Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Rare detection of Hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis: First report from central India","authors":"Rajeev Kumar Jain,&nbsp;Sourabh Jain,&nbsp;Shailendra Kumar Jain,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar Shrivastava,&nbsp;Swati Jain,&nbsp;Deepti Chaurasia,&nbsp;Nagaraj Perumal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 (GT4) is exceptionally rare in central India. We report the first molecularly confirmed case of HCV GT4a in a 26-year-old severely malnourished male (body weight 39 kg) presenting with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Madhya Pradesh. Following the detection of active viremia (1.1 × 10⁵ IU/mL), Sanger sequencing of the Core region and nucleotide homology analysis definitively confirmed genotype 4a. Despite compounding hepatotoxic risks from severe cachexia and viral co-infection, no hyperacute or immediate acute hepatic injury was observed during the initial 6-day inpatient stabilization phase of standard first-line anti-tubercular therapy, with transaminases remaining strictly within normal limits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding moxifloxacin resistance in pre-XDR tuberculosis using MGIT 960 and MYCOTB AST","authors":"Daniel Raj D,&nbsp;Anand Kumar Maurya,&nbsp;Shashank Purwar,&nbsp;Sagar Khadanga,&nbsp;Jitendra Singh,&nbsp;Alkesh Kumar Khurana,&nbsp;Sowmya Dhawan,&nbsp;Debasis Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Treatment of moxifloxacin-resistant tuberculosis is complicated by heteroresistance, high resistance prevalence, genotype-phenotype discordance, pharmacokinetic antagonism, and the need for individualised regimen design. Reliable minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)-based drug susceptibility testing (DST) is therefore essential for optimised therapy. This study aimed to compare moxifloxacin MICs in pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis isolates using the BACTEC MGIT 960 as the reference method and Sensititre MYCOTB AST plate as the index test.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The prospective laboratory-based comparative study collected leftover routine patient samples, processed them for culture, and retrieved the isolates from BACTEC MGIT tubes that showed second-line drug resistance by line probe assay (LPA), and subsequently included them at the tertiary care centre in central India from July 2025 to February 2026. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria and samples with insufficient information were neglected. Eligible isolates were tested using MGIT 960 and Sensititre MYCOTB AST with blinded interpretation. Diagnostic accuracy and agreement were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 9369 samples screened,30 pre-XDR tuberculosis isolates met the inclusion criteria. For moxifloxacin DST, Sensititre MYCOTB AST demonstrated 100% sensitivity, 66.7% specificity, 96.75% overall accuracy, and substantial agreement with MGIT 960 (Cohen's kappa 0.783). The index test also provided quantitative MIC ranges, shorter turnaround time, low resource requirements, and a simplified workflow.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Good concordance for moxifloxacin DST was observed between the methods. Its potential value in regular DST and MIC-guided management of pre-XDR-TB is supported by its operational simplicity and ability to capture MIC variability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obituary for Prof Shriniwas","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101231","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148776511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do anaerobic bottles add value? A comparative study of blood culture bottle combinations in a tertiary care centre","authors":"A. Benedict Vinothini,&nbsp;S. Mythilipraba,&nbsp;Stessy Ann Punnen,&nbsp;Apurba S. Sastry","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bloodstream infections (BSIs) require rapid identification and susceptibility testing to guide timely antimicrobial therapy. Although paired aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles are routinely used, the incremental benefit of anaerobic bottles in settings with low anaerobic bacteremia prevalence remains uncertain. This study compared paired aerobic bottles with paired aerobic anaerobic bottle combinations in terms of pathogen isolation rate, time-to-positivity (TTP), and contaminant recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This 12-month descriptive study included 1009 adult inpatients with suspected sepsis. For each patient, 30 mL blood was collected: 20 mL from a single venipuncture site/central line inoculated equally into one aerobic and one anaerobic bottle, and 10 mL from another site inoculated into an additional aerobic bottle. Bottles were incubated in the bioMérieux BacT/Alert Virtuo system for up to five days. Positive bottles were processed, and organisms were identified using MALDI-TOF MS. Analysis compared aerobic–anaerobic pairs with aerobic pairs with one aerobic bottle common for each pair. Isolation rates were analysed using McNemar's chi-square test, and mean TTP using paired <em>t</em>-test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 3027 bottles were analysed. Pathogen isolation rates were similar between aerobic pair (11.49%) and aerobic–anaerobic pairs (10.8%) (P = 0.621). Mean TTP did not differ significantly (14.7 h vs. 14.84 h; P = 0.927). Recovery rates and TTP for Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, Enterobacterales, non-fermenters, and <em>Candida species</em> were comparable across both combinations. Obligate anaerobes were rarely isolated (0.2%) and were detected only in anaerobic bottles. Contaminant isolation was significantly lower in aerobic–anaerobic pairs (5.15% vs. 7.73%; P = 0.0184), although contaminant TTP was similar.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Aerobic pair and aerobic–anaerobic pair demonstrated comparable diagnostic yield and TTP for clinically significant pathogens. In low-prevalence settings, selective rather than routine use of anaerobic bottles may represent a more resource-efficient strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Mycoplasma pneumoniae among children hospitalized in a tertiary hospital with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections” [Indian J Med Microbiol 53 (2025) 100781]","authors":"Surinder Kumar,&nbsp;Sanjeev R. Saigal,&nbsp;Sourabh Kumar,&nbsp;G.R. Sethi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101097","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101097"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147498638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aims and Scope","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0255-0857(26)00149-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0255-0857(26)00149-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148776513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aims and Scope","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0255-0857(26)00098-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0255-0857(26)00098-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148241520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing leprosy through laboratory lens: Spatial insights from a tertiary care Hospital, Hyderabad","authors":"S. Avinash ,&nbsp;K. Rajesh Kanna ,&nbsp;Sree Ranjani ,&nbsp;S. Raja ,&nbsp;Deepthi Konda ,&nbsp;S.M. Rudresh ,&nbsp;Rahul Narang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leprosy continues to be reported in India despite ongoing control efforts. We conducted a two-year retrospective study (May 2023–2025) at a tertiary-care microbiology laboratory in Hyderabad, India, to describe laboratory-confirmed cases of leprosy. Samples from clinically suspected cases were examined using Modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining, and only smear-positive cases were included. Demographic details, treatment follow-up status, and district of residence were reviewed, and spatial distribution was visualized using spot mapping of 93 samples processed, 24 were smear-positive. The distribution of cases reflected the hospital's service area. Routine laboratory data can support local leprosy surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal infections in diabetes mellitus","authors":"Harsimran Kaur ,&nbsp;Parakriti Gupta ,&nbsp;Manpreet Dhaliwal ,&nbsp;Arunaloke Chakrabarti","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Diabetes mellitus is recognised as a global health problem and has increasingly been associated with fungal infections, as an independent risk factor. Diabetic patients are predisposed to both superficial as well as invasive fungal disease, and account for substantial morbidity and mortality. Recent pandemic of COVID-19 underlined the global problem of mucormycosis, however, the burden of fungal infections among diabetics has a much broader horizon. This review aims to summarise the spectrum of fungal infections encountered among diabetic patients, along with elucidating immunopathogenesis and clinical challenges encountered in diagnosis and management of such infections.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a narrative review of all published literature focusing on spectrum of fungal infections, immunopathogenesis and clinical challenges encountered in diagnosis and management, among diabetic patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Diabetes mellitus facilitates the acquisition and progression of fungal infections via multiple coordinated mechanisms viz. hyperglycemia, impaired immune (innate and adaptive) response, altered microenvironment and endothelial dysfunction. These changes in the milieu contribute to pervasive clinical presentations, ranging from cutaneous and oral candidiasis to invasive fungal diseases like mucormycosis, aspergillosis and cryptococcosis. Besides predisposing to fungal infections, diabetes also serves as a prognostic factor and has been noted to worsen the outcome. Furthermore, the altered microenvironment affects the pharmacokinetics of antifungal drugs and can also reduce the efficacy of antifungal regime, further convoluting and worsening the progression of disease.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Early diagnosis and management of fungal infections is necessary to mitigate the associated morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. A multidisciplinary approach is imperative as diabetes hampers the effectiveness of conventional antifungal regimens and facilitates antifungal resistance. Regular monitoring of glycaemic index and compliance for drugs, along with lifestyle modifications desired for optimal levels, is pre-requisite for antifungal therapy to exhibit desired action.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual colony morphology of Burkholderia pseudomallei leading to initial diagnostic dilemma","authors":"Noureen Thacharakavil Variyath,&nbsp;Srujana Mohanty,&nbsp;Rana Pratap Dutta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Burkholderia pseudomallei</em>, an environmental Gram-negative saprophyte is the causative agent of melioidosis, a potentially fatal yet treatable clinical entity. We report an unusual colony morphology of the organism to minimize misidentification and enable accurate diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}