Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Molecular analysis of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in a tertiary care hospital, Kalburgi district, Karnataka 2023.","authors":"Jyothi N Sanganal, Asharani Shinde, Md Iqbal Ahmed, Sakib Akther Pattassery, Susha Subash, Srinivas Vilasagaram, Praveen Kumar, Marappa Narayana, Ashok Munivenkatappa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Viral infections are the predominant cause of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) across the globe. From July to August of 2023, a large-scale conjunctivitis outbreak was witnessed in India, affecting a large number of individuals. The present study was initiated to identify the causative agent responsible for the AHC outbreak in Kalburgi district of Karnataka state.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Conjunctival and throat swabs were collected from AHC patients from a tertiary care hospital in Kalburgi from August to September 2023. After total viral RNA extraction from all the samples, reverse transcriptase PCR was performed using 5' non-coding regions of the enterovirus (EV) genome. The positive samples were further subjected to PCR using EV type-specific primers of Coxsackie A-24 variant (CA24v) and enterovirus-70 (EV-70). EV negative samples were also tested for human adenovirus. Five representative CA24v-positive samples were subjected to partial sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-three AHC patient samples were included in the testing and analysis. EV was detected among 54.5 % (18/33) of the patients and all were found to be CA24v, while no EV-70 or human adenovirus was detected. Partial 3C-proteinase sequencing revealed that the CA24v strains from Kalburgi were closely clustered and had 99 % sequence identity with CA24v strains reported from China in 2023. However, the Kalburagi strains were 90.3-93.2 % identical to previously reported Indian strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To summarize, CA24v was identified as an etiological agent responsible for the recent acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak in Kalburgi. The CA24v strain detected was closely related to the currently circulating Asian strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"100785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple soil transmitted helminths in a case of aluminium phosphide poisoning.","authors":"Abhishek Mewara, Mamta Thakur, Sana Afreen, Nikita Sharma, Sumeeta Khurana","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections remain prevalent in India despite the ongoing deworming program. Here, we report a case of triple infection of Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Strongyloides stercoralis, in a young asymptomatic and apparently immunocompetent female presenting with aluminium phosphide poisoning. Except for severe anaemia, the only other indicators of chronic infection were occasional abdominal pain and self-limiting loose stools. She was successfully treated for her conditions. This case highlights that despite regular deworming programs in children, STH may continue to infect adults in endemic areas and may be relevant to their well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"100787"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin Colonization by Pathogenic Bacteria as a Risk Factor for Neonatal Sepsis.","authors":"Radha Pandey, Varsha Gupta, Suksham Jain, Neelam Gulati","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neonatal sepsis continues to be a leading cause of mortality among the NICU admitted neonates. The most common causative organisms have been proven to be hospital-acquired organisms.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>This study was planned with aim of understanding the pathological colonization of neonatal skin and associated risk factors as well as finding a possible correlation between blood culture isolates and neonatal skin colonizers and their antimicrobial resistance patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Northern India from January 2021 to June 2022. The study participants were 50 pre-term neonates and 50 term neonates, who were born in our hospital and subsequently admitted to the NICU. Skin swabs, taken from 5 body sites within 24 hours of birth and at discharge, were cultured for isolation of pathological bacteria. Neonates were followed-up during their hospital stay for observing any occurrence of blood culture positive sepsis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 100 neonates, 31 pre-term and 28 term neonates were colonized within 24 hours of birth while almost all were colonized by discharge. Posterior auricular fossa was the most colonized site. Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (n=195) and Escherichia coli (n=51) were the most common isolates. Risk factors found to be significantly associated with colonization were low birth weight (<2500g), premature rupture of membranes (PROM), invasive mechanical ventilation and positive urine and vaginal cultures of mothers. Neonates with culture positive sepsis also had colonization with MDROs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neonatal skin colonization and their antimicrobial resistance rates increased over the course of hospital stay, having a possible contribution towards culture positive sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"100782"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ralstonia pickettii bacteremia: A retrospective review of records.","authors":"Anjely Sebastian, Nitin Gupta, Barnini Banerjee, K E Vandana, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Tirlangi Praveen Kumar, Muralidhar Varma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ralstonia pickettii is a non-fermenting gram-negative bacillus rarely associated with hospital-acquired infections. The study aimed to characterise the clinical profile and outcomes of R. pickettii bacteremia cases.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records to collect the details of the clinical profile and outcomes of patients with R. pickettii bacteremia between March and November 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-four patients were found to have Ralstonia pickettii bacteremia between March and May 2021. The cases were distributed across the hospital. All isolates were found to have similar antimicrobial susceptibility. The same organism with similar susceptibility was found to be in distilled water used to prepare in-house disinfectant and antiseptic agents. Commercial preparations replaced in-house solutions all over the hospital as a corrective measure. The distilled water tank was renovated, and repeat samples were found to be satisfactory. There were no further reports of Ralstonia pickettii between May and November 2021.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We report this to highlight the possibility of infection with this rare pathogen and to increase awareness of the importance of appropriate infection control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"100786"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of Vibrio pelagius in a child with inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Akhila R Mohan, Priya Sree Balaji, Nayannika Lakra, Ramya Srinivasa Rangan, Tamil Selvan, Jharna Mandal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe a rare case of an eleven-year-old child with undiagnosed underlying Crohn's disease who contracted Vibrio pelagius. Though the exact source remained undetermined, the child may have acquired it through infected sea food. Automated system failed to exactly identify the isolated organism; we used detailed biochemical tests for identification. Early diagnosis and identification allowed for efficient treatment plan and the clinical improvement of the child. This case report will give insight to clinical microbiologists for identifying such uncommon bacteria by using biochemical assays in addition to automated systems especially, in those with underlying bowel illnesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"100783"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Audit for antifungal treatment usage in adults with invasive fungal infection: A prospective observational study.","authors":"Ankesh Gupta, Immaculata Xess, Manish Soneja, Vishakh C Keri, Kapil Sikka, Vijaydeep Siddharth, Janya Sachdev, R M Pandey, Arvind Kumar, Naveet Wig, Gagandeep Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The antifungal audit aimed to evaluate antifungal usage in a tertiary care center. It focused on patient profiles, the appropriateness of antifungal use, associated adverse drug reactions, reasons for suboptimal usage, and the economic burden caused by prolonged non-optimal antifungal use.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India from January 2019 to December 2020, the study evaluated systemic antifungal use in 100 hospitalized adults with invasive fungal infections. Data collected included patient characteristics, evidence of disease, antifungal agents used, drug ADRs, appropriateness, and economic impact. Antifungal use was assessed using a predefined score (score <10 considered non-optimal), and ideal therapy duration was calculated based on treatment guidelines (IDSA & ECIL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Optimal antifungal use was observed in 66.0 % of cases. Common reasons for non-optimal use included alternate drug selection (18 %), inappropriate dosage (12 %), lack of adjustment after microbiological results (14 %), and incorrect therapy duration (16 %). Targeted antifungal therapy was observed in 39 out of 100 patients, while pre-emptive antifungal therapy was used in 32 out of 100 patients. Voriconazole (35.1 %), caspofungin (23.1 %), and liposomal amphotericin B (20.1 %) were commonly prescribed. Liposomal amphotericin B had the highest adverse reaction rate (81.4 %). The total cost of antifungal therapy for 100 patients was ₹67,06,840 (approximately 80,350 $), with non-optimal prolonged therapy leading to an additional economic burden of ₹1,149,191 (approximately 13,841 $). Overall, 748 (39.7 %) day of therapy were non-optimal, contributing to 17.1 % of the total cost of antifungal therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed non-optimal use of antifungal agents in 34 % of the study participants. The study results show that the antifungal audit enhances stewardship by pinpointing causes of non-optimal use, ensuring adherence to prescribing standards, optimizing clinical outcomes, and minimizing drug-related toxicities in tertiary care centres.</p>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"100784"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae among children hospitalized in a tertiary hospital with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections.","authors":"Surinder Kumar, Sanjeev R Saigal, Sourabh Kumar, G R Sethi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In this prospective study incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection was investigated in children with community-aquired lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) using methods such as serology, nested PCR (polymerase chain reaction), and multiplex PCR analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>M. pneumoniae infection was investigated among 200 children with LRTIs, ages 2 months to 12 years,. Blood samples were taken for M. pneumoniae antibodies both during admission and four to six weeks following enrollment. Nested and multiplex PCR analysis was performed to identify M. pneumoniae from nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Infection due to M. pneumoniae was noted in 29 children (74.35 %) < 5 years of age and in 10 children (25.65 %) aged ≥5 years. The relationship between M. pneumoniae and age was statistically significant in the age group of children under five years [P = 0.004]. No statistically significant difference was seen between male and female children [P = 0.91]. Clinical and radiological results and M pneumoniae infection did not demonstrate any statistically significant correlation with the exception of the presence of statistically significant infiltrates (P = 0.04). In 39 (19.5 %) children, M. pneumoniae was found using a combination of multiplex PCR, nested PCR, and serology. Serology sensitivity was 66.67 %, specificity was 88.56 %, positive and negative predictive values were 36.36 % and 96.41 %, respectively, when using nested PCR as the diagnostic criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, our research established the critical role of M. pneumoniae infection in community-acquired LRTIs in children particularly in children under five years. There was an association between wheezing and acute M. pneumoniae infection. Multiplex PCR, nested PCR, and serology are used in conjunction to help diagnose M. pneumoniae infection in children with community-acquired LRTIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"100781"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR-Cas-assisted phage engineering for personalized antibacterial treatments.","authors":"Naveen Chaudhary, Kritika Sharma, Harpreet Kaur, Surender Prajapati, Balvinder Mohan, Neelam Taneja","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the age of modern medicine, CRISPR-Cas system-aided phage engineering has emerged as a major game changer for developing personalized antibacterial treatments. Modifying genomic DNA at a specific location leads to the inactivation of target genes, the acquisition of novel genetic features, and the correction of lethal gene mutations. Phages can be modified to precisely detect and control bacteria because of the vast possibilities of CRISPR-Cas-based genetic engineering.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary objective of this review is to explore the basic principles, mechanisms, limitations, and perspectives of CRISPR-Cas system-aided phage engineering in producing tailored antibacterial therapeutics. Furthermore, this study will address how editing phage genomes using CRISPR-Cas technology allows for precise bacteria targeting, broadening phage host range, and improving infection control tactics.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>The arrival of the CRISPR-Cas system has transformed the field of phage engineering and aided in the precise modification of phagе genomes to broaden the phage host range. This novel strategy uses the accuracy of the CRISPR-Cas system to design engineered bacteriophages, giving targeted options for infection control. These recent advancements have the potential to alter the era of modern medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"100771"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital gangrene without sclerodactyly in the presence of anticentromere antibodies: A unique presentation of scleroderma.","authors":"Urvashi Suman, Lata Sheoran, Vikas Manchanda, Sonal Saxena","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripheral vascular disorders associated with anti-centromere antibody (ACA) present generally with sclerodactyly in connective tissue disorders (CTD). It is unusual for ACA-associated digital necrosis to develop without preexisting raynaud's phenomena or vascular risk factors. We report a novel case of a 60-year-old non-smoker, non-diabetic woman with ACA and isolated finger necrosis without any other features of CTD. This case underscores the importance of considering an autoimmune contribution to the development of digital necrosis even without any identifiable CTD. It highlights the need to consider ACA-associated digital gangrene to be considered as a distinct entity of an autoimmune disorder from scleroderma.</p>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"100769"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of ig Mycoplasma pneumoniae-DNA, high-density lipoprotein, natural killer cell, and platelet levels for diagnosing severe M. pneumoniae pneumonia in children.","authors":"Zhang Kai-Jing, Zhao Xin-Feng, Lv Xiaojuan, Huang Xiao-Hui","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to assess the predictive value of Ig Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-DNA, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), natural killer (NK) cell, and platelet (PLT) levels for the diagnosis of severe MP pneumonia (SMPP) in children with MP pneumonia (MPP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children with MPP admitted to our hospital from August 2022 to February 2024 were selected and assigned to the non-SMPP (NSMPP) and SMPP groups according to whether they had severe pneumonia. The following parameters were analyzed and compared between the two groups by the rank-sum test: age; Ig MP-DNA level; white blood cell, neutrophil (N), and monocyte counts; platelet (PLT), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein, and procalcitonin levels; and levels of T cells, CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, B cells, and NK cells. The chi-square test was used to analyze differences in these variables between genders. One-way analysis of variance was used to select significant variables (P < 0.1) from the abovementioned ones, and the selected variables were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance to detect independent risk factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) value were determined for the independent risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two groups showed significant differences in the levels of Ig MP-DNA, N, PLT, CRP, LDH, HDL, CD8⁺ T cells, and NK cells. PLT and Ig MP-DNA levels were positively correlated with the risk of SMPP development; however, HDL and NK levels showed a negative correlation. The AUC values for Ig MP-DNA + HDL, Ig MP-DNA + NK, Ig MP-DNA + PLT, NK + HDL, NK + PLT, and PLT + HDL were 0.825, 0.812, 0.813, 0.724, 0.717, and 0.701, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of variables, including Ig MP-DNA + HDL, Ig MP-DNA + NK, and Ig MP-DNA + PLT, can predict whether MPP children would develop SMPP.</p>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"100770"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}