Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Pseudoparalysis paradox: Think of ‘SCORTCH’","authors":"Harit Prasad ,&nbsp;Chinmay Chetan ,&nbsp;Saikat Patra ,&nbsp;Shoham Majumder ,&nbsp;Girish Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is recent resurgence in incidence of congenital syphilis (CS) in developing and developed countries. Diagnosis of CS can be difficult because approximately two-thirds infants affected are asymptomatic at birth. Pseudoparalysis due to bony pain is often not a sign but symptom, obvious not only to healthcare providers but also parents. We report a case of CS, observed to have excessive crying episodes on handling with no obvious changes on radiograph. Evaluation with ‘SCORTCH’ profile clinched the diagnosis. Neonate was treated with ceftriaxone due to non-availability of crystalline or procaine penicillin with good outcome at 1year of age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146092916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urine as a non-invasive alternative for HPV DNA detection: A comparative study with cervical swabs in Northeast India","authors":"Biswajyoti Borkakoty ,&nbsp;Nargis K. Bali ,&nbsp;Munmun Gohain ,&nbsp;Mousumi Dutta ,&nbsp;Sobnom Gogoi ,&nbsp;Pesona Grace Lucksom ,&nbsp;Jaharlal Baidya ,&nbsp;Tapan Mazumdar ,&nbsp;Catherine Manguri ,&nbsp;Basumoti Apum ,&nbsp;Paresh Shyam ,&nbsp;Harpreet Kaur","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assessed urine as a non-invasive alternative to cervical swabs for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection using nested PCR in 350 paired samples from women across five Northeastern Indian states. HPV DNA was found in 27.4% of urine and 38.3% of cervical swabs, with 21.1% concordant positives. Urine identified 22 additional positives missed by swabs, while 60 were swab-only. Using cervical swabs as the reference, urine showed 55.2% sensitivity, 89.8% specificity, and moderate concordance (κ = 0.48). Despite modest sensitivity, urine sampling may serve as a feasible, culturally acceptable adjunct for HPV screening in under-screened populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101081"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147276155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking antimicrobial resistance in typhoidal Salmonella, 2020-2024: Output from an antimicrobial resistance surveillance network in New Delhi, India","authors":"Saxena Sonal ,&nbsp;Aggarwal Prabhav ,&nbsp;Saxena Arpita ,&nbsp;Andrews A. Amala ,&nbsp;Anugula Amritha ,&nbsp;Sharma Anuj","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Enteric fever remains a major health problem in India. Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is essential to guide therapy and control emerging threats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study aims at analysing the data of <em>Salmonella</em> isolates reported in Delhi NCR over past five years (2020-24). The study has data from 24 laboratories participating in the antimicrobial resistance surveillance network of Delhi. The identification of pathogen and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed in each lab using standard methods and the data was compiled and collated using WHONET software and shared to the network on a monthly basis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 10,689 isolates were analysed: 8371 (78.3%) <em>S. Typhi</em>; 2295 (21.5%) <em>S. Paratyphi</em> A; and 23 (0.2%) <em>S. Paratyphi</em> B. Annual isolates rose from 522 (during 2020) to 3679 (during 2024). Children aged 1–12 years accounted for 46% of cases. Over 5 years period, among <em>S. Typhi</em>, resistance declined for ampicillin (9.6% to 4.1%) and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (8.7% to 3.5%).Chloramphenicol resistance remained ≤5.3%, however, ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility persisted (≈48–60%). Ceftriaxone resistance was rare (3 isolates). Multidrug resistance fell to 1% by 2024. <em>S. Paratyphi</em> A showed similar but generally lower resistance to first-line drugs, yet higher fluoroquinolone resistance (88–98%). No isolate was confirmed by nodal centre as being resistant to azithromycin or carbapenems.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Susceptibility to traditional first-line agents is improving, and multidrug resistance is low; however, fluoroquinolone resistance remains high. Ongoing AMR surveillance and prudent antibiotic use are essential to sustain treatment efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101074"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146124808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping cervical microbiome diversity and inflammatory milieu and its perturbation in asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis and Candida infections: Insights from a community clinic in Mumbai","authors":"Deepti Tandon ,&nbsp;Jyoti Suresh Batgire ,&nbsp;Zabiya Bharmal ,&nbsp;Kalyani Karandikar ,&nbsp;Anushree D. Patil ,&nbsp;Kiran Munne ,&nbsp;Clara Aranha ,&nbsp;Vikrant M. Bhor","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The interplay between the local microbiome and inflammatory environment is crucial in modulating the immune response. This research addresses the paucity of studies in the Indian context by mapping the cervical microbiome and associated inflammatory milieu in 43 apparently healthy women and <strong>evaluating its perturbations with various asymptomatic vaginal infections.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cervical microbiome was mapped for forty three participants, aged 18-45, who were enrolled <strong>from a community clinic</strong> as a part of longitudinal contraceptive study from October 2021 to September 2023. Sociodemographic data, clinical history, and cervical and cervicovaginal lavage specimens were collected. Microbiome analysis involved nanopore sequencing of the <strong>entire</strong> 16S rRNA region amplicon, while cytokine assessment in cervicovaginal lavage specimens utilized multiplex immunoassays.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria appeared as dominant phyla with 32.55% having asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis (BV),16.27% asymptomatic Candida, and 13.95% coinfections. The cervical microbiome was dominated by <em>Lactobacillus iners</em> (45.69%), followed by <em>Lactobacillus helveticus</em> (6.53%) and <em>Lactobacillus reuteri</em> (5.86%). Women with BV exhibited an increased abundance of Prevotella and Streptococcus, while Candida infections were associated with elevated Atopobium and Collinsella species. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8) showed variable levels, <strong>with Lactobacillus</strong> positively correlating with the <strong>regulatory</strong> cytokine <strong>TNF-α</strong> in <strong>in Candida infections</strong>. <strong>In BV Lactobacillus species such as L. agilus, L.iners and <em>L. salivarius</em> showed positive correlation with TNF-α</strong>. Additionally, <em>Lactobacillus manihotivorans</em> <strong>was</strong> negatively associated with IL-1β, while <em>Lactobacillus brevis</em> and <em>Lactobacillus</em> <strong><em>zeae</em></strong> showed negative correlations with IL-8.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study maps the cervical microbiome and cytokine profile of healthy Indian women and demonstrates that asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis and Candida infections induces variations, highlighting the complex host–microbe interactions that govern vaginal health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146131742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plazomicin activity against carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli: A brief report","authors":"Priti Kambli ,&nbsp;Shaoli Basu ,&nbsp;Susan Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Patricia J. Simner ,&nbsp;Matthew L. Robinson ,&nbsp;Jennifer Lu ,&nbsp;Camilla Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbapenem-resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em> (CR-<em>E. coli</em>) pose major therapeutic challenges. We evaluated the activity of plazomicin against 52 CR-<em>E.coli</em> isolates from a Mumbai tertiary hospital. Plazomicin demonstrated potent activity (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] 0.19-2 mg/L) against isolates, including those harboring NDM or OXA-48-like carbapenemases, with or without aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs). In contrast, isolates carrying 16S rRNA methyltransferases (RMTs) (e.g., <em>rmtB1</em>, <em>rmtC</em>, <em>rmtF1</em>) exhibited high-level resistance (MICs of ≥256 μg/mL). These findings not only highlight the advantage of plazomicin in AME-positive, RMT-negative strains, but also warn about the threat of emerging 16S RMT-mediated resistance that limit its clinical utility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101078"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melioidosis in sickle cell hemoglobinopathies in eastern India: Cavitating pneumonia and immune susceptibility – a case series-based insight","authors":"Prasanta Raghab Mohapatra ,&nbsp;Aneri Parekh ,&nbsp;Bijayini Behera ,&nbsp;Siddarth Singh ,&nbsp;Supantha De","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melioidosis, caused by <em>Burkholderia pseudomallei</em>, is an emerging infection in the tropics. Most of the melioidosis patients have underlying co-morbidities or occupational exposures. Hemoglobinopathies, such as thalassemia, are established risk factors for melioidosis; however, the association of SCD with melioidosis is infrequently reported. We report two culture-confirmed melioidosis cases from eastern India: a 58-year-old male with SCD on hydroxyurea and another 44-year-old with sickle cell trait, both presenting with cavitary lung lesions mimicking tuberculosis. SCD-related functional asplenia may heighten susceptibility. These cases emphasise the need for clinical vigilance in endemic areas and further research into SCD/SCT-associated immune vulnerabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101075"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146131710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aims and Scope","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0255-0857(26)00048-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0255-0857(26)00048-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101090"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147538413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncommon non-fermentative gram-negative superbugs - A surge in bacteraemia patients at an apex super speciality hospital","authors":"Munaza Aman,&nbsp;Insha Altaf,&nbsp;Bashir A. Fomda,&nbsp;Shagufta Roohi,&nbsp;Anjum Mir,&nbsp;Sehar Tariq,&nbsp;Uksim Qadri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Gram negative bacteria are most common cause of bacteraemia, with one fourth being attributed to non-fermentive Gram negative bacteria (NFGNB). Contribution of NFGNB to antimicrobial resistance burden is also high. Commonly isolated NFGNB <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> have been well studied however there is paucity of data of uncommon species including, <em>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia spp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis</em> in our region. This study was thus designed to explore implication of antimicrobial resistance and associated determinants for the surge of such organisms.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of NFGNB isolates, recovered from flag positive blood culture bottles on BacT/ALERT3D system, identified by VITEK 2 compact system, over a period of one year at the department of Microbiology and risk factors associated with upsurge of common and uncommon NFGNB were also compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 133 NFGNB isolates were recovered from bacteraemia patients. Among common NFGNB, <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (34.6 %) was commonest followed by <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (15 %). While among uncommon NFGNB <em>Acinetobacter non baumannii spp.</em> of <em>Acinetobacter baumannii complex</em> were most prevalent (15 %) followed by <em>Burkholderia cepacia complex</em> (10.5 %) and <em>Sphingomonas paucimobilis</em> (8.2 %). Eighty percent of isolates were MDR and association of uncommon NFGNB surge was observed to be associated with risk factors like hospital acquired infection, recent broad spectrum antimicrobial exposure, primary bacteraemia and catheter related infection <em>(p &lt; 0.05).</em></div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Bacteraemia due to MDR NFGNB is an alarming therapeutic management challenge as empirical treatment is not effective especially for uncommon NFGNB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101046"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145951817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking the myth of contamination: Early identification of MDR Corynebacterium striatum using MALDI-TOF in a neutropenic patient","authors":"Haripriya Bansal (Dr) ,&nbsp;Vivek Hada (Dr) ,&nbsp;Parmod Kumar (Dr) ,&nbsp;Anirban Kumir (Dr) ,&nbsp;Adarsh Patil (Dr) ,&nbsp;Vibhor Tak (Dr) ,&nbsp;Kumar Abhishek (Dr) ,&nbsp;Kuntal Kumar Sinha (Dr)","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Corynebacterium striatum</em> is a gram-positive curved bacilli included in “diphtheroids”. It is now being reported as a significant multidrug resistant nosocomial pathogen in immunocompromised patients. We describe a case of Catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by <em>Corynebacterium striatum</em> in an 86-year-old patient suffering from Acute Myeloid leukaemia. Rapid MALDI-TOF MS based identification of paired blood culture isolates confirmed true CRBSI. Prompt catheter removal and vancomycin therapy led to recovery. This case underscores the significance of MDR <em>Corynebacterium striatum</em> in oncology settings. It further emphasizes the need to identify and test for antimicrobial susceptibility of diphtheroids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101077"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular profiling of virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance in MRSA isolates from HIV-infected and non-HIV individuals","authors":"Marimuthu Ragavan Rameshkumar ,&nbsp;Ramachandran Vignesh ,&nbsp;Pachamuthu Balakrishnan ,&nbsp;Narasingam Arunagirinathan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> is an important pathogen exhibiting antibiotic resistance and multiple virulence factors. This study analyses the antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> isolates from HIV and non-HIV patients from southern India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>S. aureus</em> strains from HIV (n = 125) and non-HIV (n = 100) patients were isolated using conventional bacterial culture techniques. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were analysed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Methicillin resistance was detected in 88.8 % and 34 % of the <em>S. aureus</em> isolates from HIV and non-HIV patients, respectively, and all tested positive for the <em>mecA</em> gene. SCC<em>mec</em> type V was the most frequently detected SCC<em>mec</em> cassette in MRSA from both HIV (55.2%) and non-HIV patients (44.4 %). MRSA isolates from HIV patients were 98.2 % positive for the penicillin resistance gene <em>blaZ</em>, followed by the aminoglycoside resistance genes <em>aacA-aphD</em> (82 %), <em>aac(6′)/aph(2″)</em> (75.7 %) and <em>aph(3″)-IIIa</em> (51.4 %), the tetracycline resistance genes <em>tet(K)</em> (42.3 %) and <em>tet(M)</em> (13.5 %) and the erythromycin resistance genes <em>erm(C)</em> (55 %). Among the non-HIV-infected MRSA strains, 73.5 % were positive for <em>blaZ</em>, followed by <em>aac</em><em>(6’)/aph(2″)</em> (50 %)<em>, aacA-aphD</em> (47.1 %)<em>, aph(3”)-IIIa</em> (23.5 %)<em>,</em> and <em>erm(C)</em> (29.4 %)<em>.</em> The <em>seb</em> (7.2 %), <em>sea</em> (5.4 %), <em>seb</em> and <em>sed</em> (2.7 %), exfoliative toxin gene <em>eta</em> (3.6 %) and toxic shock syndrome toxin gene <em>tst</em> (8.1 %) were detected among MRSA from HIV patients, and the <em>sea</em> (5.9 %), <em>sec</em> (5.9 %), <em>eta</em> (5.9 %) and <em>tst</em> (8.8 %) were found among MRSA from non-HIV patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>HIV patients are at a relatively greater risk of acquiring virulent and multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> infections than non-HIV patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101064"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146043976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}