Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"CRISPR-Cas-assisted phage engineering for personalized antibacterial treatments","authors":"Naveen Chaudhary,&nbsp;Kritika Sharma,&nbsp;Harpreet kaur,&nbsp;Surender Prajapati,&nbsp;Balvinder Mohan,&nbsp;Neelam Taneja","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In the age of modern medicine, CRISPR-Cas system-aided phage engineering has emerged as a major game changer for developing personalized antibacterial treatments. Modifying genomic DNA at a specific location leads to the inactivation of target genes, the acquisition of novel genetic features, and the correction of lethal gene mutations. Phages can be modified to precisely detect and control bacteria because of the vast possibilities of CRISPR-Cas-based genetic engineering.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The primary objective of this review is to explore the basic principles, mechanisms, limitations, and perspectives of CRISPR-Cas system-aided phage engineering in producing tailored antibacterial therapeutics. Furthermore, this study will address how editing phage genomes using CRISPR-Cas technology allows for precise bacteria targeting, broadening phage host range, and improving infection control tactics.</div></div><div><h3>Content</h3><div>The arrival of the CRISPR-Cas system has transformed the field of phage engineering and aided in the precise modification of phagе genomes to broaden the phage host range. This novel strategy uses the accuracy of the CRISPR-Cas system to design engineered bacteriophages, giving targeted options for infection control. These recent advancements have the potential to alter the era of modern medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100771"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Audit for antifungal treatment usage in adults with invasive fungal infection: A prospective observational study","authors":"Ankesh Gupta ,&nbsp;Immaculata Xess ,&nbsp;Manish Soneja ,&nbsp;Vishakh C Keri ,&nbsp;Kapil Sikka ,&nbsp;Vijaydeep Siddharth ,&nbsp;Janya Sachdev ,&nbsp;R.M. Pandey ,&nbsp;Arvind Kumar ,&nbsp;Naveet Wig ,&nbsp;Gagandeep Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The antifungal audit aimed to evaluate antifungal usage in a tertiary care center. It focused on patient profiles, the appropriateness of antifungal use, associated adverse drug reactions, reasons for suboptimal usage, and the economic burden caused by prolonged non-optimal antifungal use.</div></div><div><h3>Method<em>ology</em></h3><div>Conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India from January 2019 to December 2020, the study evaluated systemic antifungal use in 100 hospitalized adults with invasive fungal infections. Data collected included patient characteristics, evidence of disease, antifungal agents used, drug ADRs, appropriateness, and economic impact. Antifungal use was assessed using a predefined score (score &lt;10 considered non-optimal), and ideal therapy duration was calculated based on treatment guidelines (IDSA &amp; ECIL).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Optimal antifungal use was observed in 66.0 % of cases. Common reasons for non-optimal use included alternate drug selection (18 %), inappropriate dosage (12 %), lack of adjustment after microbiological results (14 %), and incorrect therapy duration (16 %). Targeted antifungal therapy was observed in 39 out of 100 patients, while pre-emptive antifungal therapy was used in 32 out of 100 patients. Voriconazole (35.1 %), caspofungin (23.1 %), and liposomal amphotericin B (20.1 %) were commonly prescribed. Liposomal amphotericin B had the highest adverse reaction rate (81.4 %). The total cost of antifungal therapy for 100 patients was ₹67,06,840 (approximately 80,350 $), with non-optimal prolonged therapy leading to an additional economic burden of ₹1,149,191 (approximately 13,841 $). Overall, 748 (39.7 %) day of therapy were non-optimal, contributing to 17.1 % of the total cost of antifungal therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We observed non-optimal use of antifungal agents in 34 % of the study participants. The study results show that the antifungal audit enhances stewardship by pinpointing causes of non-optimal use, ensuring adherence to prescribing standards, optimizing clinical outcomes, and minimizing drug-related toxicities in tertiary care centres.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100784"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital gangrene without sclerodactyly in the presence of anticentromere antibodies: A unique presentation of scleroderma","authors":"Urvashi Suman,&nbsp;Lata Sheoran,&nbsp;Vikas Manchanda,&nbsp;Sonal Saxena","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peripheral vascular disorders associated with anti-centromere antibody (ACA) present generally with sclerodactyly in connective tissue disorders (CTD). It is unusual for ACA-associated digital necrosis to develop without preexisting raynaud's phenomena or vascular risk factors. We report a novel case of a 60-year-old non-smoker, non-diabetic woman with ACA and isolated finger necrosis without any other features of CTD. This case underscores the importance of considering an autoimmune contribution to the development of digital necrosis even without any identifiable CTD. It highlights the need to consider ACA-associated digital gangrene to be considered as a distinct entity of an autoimmune disorder from scleroderma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100769"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: Incidental Pulmonary Hydatidosis masquerading as Constitutional Symptoms","authors":"Debasish Biswal ,&nbsp;Suchitra Shenoy M ,&nbsp;Bergin C ,&nbsp;Udaya Sureshkumar ,&nbsp;Vishak Acharya K ,&nbsp;Madhav Kamath M ,&nbsp;Shrikala Baliga","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydatid disease, caused by <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em>, remains a significant health concern in endemic regions. This case report aims to highlight the diagnostic challenges of pulmonary hydatid cysts in non-endemic areas, presenting a unique case of an incidental pulmonary hydatid cyst in a 31-year-old lactating female discovered during evaluation of non-specific constitutional symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100792"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143038228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae among children hospitalized in a tertiary hospital with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections","authors":"Surinder Kumar ,&nbsp;Sanjeev R. Saigal ,&nbsp;Sourabh Kumar ,&nbsp;G.R. Sethi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>In this prospective study incidence of <em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</em> (<em>M. pneumoniae</em>) infection was investigated in children with community-aquired lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) using methods such as serology, nested PCR (polymerase chain reaction), and multiplex PCR analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>M. pneumoniae</em> infection was investigated among 200 children with LRTIs, ages 2 months to 12 years,. Blood samples were taken for <em>M. pneumoniae</em> antibodies both during admission and four to six weeks following enrollment. Nested and multiplex PCR analysis was performed to identify <em>M. pneumoniae</em> from nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Infection due to <em>M. pneumoniae</em> was noted in 29 children (74.35 %) &lt; 5 years of age and in 10 children (25.65 %) aged ≥5 years. The relationship between <em>M. pneumoniae</em> and age was statistically significant in the age group of children under five years [<em>P</em> = 0.004]. No statistically significant difference was seen between male and female children [<em>P</em> = 0.91]. Clinical and radiological results and <em>M pneumoniae</em> infection did not demonstrate any statistically significant correlation with the exception of the presence of statistically significant infiltrates (<em>P</em> = 0.04). In 39 (19.5 %) children, <em>M. pneumoniae</em> was found using a combination of multiplex PCR, nested PCR, and serology. Serology sensitivity was 66.67 %, specificity was 88.56 %, positive and negative predictive values were 36.36 % and 96.41 %, respectively, when using nested PCR as the diagnostic criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In summary, our research established the critical role of <em>M. pneumoniae</em> infection in community-acquired LRTIs in children particularly in children under five years. There was an association between wheezing and acute <em>M. pneumoniae</em> infection. Multiplex PCR, nested PCR, and serology are used in conjunction to help diagnose <em>M. pneumoniae</em> infection in children with community-acquired LRTIs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100781"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ralstonia pickettii bacteremia: A retrospective review of records","authors":"Anjely Sebastian ,&nbsp;Nitin Gupta ,&nbsp;Barnini Banerjee ,&nbsp;K.E. Vandana ,&nbsp;Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay ,&nbsp;Tirlangi Praveen Kumar ,&nbsp;Muralidhar Varma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Ralstonia pickettii</em> is a non-fermenting gram-negative bacillus rarely associated with hospital-acquired infections. The study aimed to characterise the clinical profile and outcomes of <em>R. pickettii</em> bacteremia cases.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records to collect the details of the clinical profile and outcomes of patients with <em>R. pickettii</em> bacteremia between March and November 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-four patients were found to have <em>Ralstonia pickettii</em> bacteremia between March and May 2021. The cases were distributed across the hospital. All isolates were found to have similar antimicrobial susceptibility. The same organism with similar susceptibility was found to be in distilled water used to prepare in-house disinfectant and antiseptic agents. Commercial preparations replaced in-house solutions all over the hospital as a corrective measure. The distilled water tank was renovated, and repeat samples were found to be satisfactory. There were no further reports of <em>Ralstonia pickettii</em> between May and November 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We report this to highlight the possibility of infection with this rare pathogen and to increase awareness of the importance of appropriate infection control measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100786"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aims and Scope","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0255-0857(25)00013-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0255-0857(25)00013-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100800"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) species isolated from clinical samples: A 10-year retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh","authors":"Lovely Barai ,&nbsp;Mili Rani Saha ,&nbsp;Tanjila Rahman ,&nbsp;Marium Sukanya ,&nbsp;Jannatul Ferdous ,&nbsp;Adeeba Khanduker ,&nbsp;Rokibul Hasan ,&nbsp;TasfiaTasnim Nova","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are increasing worldwide. The study was conducted in a microbiological laboratory of Bangladesh to determine the pattern of detection of RGM from clinical samples.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All laboratory culture records of RGM from 2012 to 2022 were collected retrospectively and analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total 62 RGM infected patients with surgical site infection (74.1 %), injection site and skin abscess (9.7 %), septicaemia (4.8 %) and UTI (1.6 %) were identified. The annual isolation frequency of RGM increased 4.8 %–29.1 % in between year 2012 and 2022. RGM infected patients (14.5 %) were mistakenly treated with first line anti tubercular drug before correct microbiological diagnosis (median, IQR; 3, 2–5 months). Out of 23 RGM isolates, 86.9 % were <em>M. abscessus</em> and rest 13.1 % were <em>M. fortuitum</em>. Most of them (≥95 %) were sensitive to amikacin, linezolid, clarithromycin where as 27.1 % to imipenem and ciprofloxacin, 40 % to cefoxitin, 35.3 % and 1.7 % to doxycycline and co-trimoxazole respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis and erroneous treatment with first line anti tubercular drug may cause prolong morbidity and therapeutic failure to patients with RGM infection. So, early and appropriate diagnosis is crucial for successful outcome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100756"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MALDI - TOF MS for the identification of obligate anaerobes and metronidazole susceptibility of anaerobic Gram negative bacilli","authors":"Simson D,&nbsp;Dhanalakshmi Gounassegarane,&nbsp;Rakhi Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MALDI-TOF MS, though has facilitated rapid and accurate anaerobe identification, the problem of rising metronidazole resistance amongst the members of <em>Bacteroides fragilis</em> group is cause for concern. In this one-year study period,152 anaerobic Gram negative bacilli and 60 Gram positive anaerobes were isolated from 167 samples obtained from clinically suspected anaerobic infections. <em>Bacteroides fragilis</em> accounted for 56 % of the total anaerobic GNB and <em>Peptoniphilus asacchrarolyticus</em> was the most commonly isolated Gram positive cocci. All isolates were identified by the MALDI–TOF MS except one isolate each of Clostridium and Peptostreptococcus. E-test for members of <em>Bacteroides fragilis</em> group, demonstrated 26.8 % metronidazole resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100767"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"The nexus of extensively drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria and intensive care: Elucidating propagation patterns to fortify infection control measures\"","authors":"Debasish Biswal,&nbsp;Sandeep Mangla,&nbsp;Sadia Khan,&nbsp;Aayush Chawla,&nbsp;Pankhuri Kumari,&nbsp;Anubhav Pandey,&nbsp;Sharmila Sengupta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100758","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100758"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}