by <em>L. monocytogenes</em>, especially in high-risk populations. Early recognition, timely antimicrobial therapy, and close long-term follow-up are critical for improving outcomes in affected patients and minimizing the risk of neurological sequelae or fatal progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101048"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145989046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Candidozyma auris: Identification, antifungal susceptibility, and caspofungin-induced paradoxical growth","authors":"Gülşah Ece Özmerdiven,&nbsp;Arzu İrvem","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of VITEK®2 and CHROMagar™ <em>Candida</em> Plus agar in the identification of <em>C. auris</em>, using MALDI-TOF MS results as the reference standard. Additionally, to assess antifungal susceptibility, the study compares the results of two widely used commercial methods in routine laboratory practice: VITEK®2 and Sensititre™ YeastOne™ (SYO).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 63 <em>C. auris</em> isolates were included in the study. VITEK®2 results were evaluated in comparison to SYO, and categorical agreement, major error (ME), and very major error (VME) rates were calculated. MIC50, MIC90 values and resistance rates determined by both methods were compared. The Eagle effect was also investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The VITEK®2 results (74 %) and the morphological characteristics of colonies grown on CHROMagar™ <em>Candida</em> Plus (100 %) were found to be consistent with MALDI-TOF MS identification. In the SYO method, the MIC values for amphotericin B, fluconazole, and voriconazole were found to be higher compared to those obtained by VITEK®2. No resistance was detected against micafungin and anidulafungin. Resistance observed in relation to caspofungin MIC values was identified as the Eagle effect. MIC50 and MIC90 values determined by VITEK®2 were lower than those obtained by SYO, except for amphotericin B, for which VITEK®2 showed a higher MIC90 value.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In our study, it was observed that CHROMagar™ <em>Candida</em> Plus can be used as a screening method for the identification of <em>C. auris</em> in hospitals without access to MALDI-TOF MS. Incompatibility was detected in antifungal susceptibility testing, and the rates of major error (ME) and very major error (VME) were found to be high. For caspofungin, the high dilution range in the SYO method was determined which also detected the Eagle effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146040574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors and outcome associated with the acquisition of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: A matched case-control-control study","authors":"Prakash Shastri ,&nbsp;Yamuna Devi Bakthavatchalam ,&nbsp;Vijit Jaiswal ,&nbsp;Chand Wattal ,&nbsp;Balaji Veeraraghavan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Carbapenem resistance in <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (Kp) has led to increased use of colistin-based therapy in the intensive care units (ICUs). Lately however, colistin resistance among <em>K. pneumoniae</em> has been widely reported. This study aims to investigate the prevalence, and the potential risk factors associated with colistin resistant <em>K. pneumoniae</em> (ColRKp) in the intensive care unit (ICU).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>All ICU patients, above 18 years of age, with a culture positive blood stream infection were included. A case–control–control design was used. Patients with colistin resistant <em>K. pneumoniae</em> (ColRKp) blood stream infections (BSI) were defined as cases. These were compared to two control populations, Control Group A had Kp infections moderately sensitive to colistin (ColMSKp); and control group B who had other bacterial infections. 50 ColRKp isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Lungs as the source of infection (13.9 % vs 6.4 %, p ≤ 0.05) and longer hospital stay (26 days vs 22 days, p ≤ 0.05) were the significant risk factors which correlated with acquisition of colistin resistance in <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>. An increased 28-day mortality was noticed in control groups who were given colistin based upon their in vitro sensitivity, (group A, 79 % and group B, 75.8 %) compared to cases (56.9 %). From among the ColRKp isolates subjected to WGS, 72 % (n = 36) carried NDM with OXA-48 like (OXA-181/232) carbapenemases. Mutations were found in pmrA, in pmrB, pmrC and pmrABC gene. None of the isolates had insertion in mgrB gene, all isolates were negative for mcr gene variants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both NDM and OXA-48 like carbapenemases were present in ColRKp. Patients receiving colistin therapy based on their in vitro sensitivity had increased risk for developing resistance to colistin and 28-day mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146043548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}