Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Omadacycline as a promising tetracycline alternative for treating community-acquired bacterial pneumonia: Indian Experience.","authors":"Yamuna Devi Bakthavatchalam, Yuvasri Manokaran, Ranjan Adhiya, Kamini Walia, Balaji Veeraraghavan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Omadacycline, a novel tetracycline that has approved for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSIs). In the present study, we evaluated the in-vitro activity of omadacycline against bacterial pathogens causing CABP. Non-duplicate isolates of methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (n=105), methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (n=102), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=100) and Moraxella catarrhalis (n=102) were included. The minimum inhibitory concentration of omadacycline and its comparators were determined using the broth microdilution method. Overall, omadacycline potently inhibited MSSA (MIC₉₀ 0.25 mg/L), MRSA (MIC₉₀ 0.5 mg/L), S. pneumoniae (MIC₉₀ 0.06 mg/L) and M. catarrhalis (MIC₉₀ 0.12 mg/L) isolates. This finding reiterates that omadacycline could be a potential treatment alternative for treating severe CABP.</p>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"100833"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First reported case of phaeohyphomycotic bursitis due to Paraconiothyrium estuarinum","authors":"Mohamed Asarudeen S ,&nbsp;Latha Ragunathan ,&nbsp;Kavitha Kannaiyan ,&nbsp;Pramodhini Subramanian ,&nbsp;V. Vignesh ,&nbsp;Aravind C. Sasi ,&nbsp;Sherief Shebeena ,&nbsp;Jaishma Rajni ,&nbsp;R. Jenifer Raj","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 51-year-old male presented with right knee swelling with persistent pain for the past two weeks. Radiograph of the knee showed no bone abnormalities. Bursectomy was performed and the aspirated fluid was sent for laboratory analysis. Gram staining revealed fungal filaments, and culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar yielded blackish-brown pigmented fungal colonies. Histopathological examination showed slender, septate hyphae. PCR sequencing identified <em>Paraconiothyrium estuarinum</em> as the causative agent. The patient was treated with itraconazole for 3 months with regular follow-up, resulting in clinical improvement. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic considerations in managing fungal bursitis caused by <em>Paraconiothyrium estuarinum.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100826"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of antibiotic prescription pattern and drug rationality analysis among outpatients at public health setting, India","authors":"Vinay Modgil ,&nbsp;Nusrat Shafiq ,&nbsp;Amandeep Gondara ,&nbsp;Rashmi Surial ,&nbsp;Harpreet Singh ,&nbsp;Vivek Karol ,&nbsp;Manmeet Kaur ,&nbsp;Helen Lambert ,&nbsp;Neelam Taneja","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antibiotic resistance (AMR) is a significant worldwide health problem, with inappropriate antibiotic prescription being a major contributing factor. Prudent antibiotic use is essential for enhancing health outcomes and reducing AMR. This study assesses antibiotic prescribing practices and their logic in a public community health facility catering to 12,900 urban and rural populations in North India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional research was performed from August 2021 to August 2022, examining 1219 outpatient antibiotic prescriptions. The data encompassed medication kind, dose, duration, adherence to therapeutic criteria, and rationale evaluated by ID specialists and clinical pharmacologists. The evaluation was conducted in accordance with standard procedures, including those from NCDC and PGIMER. Demographics, antibiotic classifications, WHO AWaRe categories, diagnoses, and compliance with the essential drug list (EDL) were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicated that 45.9 % of prescriptions were for males and 54 % for females, predominantly involving individuals aged 20–40 years. Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (27.2 %) was the most often given antibiotic, followed by metronidazole (13.4 %) and azithromycin (10.3 %). The WHO AWaRe categorization revealed that 49.7 % of antibiotics were categorized as “Access,” 27.3 % as “Watch,” and none as “Reserve.” An examination of rationality indicated that 57 % of urinary tract infection prescriptions were justified, but just 29 % of respiratory tract infection prescriptions were deemed logical. Diarrhea and respiratory tract infections were recognized as primary targets for minimizing superfluous antibiotic consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The research underscores the necessity for enhanced antibiotic prescription protocols in outpatient environments. Specialized education for healthcare professionals, improved prescription oversight, and compliance with evidence-based protocols are essential for fostering judicious antibiotic utilization and addressing AMR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100829"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Candida infections in COVID-19 patients: A review of prevalence, risk factors, and mortality","authors":"Eduardo Franco Tulio ,&nbsp;Fabíola Lucini ,&nbsp;Allan Carminatti de Lima ,&nbsp;Natalia Daiane Garoni Martins do Carmo ,&nbsp;Marcelo dos Santos Barbosa ,&nbsp;Gleyce Hellen de Almeida de Souza ,&nbsp;Luana Rossato","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Candida</em> spp. infections have increasingly been reported among COVID-19 patients, yet the epidemiological factors, diagnostic methods, and outcomes associated with these infections remain poorly understood. These infections, particularly in ICU settings, present significant challenges due to high mortality rates and rising antifungal resistance. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes of <em>Candida albicans</em> and non-<em>albicans Candida</em> in COVID-19 patients, providing clinical and epidemiological insights.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, and BVS databases, covering articles published from January 2020 to May 2024. Inclusion criteria included case reports or case series providing detailed information on <em>Candida</em> spp. in COVID-19 patients. Data extraction focused on patient demographics, underlying diseases, antifungal and antibiotic therapies, antifungal susceptibility, resistance profiles, and outcomes. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The review included 67 studies, totaling 223 COVID-19 patients. Male patients were predominant. Common comorbidities included hypertension, cancer, and dyslipidemia. Echinocandins were the primary antifungal treatment. Non-<em>albicans Candida</em> exhibited a higher resistance rate (47.10 %) compared to <em>C. albicans</em> (2.35 %). Overall mortality rates were high, at 60.50 % for <em>C. albicans</em> and 62.30 % for non-<em>albicans</em>. Significant risk factors for mortality included age, central venous catheter use, ICU admission, and corticosteroid therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study identified critical risk factors and clinical characteristics in COVID-19 patients with <em>Candida</em> infections. The high incidence of antifungal resistance among non-<em>albicans</em> and high mortality rates highlight the need for vigilant monitoring and targeted antifungal strategies to improve outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100831"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding geographical niche of emerging pathogen Fonsecaea nubica: First report of its isolation from India from a case of chromoblastomycosis","authors":"Vinaykumar Hallur ,&nbsp;Sajid Khan ,&nbsp;Dharitri Mohapatra ,&nbsp;Bimoch Projna Paty ,&nbsp;Jayashree Mohanty ,&nbsp;Diptanu Paul ,&nbsp;Pritika Gahlot ,&nbsp;Madhuchhanda Das ,&nbsp;M.R. Shivaprakash","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 19-year-old male from Odisha state was diagnosed with facial chromoblastomycosis caused by <em>Fonsecaea nubica</em>, initially misidentified as <em>F. pedrosoi</em>. Sequencing of Internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA confirmed <em>F. nubica</em>, marking its first detection in India. This highlights the need for further research and monitoring of epidemiology of chromoblastomycosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100825"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical presentation of an atypical bacteria - Mycoplasma pneumoniae","authors":"Tanu Sagar ,&nbsp;Anusha Rathi ,&nbsp;Vinayaraj EV ,&nbsp;Nishant Verma ,&nbsp;Madhulika Kabra","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</em> (Mp) is a bacterium lacking cell wall, that causes atypical pneumonia in both children and adults, presenting as a mild to moderate illness. However, in some cases, it can result in severe pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications. Here, we report a case of <em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae-</em>associated facial palsy in a six-year-old child, who exhibited no significant respiratory signs or symptoms. The diagnosis was confirmed through real-time polymerase chain reaction assay of cerebrospinal fluid and throat samples. The possible correlation between <em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</em> infection and different symptoms of the central nervous system should be kept in mind by the clinicians.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100830"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudomonas mendocina bacteremia: A case study from Indian subcontinent","authors":"Munaza Aman ,&nbsp;Bashir A. Fomda ,&nbsp;Shagufta Roohi ,&nbsp;Uksim Qadri ,&nbsp;Saleem J. Wani ,&nbsp;Umaya Majid ,&nbsp;Rayees A. Dar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Members of Pseudomonadaceae family are opportunistic pathogens that have been classified under various groups. <em>Pseudomonas mendocina</em> was first reported at Mendoza in 1970 with its first documented human infection in 1992. We present a case of bacteremia caused by <em>Pseudomonas mendocina</em> in 59-year-old immune-compromised patient from a tertiary-care teaching hospital. This is first reported case of bacteremia and the third case of infection caused by <em>Pseudomonas mendocina</em> from India. Although twenty-one cases of <em>Pseudomonas mendocina</em> infection have already been published from different countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100827"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"False positivity of cryptococcal LFA: A diagnostic challenge","authors":"Rakesh Singh,&nbsp;Mahalakshmi Kumaresan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100828","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100828"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria a culprit of Gullian Barre Syndrome (GBS): A case report","authors":"Sara Soomro,&nbsp;Mehmood Alam,&nbsp;Hiba Akber,&nbsp;Sara Ismail,&nbsp;Lubna Iqbal Abbasi,&nbsp;Fivzia Farooq Herekar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Guillain-Barré Syndrome is an autoimmune condition that commonly develops after bacterial or viral infection. Parasitic infections including malaria can also rarely cause Guillain-Barré Syndrome especially in malaria endemic areas like Pakistan. The exact association between malaria and Guillain-Barré Syndrome is not well understood or documented in literature. We report a case of a young male who was infected with malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum and then developed Guillain-Barré Syndrome that was managed with plasmapheresis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100824"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kimura disease with Nocardiosis in a child with a novel mutation in IL12RB1gene","authors":"Kranthikumar Karrolla ,&nbsp;Gayatri Karuthapandy ,&nbsp;Jaikumar Govindaswamy Ramamoorthy ,&nbsp;Venkatesh Chandrasekaran ,&nbsp;Gunasekaran Dhandapany ,&nbsp;Maanasa Bhaskar ,&nbsp;Mahalakshmi Kumaresan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 12-year-old boy who had been diagnosed with Kimura disease was brought with a history suggestive of acute pyelonephritis. There was a family history of a first-degree relative with a diagnosis of Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial disease. Investigations revealed a left renal abscess. Aspirate culture grew <em>Nocardia otitidiscaviarum</em>. Targeted gene sequencing revealed a novel mutation in the IL12RB1 gene. Based on the above information a diagnosis of an underlying primary immune deficiency disorder was made. He was managed with appropriate antibiotics, showing steady improvement and eventually a complete recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100816"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}